! 6633_v3.prop - RAL - 3 May, 1996 ! ! Target 4 replaced with new target, NGC 2685, at PI's request and with ! USCC approval. Updated coords for NGC 2685 and added preferred ORIENT. ! ! Proposal 6633, submission 1 ! PI: Marcella Carollo ! Received Sat Feb 17 10:45:03 EST 1996 ! From: mstiavel@stsci.edu ! +====================+ ! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT | ! +====================+ ! ! /nbolas/data1/CS/6633/6633.prop ! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 6.0e ! Date: Thu Feb 8 21:03:53 EST 1996 Proposal_Information Title: Cusps or cores in barred bulges? Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_Name: Marcella Carollo PI_Institution: Sterrewacht Leiden CoI_Name: P.\ Tim de Zeeuw CoI_Institution: Sterrewacht Leiden Contact: CoI_Name: Ken C. Freeman CoI_Institution: Mt. Stromlo Obs. Contact: Abstract: We request time with the WFPC2 to image the bulges of 9 barred lenticular galaxies and those of 3 barred early-type spiral galaxies. These are highly triaxial, tumbling, low-mass stellar systems. They have mixed physical properties compared to the massive, pressure-supported, triaxial giant ellipticals (where HST has detected flat cores), and to the small, fast- rotating, almost axisymmetric low-mass normal galaxies (where HST has detected steep cusps). The nuclear properties of barred galaxies will reveal essential information on (i) the role of processes such as dissipation or merging in galaxy formation and evolution, and (ii) the relevance of dynamical effects (such as the appearance of box or stochastic orbits in triaxial potentials) on the growth or disruption of steep cusps. Our main goal is to determine: 1) the morphology of the nuclei of barred systems, i.e., whether they are core- or cusp -type; 2) the nuclear color gradients and the differences in colors between the nuclei and the surrounding galactic regions; 3) the presence of unresolved central point sources, and their colors; and 4) the presence, distribution and dynamical state of nuclear dust. For this purpose, we will take B, V and I images for each target. Questions Observing_Description: We will obtain broad band F450W (Johnson B), F555W (Johnson V) and F814W (Johnson I) images for the 12 objects of our sample. Ground-based photometry indicates central values of surface brightness ranging from 17.5 to 18.7 V magnitudes per square arcsec. Typical B-V colors are in the range 0.88-1.0 and V-I of about 1.2, with the exception of NGC 2633 (a starforming IRAS source, B-V=0.60), NGC 3516 (a well-known Seyfert, B-V=0.76) and NGC 4500 (a Markarian galaxy, B- V=0.62). Previous WFPC2 observations of galactic nuclei show that the nuclear surface brightness observed with HST is usually about two magnitudes brighter in the central pixel than the groundbased value (at ~ 2 arcsec). Therefore we adopt 16.5 as a typical expected value for the central surface brightness of our sources in V. Using the Exposure Calculator available on the WFPC group Web page (and based on eq. 6.1 and Tables 6.1 and 6.2 of the WFPC2 handbook) we estimate the following exposure times: in F450W, 2600 seconds; in F555W, 1000 seconds; in F814W, 700 seconds. The equivalent background (due to the combined effects of sky emission, dark current and read-out-noise) is <100 photons, and hence is negligible. On average, the implied total number of photons per pixel is ~5000 in V and I, with a signal to noise ratio of ~100 if the sample objects turn out to have cuspy cores, or 50 otherwise. The signal-to-noise in the B band should instead be about 40. The V and I S/N is of the same order as the S/N of e.g., the WFPC2 images of Franx et al.\\\\ (ID 5454) for early-type galaxies. Based on our experience on these images (Carollo et al.\\\\ 1995), this S/N is adequate for a proper investigation of the nuclear properties of the galaxies of our sample. The total integrations for each filter and target will be taken in two separate exposures (CR-split), so as to allow an accurate cosmic ray subtraction. The images will be taken with the galaxies centered on PC1. Number of orbits \\\\medskip All our galaxies are observable in CVZ. Therefore their visibility is 96 minutes per orbit. Guide star acquisition takes 8 minutes. A CR-split image requires a 5 minutes overhead. The overheads are taken as given in the Proposal Instruction Manual. The total overhead time is therefore 23 minutes, leaving 73 minutes on target. The estimated exposure times for B, V and the I filters are such that 1 orbit per galaxy is requested. NOTE: Target 4, NGC 2842, has been replaced by NGC 2685 due to scheduling difficulties at request of PI and with USCC approval. Real_Time_Justification: NONE Calibration_Justification: NONE Additional_Comments: Most of the targets are CVZ targets. Fixed_Targets Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: NGC1543 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=4H 12M 43.5S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-57D 44' 15.2" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02IC Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 1094 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 10.23 B-V = 0.95 Comments: Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: NGC2633 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=8H 48M 04.14S +/- 0.1S,DEC=74D 05' 55.56" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L1 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 2169 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 11.65 B-V = 0.66 Comments: Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: NGC2787 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=9H 19M 18.51S +/- 0.1S,DEC=69D 12' 11.1" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L2 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 649 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 10.59 B-V = 1.06 Comments: Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: NGC2685 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL,LENTICULAR,INTERACTING GALAXY,BULGE,POLAR RING Position: RA=08H 55M 34.684S +/- 0.1S,DEC=58D 44' 03.33" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01OI Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 876 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 11.9 B-V = 0.83 Comments: Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: NGC2880 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=9H 29M 34.57S +/- 0.1S,DEC=62D 29' 26.19" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02RH Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 1551 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 11.61 B-V = 0.92 Comments: Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: NGC2950 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=9H 42M 35.12S +/- 0.1S,DEC=58D 51' 04.43" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02AH Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 1337 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 10.96 B-V = 0.90 Comments: Target_Number: 7 Target_Name: NGC3516 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=11H 6M 47.51S +/- 0.1S,DEC=72D 34' 6.94" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L3 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 2624 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 11.54 B-V = 0.80 Comments: Target_Number: 8 Target_Name: NGC3945 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=11H 53M 13.59S +/- 0.1S,DEC=60D 40' 32.1" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01QZ Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 1220 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 10.41 B-V = 0.95 Comments: Target_Number: 9 Target_Name: NGC4500 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=12H 31M 22.19S +/- 0.1S,DEC=57D 57' 52.2" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01R1 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 3115 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 12.42 B-V = 0.60 Comments: Target_Number: 10 Target_Name: NGC6654 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=18H 24M 07.53S +/- 0.1S,DEC=73D 10' 59.32" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=01L8 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 1891 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 11.44 B-V = 0.97 Comments: Target_Number: 11 Target_Name: NGC6684 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=18H 48M 57.86S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-65D 10' 25.2" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=02EU Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 847 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 10.17 B-V = 0.92 Comments: Target_Number: 12 Target_Name: NGC7098 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,SPIRAL, Position: RA=21H 44M 16.68S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-75D 6' 39.4" +/- 0.1",PLATE-ID=00RM Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 2399 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 10.70 B-V = 0.95 Comments: Solar_System_Targets Generic_Targets Scan_Data Visits Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 11 Target_Name: NGC1543 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 12 Target_Name: NGC1543 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 13 Target_Name: NGC1543 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 21 Target_Name: NGC2633 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 22 Target_Name: NGC2633 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 23 Target_Name: NGC2633 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 31 Target_Name: NGC2787 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 32 Target_Name: NGC2787 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 33 Target_Name: NGC2787 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 04 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 160D TO 180D CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: This ORIENT range is strongly preferred for maximizing the scientific content of the data in the Archive since it may then be much more useful for multiple scientific purposes, e.g. covering most of the polar ring and half of the faint outer ring, but the ORIENT may be removed completely by STScI if absolutely necessary for scheduling. Exposure_Number: 41 Target_Name: NGC2685 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 42 Target_Name: NGC2685 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 43 Target_Name: NGC2685 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 05 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 51 Target_Name: NGC2880 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 52 Target_Name: NGC2880 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 53 Target_Name: NGC2880 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 06 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 61 Target_Name: NGC2950 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 62 Target_Name: NGC2950 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 63 Target_Name: NGC2950 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 07 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 71 Target_Name: NGC3516 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 72 Target_Name: NGC3516 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 73 Target_Name: NGC3516 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 08 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 81 Target_Name: NGC3945 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 82 Target_Name: NGC3945 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 83 Target_Name: NGC3945 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 09 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 91 Target_Name: NGC4500 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 92 Target_Name: NGC4500 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 93 Target_Name: NGC4500 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 10 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: NGC6654 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1900S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: NGC6654 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 11 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 14 Target_Name: NGC6684 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 15 Target_Name: NGC6684 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 16 Target_Name: NGC6684 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 12 Visit_Requirements: CVZ On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 24 Target_Name: NGC7098 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F450W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.429 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2100S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 25 Target_Name: NGC7098 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F555W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.417 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 26 Target_Name: NGC7098 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=0.389 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Data_Distribution ! 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