! +====================+ ! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT | ! +====================+ ! ! /data/frodo1/aroman/work/6856.prop ! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 7.1.1c ! Date: Tue Jul 15 11:25:47 EDT 1997 Proposal_Information Title: Early Evolution of Planetary mz-3Nebulae Proposal_Category: GTO/WF2 Scientific_Category: INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_Name: J. Trauger PI_Institution: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/ Caltech CoI_Name: R. Sahai CoI_Institution: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/ Caltech Contact: Abstract: Planetary nebulae show a dazzling variety of structures not apparent in the circumstellar envelopes of the AGB stars from which they evolve. It is believed that the physical phenomena which shape the PNe occur early in their formation history, involving the hydrodynamic interaction of one or more fast winds with the slower AGB mass-outflow. Clumping of the nebular gas is expected theoretically to strongly affect the nature of the hydrodynamic interaction, and one or two of the closest PNe show the presence of such neutral clumps. The axisymmetric morphology, found in 50% (or more) of all PNe, is believed to be due to the presence of an equatorial density enhancement in the slow AGB outflow. The presence of point-symmetric structure (about the central star) on both small and large-scales in many PNe strongly suggests the presence of collimated jet-like outflows which can provide the imprint of such structures in the circumstellar envelopes of the progenitors. The seeing-limited resolution of ground-based observations broadens and merges together intrinsically sharp structures such as rings, jets, knots, neutral clumps, and shells making it extremely difficult to understand the detailed morphology of these nebulae. Without such an understanding, it is not possible to make definitive tests of theoretical models for the formation of planetary nebulae from AGB stars. A telling example is provided by the triple-ring nebula around SN1987A, where our WFPC-2 images ruled out the possibility that the rings are simply limb-brightened bubbles. Using WFPC2, we propose to image 4 objects, which encompass the stellar evolution from the tip of the AGB to the planetary nebula phase, including the intermediate proto-planetary phase, which is short-lived, but in many ways is the most interesting. The high-angular resolution provided by WFPC-2 on the HST will allow us for the first time to image the circumstellar matter with sufficient resolution which can be used to find and resolve sharp and compact structures. The 4 objects, IRC+10216 (AGB star), Boomerang Nebula (proto-planetary), Mz-3 & IC4634 (young planetary nebulae) show indications of a variety of such structures in ground-based images. For example, IRC+10216, the best-studied mass-losing AGB star shows faint ring-like structures in scattered light at visual wavelengths. Linear-polarisation mapping of the Boomerang nebula shows two bipolar lobes on either side of a central star obscured by an equatorial disk. Mz-3 shows an extensive set of radial filaments in H-alpha+NII; and IC4634 shows a striking point-symmetric structure, both in its overall morphology, as well on small scales (in the form of compact knots). The WFPC-2 imaging will allow us to study the above-mentioned features with sufficient angular detail for each nebula so that we can determine their true nature and origin. We also hope to discover new features (e.g. jets, neutral clumps in absorption) which we cannot see with the seeing-limited resolution of ground-based images. Finally, we will the WFPC2 images will allow us to study the hydrodynamics of interacting winds, a subject of considerable importance for our understanding of a broad range of astrophysical objects. Questions Observing_Description: Images of 2 planetary nebulae (Mz-3 & IC4634), 1 proto-planetary nebula (Boomerang Nebula), and 1 circumstellar envelope around an AGB star (IRC10216) will be taken using WFPC2 in order to resolve small-scale structure in these objects. For the planetary nebulae, we have selected a suite of emission-line filters to study the structure of the ionised gas, and a medium filter (F547M) to determine the extinction due to dust. For the protoplanetary nebula, which consists of two highly polarised bipolar lobes, seen in light scattered from dust, we have selected a wide filter, F606W, and the three nominal polariser positions associated with each of the WF's (0, 45, & 90 deg.). Together with one image without the polariser, we will be able to obtain the 4 Stokes parameters for the highly polarised emission from the Boomerang nebula. IRC10216 will be imaged using F606W. Exposure times have been selected in order to provide high signal-to-noise ratios such that features fainter by factors 10-50, relative to the bright parts of the nebulae, can be seen. Real_Time_Justification: Calibration_Justification: Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: MZ-3 Alternate_Names: PK331.7-01.0 Description: ISM, Planetary Nebula Position: RA=16H 13M 23.3S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-51D 51' 44.0" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 17.6+/-0.5 E(B-V) = 0.0+/-0.5 Comments: V mag. is actually B mag. of central star; E(B-V) is fake Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: IC4634 Alternate_Names: PK000.3+12.2 Description: ISM, Planetary Nebula Position: RA=16H 58M 34.0S +/- 0.01S,DEC=-21D 45' 14.0" +/- 0.1" Equinox: B1950 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 13.94+/-0.1 E(B-V) = -0.22+/-0.1 Comments: these are magnitudes of central star Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: BOOMERANG Alternate_Names: Description: ISM, Reflection Nebula Position: RA=12H 41M 55.0S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-54D 14' 54.0" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: SURF(V) = 19.23+/-1.0 Comments: Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: IRC+10216 Alternate_Names: Description: ISM, Reflection Nebula Position: RA=09H 45M 14.89S +/- 0.01S,DEC=13D 30' 40.80" +/- 0.1" Equinox: B1950 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 18+/-1.0 E(B-V) = 0.0+/-1.0 Comments: E(B-V) is fake Solar_System_Targets Generic_Targets Scan_Data Visits Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 55.5D TO 55.5D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Nebula should span WF3-WF4, centered 30" from WF3-FIX towards WF-4. We request that this visit be scheduled contiguously before the 1-orbit WFPC-2 visit of Mz-3 in GO proposal 6502 (PI: B. Balick) in order to match the orientation and positioning of the target in both programs precisely. Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F656N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 15 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F656N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 400 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F631N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 30 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F547M Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 200 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 40 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F658N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 400 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 45 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F658N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 50 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F502N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 60 Target_Name: MZ-3 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F487N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 30.0,0.0 Comments: Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 237D TO 247D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 8 Target_Name: IC4634 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F656N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 9 Target_Name: IC4634 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F656N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: IC4634 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F502N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 11 Target_Name: IC4634 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F658N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 12 Target_Name: IC4634 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F547M Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 200 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 13 Target_Name: IC4634 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F487N Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 342D TO 346D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 15 Target_Name: BOOMERANG Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F606W,POLQ Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 17 Target_Name: BOOMERANG Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F606W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 18 Target_Name: BOOMERANG Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF2-FIX Sp_Element: F606W,POLQ Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 19 Target_Name: BOOMERANG Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4-FIX Sp_Element: F606W,POLQ Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-TOLERANCE=0.0,CR-SPLIT=0.5,ATD-GAIN=15 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 04 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 23 Target_Name: IRC+10216 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F606W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 24 Target_Name: IRC+10216 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F606W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 700 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 25 Target_Name: IRC+10216 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F606W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CLOCKS=NO,CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 800 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Data_Distribution ! 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