! Proposal 6785, submission 2 ! PI: Matthew Malkan ! Received Sat Feb 10 18:26:30 EST 1996 ! From: sun@astro.ucla.edu ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6785,v 6.1 1996/09/12 18:25:47 pepsa Exp $ ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6785,v 6.1 1996/09/12 18:25:47 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: van Orsow ! Phone: 410-338-4568 , E-mail: vanorsow@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Name of Phase I Proposal: archive-1018.malkan.prop ! Date generated: Fri Dec 22 19:01:47 EST 1995 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Ionized Gas Disks In Nearby Early Type Galaxies ! Galaxies: A Key to Measuring Supermassive Black Holes Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_name: Matthew Malkan PI_Institution: University of California CoI_Name: Wayne Webb CoI_Institution: University of California Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose WFPC2 H Alpha/N II imaging to search for gas disks in the nuclei of nearby early-type galaxies. Discovering these disks is vital because they allow the most direct spectroscopic measurement of the gravitational effects of the supermassive black holes they orbit. HST has already used the spatially resolved Doppler-shifted emission lines of just such a rotating disk in M 87 to provide the first conclusive dynamical mass estimate of a galactic black hole. We propose to image the nuclei of all 9 remaining nearby early-type galaxies which are also good candidates for having similar nuclear disks of ionzed gas. They have strong nuclear H Alpha/N II emission at a low redshift (z<0.0057) which places it within the WFPC2 ``N II" filter bandpass. The small distances of these galaxies are also essential so that HST can resolve the finest spatial scales (10 parsecs or less), where the gravitational effects of a black hole would be most detectable. Half of the sample galaxies contain compact nuclear radiosources (as does M 87), so that we can see if that makes a systematic difference in the nuclear distribution of ionized gas. We will also search for evidence of bipolar outflows aligned with the radio jets, and for other interesting structures in H Alpha\ such as shock fronts, bubbles, and superwinds. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: We propose to use the unparalleled resolving power of post- Costar HST to search for nuclear disks in early-type galaxies by imaging emission-line galactic nuclei. All candidates have z<0.0057, so that their H Alpha\ emission is contained in the passband of the WFPC2 ``N II" filter. Even if the disks we find are no larger in physical extent than those already discovered, they should still be resolvable into at least two elements along the slit. Since we are looking for relatively bright emission lines, any WFPC2 detections are essentially guaranteed to be bright enough for accurate line velocity measurements with FOS. The Table lists the target galaxies in order of decreasing priority, based on emission line flux (Filippenko & Sargent 1985;Silchenko 1989; Dressler and Sandage 1983; Kim 1989; Caldwell 1984;Ho et al. 1995; Phillips et al. 1986 ). For one of the weaker-lined galaxies, the line flux in a small ground-based slit is 1.e-13 erg/sec/cm2, which will produce a total of 65 detected photoelectrons per second through the 658N filter. We will assume somewhat conservatively that this flux is spread uniformly over the central 200 pixels of the PC1. Then our two consecutive 750-second exposures will detect a total of 500 counts per pixel. In the worst case the starlight continuum will also contribute four times this. The extra photon-statistical noise of the continuum photons drops the resulting SNR of the continuum-subtracted emission line image to 10 per pixel. Some modest smoothing over the WFPC2 pixels will yield a comparable SNR per spatial resolution element in the faintest targets. The broadband exposure times are estimated to yield at least a few thousand detected photons per PC1 pixel. This safely avoids saturation, but provides sufficiently high signal to noise in the continuum image, that it will not add significant noise when it is scaled and subtracted from the 658N exposure to yield a pure emission line image. (We will not obtain another broadband expsosure if WFPC2 has already obtained a broad V, R, or I image of the galactic nucleus). Since our exposure times will be longer than those used in the M 87 study, they will compensate for the somewhat lower line fluxes, yielding images of comparable quality. Since our typical target visibilities are 50 minutes per orbit, all of the exposures---including the short broadband image---can be obtained within a single orbit per galaxy. (The one galaxy with less visibility---NGC 5846--- will not need another broadband exposure.) No special calibrations are required. Only HST can provide nearly an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution over ground-based optical telescopes. A surprisingly large proportion of HST's pre-COSTAR serendipitous discoveries have shown that very interesting nuclear structures exist on this scale size, which is inaccessible to ground-based optical imaging. Real_Time_Justification: No special scheduling requirements. No special coordination requests. Our own supporting observations need not be simultaneous. We will also obtain deep multicolor ground-based images (at Lick Observatory) and VLA radio maps of those galaxies visible from the Northern hemisphere. We will propose for multicolor CCD imaging of the Southern galaxies from CTIO. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: NGC2328 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=7H 1M 1.0S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=-41D 59' 42.0" +/-2" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1159 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: NGC2640 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=8H 36M 5.0S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=-54D 56' 51.0" +/-2"! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1051 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: NGC4036 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=11H 58M 53.6S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=62D 10' 23.0" +/-2"! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1397 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: NGC3718 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=11H 29M 50.7S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=53D 20' 33.0" +/-2"! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1031 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: NGC4111 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=12H 4M 31.0S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=43D 20' 37.0" +/-2"! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +815 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: NGC5084 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=13H 17M 34.0S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=-21D 33' 54.0" +/-2" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1700 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 7 Target_Name: NGC2787 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=9H 14M 49.7S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=69D 24' 50.0" +/-2"! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +649 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 8 Target_Name: NGC2768 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA=9H 7M 45.2S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=60D 14' 40.0" +/-2" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1335 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 9 Target_Name: NGC5846 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY Position: RA=15H 3M 56.9S +/-0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=1D 47' 53.0" +/-2"! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: V = +1680 RA_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: 1950 Annual_Parallax: 0 Flux: SURF(V)=15+/-1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 ! Uncomment or copy visit level special requirements needed ! Most of these requirements (including ORIENT) will limit scheduling ! PCS MODE [Fine | Gyro] ! GUIDing TOLerance ! DROP TO GYRO IF NECESSARY [NO REACQuisition] ! ORIENTation TO ! ORIENTation TO FROM ! ORIENTation TO FROM NOMINAL ! SAME ORIENTation AS ! CVZ ! PARallel ! SCHEDulability ! AFTER [BY [TO ]] ! AFTER ! BEFORE ! BETWEEN AND ! GROUP WITHIN