! +====================+ ! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT | ! +====================+ ! ! /yon/data1/nkede/proposals/6598.prop ! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 7.0.1e ! Date: Thu Mar 06 09:13:33 EST 1997 Proposal_Information Title: The Reddest Objects in the Universe Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: COSMOLOGY Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_Name: Arjun Dey PI_Institution: National Optical Astronomy Observatories/Kitt Peak National Observatory CoI_Name: James R. Graham CoI_Institution: University of California, Berkeley Contact: CoI_Name: Hyron Spinrad CoI_Institution: University of California, Berkeley Contact: CoI_Name: Kurt Adelberger CoI_Institution: Caltech Contact: CoI_Name: Charles Steidel CoI_Institution: Caltech Contact: Abstract: Recent deep K--band imaging surveys have discovered a new population of infrared bright, extremely red (R-K~gt 6), objects (EROS). There are no optical spectra for these bizarre objects on account of their faintness (R ~gt 24.5), and therefore their nature and redshift are uncertain. However we do have some intriguing clues which suggest that HST imaging will be decisive in unraveling this engima. The EROS are common: their surface density is similar to that of luminous quasars. They are just spatially resolved in IR Keck images with 0.''4 seeing, and therefore they are almost certainly distant galaxies. IR spectra from Keck of one object suggests z = 1.44. Very red colors would then follow naturally from shifting of the 4000Angstrom\ break to 1 Mu m. If all the EROS are at moderate redshifts (z~ 1-2), their luminosities are several L^* and their volume space density is comparable to that of active galaxies of similar luminosity. The morphology of the EROS will provide a major clue to their nature -- are they ellipticals, disks or disturbed system? The EROS are small with sizes of about 0.''5 and only HST offers the spatial resolution necessary provide this information. Therefore, we propose to obtain broad band images using the F814W filter in order to determine the morphologies and surface photometry of these objects. This program will complement an ongoing Keck imaging and spectroscopic study of these objects at near infrared wavelengths. Questions Observing_Description: We propose to image a small sample of very red, radio quiet, galaxies in the F814W filter. The objects in the sample are very faint, and typically have I magnitudes in the range 23 < I < 25. Since some of the objects may be very low surface brightness and diffuse, we estimate that we will require roughly two orbits per target in order to get morphological information on the objects and to aid in cosmic ray removal. We will image each target on a WF CCD and use pixel substepping to slightly increase our sampling and better the resolution. Our choice of using the WF CCD resolution rather than the PC is a compromise between using the better sensitivity of the WF CCDs to diffuse objects, and still regaining some of the resolution if the objects are very centrally nucleated and compact. In 5400s through the F814W filter, we estimate that we should be able to detect (at 5Sigma) surface brightnesses of 24.7 AB mag/sq.arcsec.\\\\\\\\ (0.47MuJy/sq.arcsec.) in a 3* 3 pixel (0.''3*0.''3) aperture on the WF2 CCD. Our point source 5Sigma detection threshold will be ~ 27.9 AB mag (0.026MuJy). We therefore request two orbits per target, or a total of 20 orbits for this project. Real_Time_Justification: None. We have begun a near--IR spectroscopic and imaging study of these objects using the W.\\\\\\\\ M.\\\\\\\\ Keck Telescope. In addition, some HST observations (in bluer bands than those proposed here) of a few of the target fields already exist, but in many cases are of insufficient signal--to--noise ratio (either because of the observed wavelength or due to the short integration) for a detailed study of the morphology of the red objects. The combination of the spectroscopy (for redshift and possible emission line ratios / continuum break indices), broad band optical and near--IR colors, and optical and IR morphologies at high spatial resolution (~ 0"per1 in the optical with HST, and ~ 0"per5 with NIRC on Keck) will provide us with all the information necessary to understand this high space density population of mysterious objects. Calibration_Justification: Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: ERO0424+0204A Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY Position: RA=4H 24M 8.54S +/- 0.1S,DEC=2D 4' 25.0" +/- 1" Equinox: 2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: R = 24.9 Comments: Position listed is for QSO in field Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: ERO0905+3408A Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY Position: RA=09H 5M 30.5S +/- 0.1S,DEC=34D 8' 9.7" +/- 1" Equinox: 2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: R = 24.4 Comments: Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: ERO1019+0535A Alternate_Names: HR10 Description: GALAXY,HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY Position: RA=10H 19M 32.81S +/- 0.1S,DEC=05D 34' 35.2" +/- 1" Equinox: 2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: R = 25.3 Comments: Position listed is for ERO Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: ERO1215-0034 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY Position: RA=12H 15M 47.72S +/- 0.1S,DEC=-0D 34' 34.4" +/- 1" Equinox: 2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: R = 24.5 Comments: Position listed is for ERO R6 Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: ERO1645+4626A Alternate_Names: HR10 Description: GALAXY,HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY Position: RA=16H 45M 2.35S +/- 0.1S,DEC=46D 26' 26.9" +/- 1" Equinox: 2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: R = 25 Comments: Position listed is for HR10 Solar_System_Targets Generic_Targets Scan_Data Visits Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 90D TO 97D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: ERO0424+0204A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1140 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.0,0.0 Comments: Positioning QSO at the `optimal' WF3 position Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: ERO0424+0204A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1140 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 1 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: ERO0424+0204A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.55,0.55 Comments: Dithering by dX=0.55" from previous position Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: ERO0424+0204A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 3 Comments: Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: ERO0905+3408A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF2 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Positioning ERO at optimal WF2 position Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: ERO0905+3408A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF2 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 1 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: ERO0905+3408A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF2 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.55,0.55 Comments: Dithering by dX=+0.55" from previous position Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: ERO0905+3408A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF2 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 3 Comments: Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: ERO1019+0535A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1170 S Special_Requirements: Comments: Positioning ERO at optimal WF3 position Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: ERO1019+0535A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1170 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 1 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: ERO1019+0535A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.55,0.55 Comments: Dithering by dX=0.55" from previous position Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: ERO1019+0535A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 3 Comments: Visit_Number: 04 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 277D TO 283D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: ERO1215-0034 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1180 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -28.4,27.1 Comments: Positioning R6 at (X,Y)=(-28.4",27.1") from WF4-FIX Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: ERO1215-0034 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1180 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 1 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: ERO1215-0034 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1180 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -27.85,26.55 Comments: Dithering R6 by dY=-0.55" from previous position Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: ERO1215-0034 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1280 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 3 Comments: Visit_Number: 05 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 180D TO 213D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: ERO1645+4626A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.0,0.0 Comments: Positioning HR10 at optimal WF3 position Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: ERO1645+4626A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 1 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: ERO1645+4626A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300 S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.55,0.55 Comments: Dithering by dX=0.55" from previous position Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: ERO1645+4626A Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3-FIX Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1400 S Special_Requirements: SAME POS AS 3 Comments: Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM Ship_To: Dr. Arjun Dey, NOAO/KPNO, 950 N. Cherry Ave., P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732 Recipient_Email: dey@noao.edu ! Let us know what you think of this template and software! ! Please send a list of your likes and dislikes to your Program Coordinator