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! /data/frodo1/aroman/work/6856.prop
! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 7.1.1c
! Date: Tue Jul 15 11:25:47 EDT 1997
Proposal_Information
Title: Early Evolution of Planetary mz-3Nebulae
Proposal_Category: GTO/WF2
Scientific_Category: INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Cycle: 6
Investigators
PI_Name: J. Trauger
PI_Institution: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/ Caltech
CoI_Name: R. Sahai
CoI_Institution: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/ Caltech
Contact:
Abstract:
Planetary nebulae show a dazzling variety of structures not apparent in
the circumstellar envelopes of the AGB stars from which they evolve. It
is believed that the physical phenomena which shape the PNe occur early
in their formation history, involving the hydrodynamic interaction of
one or more fast winds with the slower AGB mass-outflow. Clumping of the
nebular gas is expected theoretically to strongly affect the nature of
the hydrodynamic interaction, and one or two of the closest PNe show the
presence of such neutral clumps. The axisymmetric morphology, found in
50% (or more) of all PNe, is believed to be due to the presence of an
equatorial density enhancement in the slow AGB outflow. The presence of
point-symmetric structure (about the central star) on both small and
large-scales in many PNe strongly suggests the presence of collimated
jet-like outflows which can provide the imprint of such structures in
the circumstellar envelopes of the progenitors. The seeing-limited
resolution of ground-based observations broadens and merges together
intrinsically sharp structures such as rings, jets, knots, neutral
clumps, and shells making it extremely difficult to understand the
detailed morphology of these nebulae. Without such an understanding, it
is not possible to make definitive tests of theoretical models for the
formation of planetary nebulae from AGB stars. A telling example is
provided by the triple-ring nebula around SN1987A, where our WFPC-2
images ruled out the possibility that the rings are simply
limb-brightened bubbles.
Using WFPC2, we propose to image 4 objects, which encompass the
stellar evolution from the tip of the AGB to the planetary nebula
phase, including the intermediate proto-planetary phase, which is
short-lived, but in many ways is the most interesting. The
high-angular resolution provided by WFPC-2 on the HST will allow us
for the first time to image the circumstellar matter with sufficient
resolution which can be used to find and resolve sharp and compact
structures. The 4 objects, IRC+10216 (AGB star), Boomerang Nebula
(proto-planetary), Mz-3 & IC4634 (young planetary nebulae) show
indications of a variety of such structures in ground-based images.
For example, IRC+10216, the best-studied mass-losing AGB star shows
faint ring-like structures in scattered light at visual wavelengths.
Linear-polarisation mapping of the Boomerang nebula shows two bipolar
lobes on either side of a central star obscured by an equatorial disk.
Mz-3 shows an extensive set of radial filaments in H-alpha+NII; and
IC4634 shows a striking point-symmetric structure, both in its overall
morphology, as well on small scales (in the form of compact knots).
The WFPC-2 imaging will allow us to study the above-mentioned features
with sufficient angular detail for each nebula so that we can
determine their true nature and origin. We also hope to discover new
features (e.g. jets, neutral clumps in absorption) which we cannot see
with the seeing-limited resolution of ground-based images. Finally, we
will the WFPC2 images will allow us to study the hydrodynamics of
interacting winds, a subject of considerable importance for our
understanding of a broad range of astrophysical objects.
Questions
Observing_Description:
Images of 2 planetary nebulae (Mz-3 & IC4634), 1 proto-planetary nebula
(Boomerang Nebula), and 1 circumstellar envelope around an AGB star
(IRC10216) will be taken using WFPC2 in order to resolve small-scale
structure in these objects. For the planetary nebulae, we have selected
a suite of emission-line filters to study the structure of the ionised
gas, and a medium filter (F547M) to determine the extinction due to
dust. For the protoplanetary nebula, which consists of two highly
polarised bipolar lobes, seen in light scattered from dust, we have
selected a wide filter, F606W, and the three nominal polariser positions
associated with each of the WF's (0, 45, & 90 deg.). Together with one
image without the polariser, we will be able to obtain the 4 Stokes
parameters for the highly polarised emission from the Boomerang nebula.
IRC10216 will be imaged using F606W. Exposure times have been selected
in order to provide high signal-to-noise ratios such that features
fainter by factors 10-50, relative to the bright parts of the nebulae,
can be seen.
Real_Time_Justification:
Calibration_Justification:
Additional_Comments:
Fixed_Targets
Target_Number: 1
Target_Name: MZ-3
Alternate_Names: PK331.7-01.0
Description: ISM, Planetary Nebula
Position: RA=16H 13M 23.3S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-51D 51' 44.0" +/- 1.0"
Equinox: B1950
RV_or_Z:
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 17.6+/-0.5
E(B-V) = 0.0+/-0.5
Comments: V mag. is actually B mag. of central star; E(B-V) is fake
Target_Number: 2
Target_Name: IC4634
Alternate_Names: PK000.3+12.2
Description: ISM, Planetary Nebula
Position: RA=16H 58M 34.0S +/- 0.01S,DEC=-21D 45' 14.0" +/- 0.1"
Equinox: B1950
RV_or_Z:
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 13.94+/-0.1
E(B-V) = -0.22+/-0.1
Comments: these are magnitudes of central star
Target_Number: 3
Target_Name: BOOMERANG
Alternate_Names:
Description: ISM, Reflection Nebula
Position: RA=12H 41M 55.0S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-54D 14' 54.0" +/- 1.0"
Equinox: B1950
RV_or_Z:
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
SURF(V) = 19.23+/-1.0
Comments:
Target_Number: 4
Target_Name: IRC+10216
Alternate_Names:
Description: ISM, Reflection Nebula
Position: RA=09H 45M 14.89S +/- 0.01S,DEC=13D 30' 40.80" +/- 0.1"
Equinox: B1950
RV_or_Z:
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 18+/-1.0
E(B-V) = 0.0+/-1.0
Comments: E(B-V) is fake
Solar_System_Targets
Generic_Targets
Scan_Data
Visits
Visit_Number: 01
Visit_Requirements:
ORIENT 55.5D TO 55.5D
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: Nebula should span WF3-WF4, centered 30" from
WF3-FIX towards WF-4. We request that this visit
be scheduled contiguously before the 1-orbit WFPC-2 visit of Mz-3 in GO
proposal 6502 (PI: B. Balick) in order to match the orientation and
positioning of the target in both programs precisely.
Exposure_Number: 10
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F656N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 15
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F656N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 400 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 20
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F631N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 30
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F547M
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 200 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 40
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F658N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 400 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 45
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F658N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 50
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F502N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 60
Target_Name: MZ-3
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F487N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S
Special_Requirements:
POS TARG 30.0,0.0
Comments:
Visit_Number: 02
Visit_Requirements:
ORIENT 237D TO 247D
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 8
Target_Name: IC4634
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F656N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 9
Target_Name: IC4634
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F656N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 10
Target_Name: IC4634
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F502N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 11
Target_Name: IC4634
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F658N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 12
Target_Name: IC4634
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F547M
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 200 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 13
Target_Name: IC4634
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F487N
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 03
Visit_Requirements:
ORIENT 342D TO 346D
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 15
Target_Name: BOOMERANG
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W,POLQ
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 17
Target_Name: BOOMERANG
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 18
Target_Name: BOOMERANG
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF2-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W,POLQ
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 19
Target_Name: BOOMERANG
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF4-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W,POLQ
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 04
Visit_Requirements:
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 23
Target_Name: IRC+10216
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 2
Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 24
Target_Name: IRC+10216
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 700 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 25
Target_Name: IRC+10216
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: WF3-FIX
Sp_Element: F606W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7
Number_of_Iterations: 3
Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired
Medium: 8MM
Ship_To: PI_Address
Recipient_Email:
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