! 6633_v3.prop - RAL - 3 May, 1996
!
! Target 4 replaced with new target, NGC 2685, at PI's request and with
! USCC approval. Updated coords for NGC 2685 and added preferred ORIENT.
!
! Proposal 6633, submission 1
! PI: Marcella Carollo
! Received Sat Feb 17 10:45:03 EST 1996
! From: mstiavel@stsci.edu
! +====================+
! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT |
! +====================+
!
! /nbolas/data1/CS/6633/6633.prop
! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 6.0e
! Date: Thu Feb 8 21:03:53 EST 1996
Proposal_Information
Title: Cusps or cores in barred bulges?
Proposal_Category: GO
Scientific_Category: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS
Cycle: 6
Investigators
PI_Name: Marcella Carollo
PI_Institution: Sterrewacht Leiden
CoI_Name: P.\ Tim de Zeeuw
CoI_Institution: Sterrewacht Leiden
Contact:
CoI_Name: Ken C. Freeman
CoI_Institution: Mt. Stromlo Obs.
Contact:
Abstract:
We request time with the WFPC2 to image the bulges of 9 barred
lenticular galaxies and those of 3 barred early-type spiral
galaxies. These are highly triaxial, tumbling, low-mass
stellar systems. They have mixed physical properties compared
to the massive, pressure-supported, triaxial giant ellipticals
(where HST has detected flat cores), and to the small, fast-
rotating, almost axisymmetric low-mass normal galaxies (where
HST has detected steep cusps). The nuclear properties of
barred galaxies will reveal essential information on (i) the
role of processes such as dissipation or merging in galaxy
formation and evolution, and (ii) the relevance of dynamical
effects (such as the appearance of box or stochastic orbits in
triaxial potentials) on the growth or disruption of steep
cusps. Our main goal is to determine: 1) the morphology of the
nuclei of barred systems, i.e., whether they are core- or cusp
-type; 2) the nuclear color gradients and the differences in
colors between the nuclei and the surrounding galactic
regions; 3) the presence of unresolved central point sources,
and their colors; and 4) the presence, distribution and
dynamical state of nuclear dust. For this purpose, we will
take B, V and I images for each target.
Questions
Observing_Description:
We will obtain broad band F450W (Johnson B), F555W (Johnson
V) and F814W (Johnson I) images for the 12 objects of our
sample. Ground-based photometry indicates central values of
surface brightness ranging from 17.5 to 18.7 V magnitudes per
square arcsec. Typical B-V colors are in the range 0.88-1.0
and V-I of about 1.2, with the exception of NGC 2633 (a
starforming IRAS source, B-V=0.60), NGC 3516 (a well-known
Seyfert, B-V=0.76) and NGC 4500 (a Markarian galaxy, B-
V=0.62). Previous WFPC2 observations of galactic nuclei show
that the nuclear surface brightness observed with HST is
usually about two magnitudes brighter in the central pixel
than the groundbased value (at ~ 2 arcsec). Therefore we
adopt 16.5 as a typical expected value for the central
surface brightness of our sources in V. Using the Exposure
Calculator available on the WFPC group Web page (and based on
eq. 6.1 and Tables 6.1 and 6.2 of the WFPC2 handbook) we
estimate the following exposure times: in F450W, 2600
seconds; in F555W, 1000 seconds; in F814W, 700 seconds. The
equivalent background (due to the combined effects of sky
emission, dark current and read-out-noise) is <100 photons,
and hence is negligible. On average, the implied total number
of photons per pixel is ~5000 in V and I, with a signal to
noise ratio of ~100 if the sample objects turn out to have
cuspy cores, or 50 otherwise. The signal-to-noise in the B
band should instead be about 40. The V and I S/N is of the
same order as the S/N of e.g., the WFPC2 images of Franx et
al.\\\\ (ID 5454) for early-type galaxies. Based on our
experience on these images (Carollo et al.\\\\ 1995), this S/N
is adequate for a proper investigation of the nuclear
properties of the galaxies of our sample. The total
integrations for each filter and target will be taken in two
separate exposures (CR-split), so as to allow an accurate
cosmic ray subtraction. The images will be taken with the
galaxies centered on PC1. Number of orbits \\\\medskip All
our galaxies are observable in CVZ. Therefore their
visibility is 96 minutes per orbit. Guide star acquisition
takes 8 minutes. A CR-split image requires a 5 minutes
overhead. The overheads are taken as given in the Proposal
Instruction Manual. The total overhead time is therefore 23
minutes, leaving 73 minutes on target. The estimated exposure
times for B, V and the I filters are such that 1 orbit per
galaxy is requested.
NOTE: Target 4, NGC 2842, has been replaced by NGC 2685 due to scheduling
difficulties at request of PI and with USCC approval.
Real_Time_Justification:
NONE
Calibration_Justification:
NONE
Additional_Comments:
Most of the targets are CVZ targets.
Fixed_Targets
Target_Number: 1
Target_Name: NGC1543
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=4H 12M 43.5S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-57D 44' 15.2" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02IC
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 1094
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 10.23
B-V = 0.95
Comments:
Target_Number: 2
Target_Name: NGC2633
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=8H 48M 04.14S +/- 0.1S,DEC=74D 05' 55.56" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L1
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 2169
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 11.65
B-V = 0.66
Comments:
Target_Number: 3
Target_Name: NGC2787
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=9H 19M 18.51S +/- 0.1S,DEC=69D 12' 11.1" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L2
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 649
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 10.59
B-V = 1.06
Comments:
Target_Number: 4
Target_Name: NGC2685
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,LENTICULAR,INTERACTING GALAXY,BULGE,POLAR RING
Position: RA=08H 55M 34.684S +/- 0.1S,DEC=58D 44' 03.33" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01OI
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 876
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 11.9
B-V = 0.83
Comments:
Target_Number: 5
Target_Name: NGC2880
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=9H 29M 34.57S +/- 0.1S,DEC=62D 29' 26.19" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02RH
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 1551
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 11.61
B-V = 0.92
Comments:
Target_Number: 6
Target_Name: NGC2950
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=9H 42M 35.12S +/- 0.1S,DEC=58D 51' 04.43" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02AH
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 1337
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 10.96
B-V = 0.90
Comments:
Target_Number: 7
Target_Name: NGC3516
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=11H 6M 47.51S +/- 0.1S,DEC=72D 34' 6.94" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L3
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 2624
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 11.54
B-V = 0.80
Comments:
Target_Number: 8
Target_Name: NGC3945
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=11H 53M 13.59S +/- 0.1S,DEC=60D 40' 32.1" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01QZ
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 1220
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 10.41
B-V = 0.95
Comments:
Target_Number: 9
Target_Name: NGC4500
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=12H 31M 22.19S +/- 0.1S,DEC=57D 57' 52.2" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01R1
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 3115
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 12.42
B-V = 0.60
Comments:
Target_Number: 10
Target_Name: NGC6654
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=18H 24M 07.53S +/- 0.1S,DEC=73D 10' 59.32" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L8
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 1891
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 11.44
B-V = 0.97
Comments:
Target_Number: 11
Target_Name: NGC6684
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=18H 48M 57.86S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-65D 10' 25.2" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02EU
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 847
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 10.17
B-V = 0.92
Comments:
Target_Number: 12
Target_Name: NGC7098
Alternate_Names:
Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,
Position: RA=21H 44M 16.68S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-75D 6' 39.4" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=00RM
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: V = 2399
RA_PM:
Dec_PM:
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux:
V = 10.70
B-V = 0.95
Comments:
Solar_System_Targets
Generic_Targets
Scan_Data
Visits
Visit_Number: 01
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 11
Target_Name: NGC1543
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 12
Target_Name: NGC1543
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 13
Target_Name: NGC1543
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 02
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 21
Target_Name: NGC2633
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 22
Target_Name: NGC2633
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 23
Target_Name: NGC2633
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 03
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 31
Target_Name: NGC2787
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 32
Target_Name: NGC2787
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 33
Target_Name: NGC2787
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 04
Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 160D TO 180D
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: This ORIENT range is strongly preferred for maximizing
the scientific content of the data in the Archive since
it may then be much more useful for multiple scientific
purposes, e.g. covering most of the polar ring and half
of the faint outer ring, but the ORIENT may be removed
completely by STScI if absolutely necessary for scheduling.
Exposure_Number: 41
Target_Name: NGC2685
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 42
Target_Name: NGC2685
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 43
Target_Name: NGC2685
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 05
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 51
Target_Name: NGC2880
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 52
Target_Name: NGC2880
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 53
Target_Name: NGC2880
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 06
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 61
Target_Name: NGC2950
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 62
Target_Name: NGC2950
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 63
Target_Name: NGC2950
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 07
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 71
Target_Name: NGC3516
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 72
Target_Name: NGC3516
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 73
Target_Name: NGC3516
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 08
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 81
Target_Name: NGC3945
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 82
Target_Name: NGC3945
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 83
Target_Name: NGC3945
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 09
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 91
Target_Name: NGC4500
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 92
Target_Name: NGC4500
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 93
Target_Name: NGC4500
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 10
Visit_Requirements:
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 1
Target_Name: NGC6654
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1900S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 3
Target_Name: NGC6654
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 550S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 11
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 14
Target_Name: NGC6684
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 15
Target_Name: NGC6684
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 16
Target_Name: NGC6684
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Visit_Number: 12
Visit_Requirements:
CVZ
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments:
Exposure_Number: 24
Target_Name: NGC7098
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F450W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 25
Target_Name: NGC7098
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F555W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Exposure_Number: 26
Target_Name: NGC7098
Config: WFPC2
Opmode: IMAGE
Aperture: PC1-FIX
Sp_Element: F814W
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 950S
Special_Requirements:
Comments:
Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired
Medium: 8MM
Blocking_Factor: 10
Ship_To: PI_Address
Ship_Via:
Recipient_Email:
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