! Proposal 6773, submission 2 ! PI: James Rose ! Received Fri Apr 12 20:03:55 EDT 1996 ! From: caldwell@flwo99.sao.arizona.edu ! ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6773,v 14.1 1997/03/03 15:35:38 pepsa Exp $ ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6773,v 14.1 1997/03/03 15:35:38 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Ready ! Phone: 410-338-4546 , E-mail: ready@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Name of Phase I Proposal: archive-0992.rose.prop ! Date generated: Fri Dec 22 17:47:24 EST 1995 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: The Butcher-Oemler Effect in Nearby Clusters of Galaxies Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_name: James Rose PI_Institution: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of North Carolina CoI_Name: Nelson Caldwell CoI_Institution: F.L.\ Whipple Observatory, Smithsonian Institution Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Richard Bower CoI_Institution: Department of Physics, University of Durham Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Richard Ellis CoI_Institution: Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Ray Sharples CoI_Institution: Department of Physics, University of Durham Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) Recently we discovered a surprisingly large number of current starburst (SB) and post-starburst (PSB) early-type galaxies in three nearby clusters of galaxies, including the Coma cluster. The spectroscopic characteristics of these SB/PSB galaxies are remarkably similar to those found for the unusual galaxies in distant clusters. Thus we appear to be witnessing activity that is very similar in nature to the Butcher-Oemler (B-O) effect, but in clusters that are more than ten times nearer than the B-O clusters at z~0.3-0.5. The proximity of the clusters we are studying provides a unique opportunity to solve the principal questions concerning the origin of the B-O effect, such as what actually triggers the major star formation episodes in B-O cluster galaxies. In particular, we propose to acquire WFPC2 images of seven SB/PSB galaxies in the Coma cluster and in DC2048-52 to obtain high-resolution information on the central regions of these galaxies, where the star formation activity has been the most intense. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: The observations will help define the morphologies of the inner regions of these early-type galaxies, all of which are classified S0 from ground based images. We have selected five post-starburst galaxies from the two clusters and two certain starburst galaxies. Images for this sample should be definitive in the properties of such galaxies. The data in particular should be useful to identify possible massive star clusters formed during the bursts. Such clusters as are found in NGC 7252 and NGC 1275 (Holtmann et al. and Whitmore et al.) have a mean M_V=--13. In Coma, such clusters would thus appear at V=23, about 2.5 mags brighter than the brightest normal globular clusters. A decrease in the luminosity with age is expected of course, but the starbursts in the Coma PSB galaxies have been dated to around 1 Gyr, which is similar to the ages found for the NGC 7252 clusters. So the comparison in luminosities is apt. Their relatively bright apparent magnitudes don't make their detection easy from the ground, because they are expected to be located in the high surface brightness regions of the bulge, where because of crowding and the high background their detection requires HST (as Holtzman et al. and Whitmore et al. found for their galaxies). The WFPC2 exposure time calculator indicates that an exposure time of 1000s for the PC chip in F450W will give a S/N of about 10 at V=25. Taking into account the noise added by the presence of the galaxy, we estimate that the S/N would be about 7 for the stated parameters, sufficient certainly to detect clusters and measure them. The F450W filter is chosen to maximize the throughput and sensitivity to young ages, while the F814W filter was chosen to provide a red baseline for the measurement of colors (F555W overlaps with F450W and hence is not ideal for this work). Color gradients in the diffuse light distribution will be used to map out the location of the star bursts. As mentioned above, from ground based data it appears that the starbursts were wide-spread but centrally concentrated. What we don't know is whether the nucleus itself was the main site of the starburst. HST data will clarify that issue. At the declination of the Coma cluster, 53 minutes of visibility per orbit are available. Counting overhead with CR-SPLIT, we can thus obtain one 1000s F450W exposure and one 700s F814W exposure per orbit. Thus one orbit per galaxy should suffice, for a total of 4 orbits. There are an additional 3 minutes of time available for the DC2048-52 galaxies, which will be added into the two filters. The net result is still one orbit per galaxy, so the overall total will be 7 orbits requested. Real_Time_Justification: none We are engaged in further ground based observations to further define the frequency and location of SB/PSB galaxies in nearby clusters, by obtaining multi-fiber spectroscopy with large telescopes. Followup up work on identified galaxies is planned to age-date the starbursts, study unusual kinematics, and look for unusual morphologies that may be indicative of the origin of the starbursts. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: Coma-D45 Alternate_Names: GMP4579 Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=12H 57M 56.25S +/-0.3", DEC=27D 34' 52.25" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=24.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.85 Comments: Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: Coma-D15 Alternate_Names: MRK55, GMP4918 Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=12H 57M 25.32S +/-0.3", DEC=27D 24' 15.86" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=24.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.85 Comments: Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: Coma-D99 Alternate_Names: GMP2897 Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=13H 00M 09.7S +/-0.3", DEC=27D 51' 52.10" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=24.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.85 Comments: Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: Coma-D61 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=13H 02M 0.10S +/-0.3", DEC=27D 46' 56.40" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=17.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.85 Comments: New target selected by PI as D94 has a high chance of gs failure Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: DC2048-D148 Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=20H 49M 13.63S +/-0.3", DEC=-52D 33' 51.40" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=20.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.90 Comments: Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: DC2048-D192 Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=20H 51M 56.3S +/-0.3", DEC=-52D 03' 45.4" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=20.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.90 Comments: Target_Number: 7 Target_Name: DC2048-D216 Description: GALAXY, Lenticular, CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, Rich Cluster Position: RA=20H 49M 24.51S +/-0.3", DEC=-51D 56' 54.5" +/-0.3" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: SURF(V)=20.0 +/-0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V B-V=0.90 Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D45 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D45 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Comments: Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D15 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D15 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Comments: Visit_Number: 3 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D61 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D61 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Comments: Visit_Number: 4 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: 180 orientation switch ok (i.e., to 280D < angle < 320D) Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D99 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Coma-D99 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Comments: Visit_Number: 5 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: DC2048-D148 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1400S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: DC2048-D148 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Visit_Number: 6 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: DC2048-D192 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1400S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: DC2048-D192 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Comments: Visit_Number: 7 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: DC2048-D216 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: 4519 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1400S Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: DC2048-D216 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: 7921 Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5, CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 1 Comments: Data_Distribution ! 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