! Proposal 6703, submission 2 ! PI: Steve Rawlings ! Received Fri Feb 16 09:45:37 EST 1996 ! From: s.rawlings1@physics.oxford.ac.uk ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6703,v 7.1 1996/07/10 15:50:58 pepsa Exp $ ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6703,v 7.1 1996/07/10 15:50:58 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: van Orsow ! Phone: 410-338-4568 , E-mail: vanorsow@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Name of Phase I Proposal: archive-0800.rawlings.prop ! Date generated: Fri Dec 22 18:58:20 EST 1995 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Weak radiogalaxies at z > 2: imaging a unique sample Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: AGN Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_name: Steve Rawlings PI_Institution: Astrophysics, Oxford University, CoI_Name: Gary Hill CoI_Institution: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Susan Ridgway CoI_Institution: University of Hawaii, Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Steve Eales CoI_Institution: Astronomy, Cardiff University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Mark Lacy CoI_Institution: Astrophysics, Oxford University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Katherine Blundell CoI_Institution: Astrophysics, Oxford University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Duncan Law-Green CoI_Institution: NRAL, Manchester University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) Only the HST can deliver the resolution necessary to investigate the structure of galaxies at redshifts z > 2. To date, studies have focussed almost exclusively on galaxies of extreme radio luminosity, and their clumpy radio-aligned structures are an almost certain selection effect. The two radio-weak z>2 galaxies imaged by HST have recognisably `galaxy-like' envelopes, with weak or absent AGN, and little radio-aligned optical emission. A concerted HST study of high- z radio-weak galaxies is now vital, and our 7C redshift survey provides the first (and only) suitable sample. Its two key features are: (i) a flux limit 20-times fainter than 3C; and (ii) essentially complete spectroscopic redshifts. 7C galaxies at z ~ 2 are well matched in radio luminosity to 3C galaxies at z ~ 0.5 which optically are fairly normal ellipticals; 7C data together with existing 3C HST data can chart the redshift evolution of galaxy structure at a fixed, non-extreme radio luminosity. Moreover, 7C galaxies are 5--10 times less radio-luminous than previous HST targets at z > 2, allowing new studies of structure as a function of radio luminosity at a fixed, high redshift. We plan to image the 14 7C galaxies and 5 7C quasars at z>2, requiring 51 HST orbits for two colours. This is a substantial time investment, but is merited by the uniqueness of the 7C sample which provides the best hope of studying (relatively) normal galaxies at high redshift, and which can extract the maximum science from the existing HST database at high-z . Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: We will use WFPC2, placing each 7C galaxy target near the centre of one of the Wide Field (~ 0.1 arcsec per pixel) CCDs, and each 7C quasar near the centre of the Planetary Camera (PC) CCD. This choice maximises the signal-to-noise ratio on resolved structures in the galaxies, as well as providing more sensitivity and field-size with which to study any companion objects. Better sampling of the PSF will be essential for the quasar targets, and the PC should be used. We will use two filters per target, following the strategy adopted by the Hubble Deep Field Project to obtain colour information with the loss of very little sensitivity (0.1-- 0.2 magnitudes). The filters have been chosen (F606W, F814W) on the basis of high throughput, and in the case of F814W because the targets are expected to have spectral energy distributions rising into the red. These filters also avoid contamination by the bright LyAlpha emission line at the redshifts of interest. Since the details of the optical structures are not yet known, we have opted for a single programme of exposing for similar times on all objects (there is no correlation between optical magnitude and redshift for our targets). Three jittered exposures per orbit will allow cosmic ray and hot pixel removal, as well as affording some improvement of PSF sampling: we will consult with HST experts at the Phase II stage to decide on the exact form of jittering to be used. We have simulated galaxy images on the assumption that a typical orbit allows 1800s exposure in total, and find that to satisfy all of our objectives we require 3600s in the F814W filter. We will add a further 1800s in the F606W to add colour information, and to add some margin for error in our signal-to-noise calculation (since we can stack the V and I images). Three orbits are therefore sufficient and necessary for most objects: fortunately, however, 6 of our targets lie in the CVZ so their required I- band exposure can be achieved in 1 orbit; a second orbit in the F606W filter will again be added. Details of our signal- to-noise calculations follow: we assumed that light from our galaxies will be dominated by the smooth envelope component seen in the Windhorst et al. and Giavalisco et al. studies. Following Windhorst et al. we adopted a de Vaucouleurs profile with an effective radius r_e= 5 kpc (H_0=50; Omega_0=1) and z ~ 2. We fixed the total magnitude to the faintest measured in our ground-based studies, e.g. V = 24; I = 23.0. Without smoothing it is still easy to discern the diffuse structure out to a radius of 6 or so pixels (~0.6 arcsec), which is sufficient and necessary to establish a smoothly varying (e.g. r^frac14) light profile. One gets similar results using the WFPC2 exposure time calculator. Spreading an I=23 galaxy uniformally over 2 arcsec^2 (reasonable both from the model assumed above, and from the ground-based images) leads to a signal-to-noise (s:n) ratio of 2 (splitting a 3600s F814W integration into 6 exposures) per WFPC2 pixel. Assuming instead an r^frac14 law for the surface brightness (and r_e=5 kpc), the s:n in the outermost of a set of concentric aperture rings drops to ~ 1 at a radius of ~ 0.7 arcsec (estimated from our simulation, but see also Fig. 2\ of Giavalisco et al. for a similar result on real HST data for a similar magnitude object). We are therefore confident that even in our faintest targets we will have the s:n to detect and characterise smoothly varying light profiles. Additionally, of course, we will be extremely sensitive to unresolved sources, such as those associated with an AGN, compact sub-clumps and/or knots aligned with the radio axis. Our 3 Sigma point source sensitivity will be around I = 27, more than adequate to detect quasars buried by A_V ~ 7 if they are intrinsically as bright as those already known in the 7C sample. Real_Time_Justification: 6 targets in our complete sample lie in the region of the CVZ, and we request CVZ status for these to allow longer object exposures. Follow-up of the 7C redshift survey is an important part of the Oxford programme of research on high-z galaxies. Several supporting projects have already been awarded time on UK and US telescopes. Three-frequency polarization-calibrated VLA observations were made this summer of all the HST targets with a best resolution of ~ 0.2 arcsec at 8.4 GHz; 132 hours of MERLIN observations will provide even higher resolution images (~ 0.1 arcsec resolution at 1.6 GHz) later this year. Deep R-band images will be obtained over 4 nights at the McDonald 107-inch this November (to complement existing data); deep K-band imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy will be completed in 7 nights awarded on the UKIRT during Jan. 1996; and finally, deep, and hopefully ~ 0.5 arcsec resolution, ground-based images will be obtained through V and I filters over 5 nights on the NOT telescope in Jan. 1996. If seeing conditions permit, these latter observations will help recover information on the structures of the galaxies on scales larger than those to which WFPC2 is sensitive. We also plan searches for companion galaxies (and potential foreground gravitational lensing structures) using three techniques: LyAlpha imaging in the optical at the WHT; OIII and HAlpha imaging in the near-infrared at the UKIRT; and multi-colour optical/near-infrared searches for the 4000 Angstrom break. Needless to say, the proposed HST observations are pivotal to the overall success of the programme. vspace*0.2in The observing team. We have constructed an observing team with the expertise and manpower necessary to expedite this large project. In addition to the team behind the original 7C survey (Rawlings, GH, SE, ML), we have added experts on each aspect of the high resolution programme, e.g. VLA mapping (KB), MERLIN mapping (DLG) and WFPC2 imaging (Ridgway). Ridgway is a vital member of the team given her vast experience analysing data from the Stockton 3C campaign on HST (proposal 5401) -- she will be moving to Oxford in November 1995. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA = 02H 25M 16.73S +/- 0.1S, DEC = +31D 18' 57.9" +/- 1.0" ! Most common specification format is ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Z = 2.98 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=22.5 +/- 0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA = 08H 12M 19.27S +/- 0.1S, DEC = +26D 30' 15.6" +/- 1.0" ! Most common specification format is ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Z = 2.43 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=23.0 +/- 0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA = 08H 28M 38.95S +/- 0.1S, DEC = +25D 28' 26.5" +/- 1.0" ! Most common specification format is ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Z = 2.22 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=23.1 +/- 0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy Position: RA = 17H 58M 46.60S +/- 0.1S, DEC = +67D 20' 07.9" +/- 1.0" ! Most common specification format is ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Z = 2.70 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=23.0 +/- 0.5 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.50,0.25 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 3 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.25,0.50 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0225+3118 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 5 LOW-SKY Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.50,0.25 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 3 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.25,0.5 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0812+2630 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 5 LOW-SKY ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 3 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.50,0.25 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 3 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.25,0.5 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-0828+2528 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WFALL Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 5 LOW-SKY ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 4 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 400S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.5,0.25 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 3 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 800S Special_Requirements: POSition TARGet 0.25,0.5 LOW-SKY Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: GAL-1758+6720 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT = NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 500S Special_Requirements: SAME POSition AS 5 LOW-SKY Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1 ! Only astronomers with very old 9- ! track tape drives should consider ! a blocking factor of 1 Ship_To: PI_Address ! STSCI or PI_Address or ! PI Address from Phase I is: ! ! Nuclear & Astrophysics Building ! , Keble Road, ! Oxford ! OX1 3RH, ! ! Ship_Via: UPS ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT ! Overnight shipping done at PI expense Recipient_Email: ! Needed if Ship_To: is not PI_Address ! ! Let us know what you think of this template and software! ! Please send a list of your likes and dislikes to your Program Coordinator