! Proposal 6675, submission 2 ! PI: Esther Zirbel ! Received Tue May 20 14:40:46 EDT 1997 ! From: med@stsci.edu ! Proposal 6675, submission 1 ! PI: Esther Zirbel ! Received Fri Mar 1 12:03:36 EST 1996 ! From: lucas@stsci.edu ! +====================+ ! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT | ! +====================+ ! ! /tmp_mnt/babbar/u1/zirbel/cycle6/6675.prop ! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 6.0e ! Date: Sat Feb 10 13:45:45 EST 1996 Proposal_Information Title: The Evolution of Galaxies in Groups Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: COSMOLOGY Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_Name: Esther Zirbel PI_Institution: Haverford College CoI_Name: Augustus Oemler CoI_Institution: Yale University Contact: CoI_Name: Jeremy Allington-Smith CoI_Institution: Durham University Contact: CoI_Name: Richard Ellis CoI_Institution: Cambridge University Contact: CoI_Name: Mark Dickinson CoI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute Contact: Abstract: There is now convincing evidence that galaxy evolution has progressed as a strong function of the environment. The strongest evolution is seen in the cores of rich clusters, which, at the present epoch, are dominated by red, early type galaxies, whereas comparable clusters at z ~ 0.4 have blue star-forming spiral galaxies in addition to galaxies with disturbed morphologies. The evolution of galaxies in the field is milder and observed mostly among low luminosity irregular galaxies. The marked contrast between the rich cluster and field results makes it difficult to construct a convincing unified picture of what environmental processes are driving galaxy evolution. Here we propose to observe galaxies in small groups at z ~ 0.4, that ``bridge'' the 10^4 density gap between the two environmental extremes. We will determine the morphological mix of galaxies in groups to examine how this depends on group richness. Furthermore, we will compare the frequency and severity of the morphological disturbances of galaxies in groups to those of galaxies in the field and in rich clusters. This analysis will help confine those environmental mechanisms that transform galaxies. We propose to obtain HST images with the F702W filter of 10 groups, which have already been extensively studied photometrically and spectroscopically. With 10 4-orbit observations we will get a large enough and deep enough sample to study galaxy evolution over a range of environments. Questions Observing_Description: We will employ the F702W filter for maximum throughput, and to simplify direct comparison with the Dressler Etal and Oemler Etal cluster data which is obtained with the same bandpass. The Medium Deep Survey, which provides comparable data on field galaxies, uses the F814W filter. For our purpose this wavelength difference is insignificant. At the median redshift of our sample, F702W corresponds to roughtly the rest frame V-band. Our aim is to determine the morphological mix of galaxies as a function of environment and to compare that to cluster and Medium Deep Survey results. HST Cycle 4 and 5 observations of z ~ 0.4 clusters have demonstrated that after 10 orbits integration morphologies can be determined down to r ~ 23 while subtler morphological features like tails, bridges can be seen one magnitude brighter than that limit. Although it would be desirable to go as deep on individual systems as in cluster observations, it is preferable to obtain adequate exposures on a large sample. With 4 orbits per field, this means that galaxy morphologies can be determined down to r ~ 22.5 (this was calculated by degrading the 10 orbit F720W WFPC-2 observation of CL 0939+47, a z = 0.41 cluster, by adding poisson noise and including the additional readout noise generated by the use of a CR-SPLIT in the observing sequence). Altogether we plan to observe 10 groups spanning a range of richnesses and thus bridgeing the gap between HST morphological studies of rich clusters and the field. Real_Time_Justification: None. Our ground based imaging data (published by Allington-Smith Etal) on the radio-selected groups provides rest-frame B-V photometry, group richness, and blue fractions of all fields. Altogether we possess photometry on 74 z ~ 0.4 and LDSS-2 multislit spectra of galaxies in 3 groups. In addition we have been allocated 5 nights on the 4m telescope time in October at Kitt Peak (using CryoCam) to obtain additional spectra of galaxies in 8 more groups. The aim is to confirm galaxy-by-galaxy group membership, quantify spectral properties to determine the stellar populations of those galaxies, and to obtain velocity dispersions to analyze the dynamics of those groups. In addition, for 3 of the 10 groups of our HST sample, Dickinson (1994) has observations in 6 filters and multislit spectroscopy from the Paloma 5m telescope. Presently we are continuing the extensive spectroscopic followup program using LDSS-2 on WHT, CryoCam at KPNO and Hydra on WIYN. Calibration_Justification: Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: 3C16 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,RADIO GALAXY,BRIGHTEST GROUP MEMBER,CLUSTER OF GALAXIES,GROUP,POOR CLUSTER,HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER Position: RA=00H 35M 09.16S +/- 1.0",DEC=13D 03' 39.6" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: Z = 0.405 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: B1950.0 Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 21.1+/-0.5 Comments: radio-selected group of galaxies Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,RADIO GALAXY,BRIGHTEST GROUP MEMBER,CLUSTER OF GALAXIES,GROUP,POOR CLUSTER,HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER Position: RA=02H 13M 43.2S +/- 1.0",DEC=32D 36' 54" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950. RV_or_Z: Z = 0.448 RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: B1950.0 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 21.0+/-0.5 Comments: radio-selected group of galaxies Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: 5C12.251 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,BRIGHTEST GROUP MEMBER,RADIO GALAXY,CLUSTER OF GALAXIES,GROUP,POOR CLUSTER,HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER Position: RA=10H 03M 31.9S +/- 1.0",DEC=36D 55' 29.7" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: Z = 0.312 RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: 1950.0 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 20.1+/-0.5 Comments: radio-selected group of galaxies Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: 3C435A Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,RADIO GALAXY,BRIGHTEST GROUP MEMBER,CLUSTER OF GALAXIES,GROUP,POOR CLUSTER,HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER Position: RA=21H 26M 37.35S +/- 1.0",DEC=07D 19' 49.4" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: Z = 0.471 RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: B1950.0 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 21.0+/-0.5 Comments: radio-selected group of galaxies; 3C435B (z=0.865) also in field; coordinates are for modpoint position between 3C435A & B. Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,RADIO GALAXY,BRIGHTEST GROUP MEMBER,CLUSTER OF GALAXIES,GROUP,POOR CLUSTER,HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER Position: RA=01H 01M 49.4S +/- 1.0",DEC=02D 23' 38" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: Z = 0.390 RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: 1950.0 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 19.5+/-0.5 Comments: radio-selected group of galaxies Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: 4C27.51 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,RADIO GALAXY,BRIGHTEST GROUP MEMBER,CLUSTER OF GALAXIES,GROUP,POOR CLUSTER,HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER Position: RA=23H 22M 30.4S +/- 1.0",DEC=27D 46' 55" +/- 1.0" Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: Z = 0.319 RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: B1950.0 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 18.5+/-0.5 Comments: radio-selected goup of galaxies Solar_System_Targets Generic_Targets Scan_Data Visits Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 90D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: 3C16 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: 3C16 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: 3C16 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: 3C16 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 5 Target_Name: 3C16 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 6 Target_Name: 3C16 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 7 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 8 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 9 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 11 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 12 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 13 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 14 Target_Name: 5C6.124 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 20D TO 100D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 15 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG 0.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 16 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG 0.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 17 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG 0.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 18 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG 0.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 19 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.0,0.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -1.046,-1.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 21 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -1.046,-1.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 22 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -1.046,-1.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 23 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -1.046,-1.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 24 Target_Name: 3C435A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -1.046,-1.046 Comments: Visit_Number: 04 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 270D TO 130D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 25 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 26 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 27 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 28 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 29 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 30 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 31 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 32 Target_Name: PKS0101+023 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Visit_Number: 05 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: PREFERRED ORIENT IS ACTUALLY 30D AND PREFERRED RANGE WAS ORIENT 0D TO 60D, BUT THAT RESULTED IN NO SCHEDULABILITY IN RPS2. NEXT PREFERENCE IN ORIENT RANGE WAS ORIENT 340D TO 80D BUT THAT ALSO DID NOT PRODUCE ANY SCHEDULABILITY, THEREFORE THE ORIENT WAS REMOVED ALTOGETHER. Exposure_Number: 33 Target_Name: 5C12.251 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 34 Target_Name: 5C12.251 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 35 Target_Name: 5C12.251 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 36 Target_Name: 5C12.251 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Visit_Number: 06 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 220D TO 45D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: First preference on ORIENT was for range of ORIENT 220D TO 320D, but since it was found unschedulable by Spike, it was relaxed to ORIENT 220D TO 45D by the PI. If possible, however, STScI should try to keep as near as possible to original preference provided that sky background scattered light is not too bad at the ultimate chosen ORIENT. Exposure_Number: 37 Target_Name: 4C27.51 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 38 Target_Name: 4C27.51 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -9.0,-9.0 Comments: Exposure_Number: 39 Target_Name: 4C27.51 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Exposure_Number: 40 Target_Name: 4C27.51 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=no Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: EXPAND POS TARG -10.046,-10.046 Comments: Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM Blocking_Factor: 10 Ship_To: PI_Address Ship_Via: UPS Recipient_Email: ! Let us know what you think of this template and software! ! Please send a list of your likes and dislikes to your Program Coordinator !num_orbits: 20