! Proposal 6593, submission 1
! PI: Dr. John Stocke
! Received Mon Feb 5 19:43:01 EST 1996
! From: spenton@casa.Colorado.EDU
! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template
! $Id: 6593,v 6.1 1996/08/09 18:08:04 pepsa Exp $
! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template
! $Id: 6593,v 6.1 1996/08/09 18:08:04 pepsa Exp $
!
! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out
!
! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted
!
! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the
! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be
! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas
!
! For help call your Program Coordinator: Taylor
! Phone: 410-338-4824 , E-mail: dctaylor@stsci.edu
!
! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal.
! Name of Phase I Proposal: archive-0522.stocke.prop
! Date generated: Fri Dec 22 18:36:44 EST 1995
!
Proposal_Information ! Section 4
Title: ORIGIN AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN THE
LOCAL Ly-alpha FOREST
Proposal_Category: GO
Scientific_Category: QSO ABSORPTION LINES
Cycle: 6
Investigators
PI_name: Dr. John Stocke
PI_Institution: University of Colorado, Boulder
CoI_Name: Dr. Michael Shull
CoI_Institution: University of Colorado, Boulder
Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact)
CoI_Name: Mr. Steven Penton
CoI_Institution: University of Colorado, Boulder
Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact)
CoI_Name: Dr. Ray Weymann
CoI_Institution: Carnegie Observatories
Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact)
CoI_Name: Dr. Simon Morris
CoI_Institution: Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact)
Abstract: ! Free format text (please update)
We propose to use the GHRS+G160M grating to study the local Ly
-alpha forest at high spectral resolution to better understand
the origin and physical conditions of these clouds and their
relationship (if any) to galaxies. Our targets are 7 very
bright AGN with cz ~ 10,000 kms. Our program on Ly-alpha
clouds differs in 3 important respects from the Absorption-
Line Key Project and subsequent GHRS and FOS low-resolution
projects: (1) It probes the very low column-density regime of
Ly-alpha clouds, which may represent the low-redshift analogs
of the very low metallicity high-redshift Ly-alpha clouds; (2)
It is restricted to cz < 20,000 kms, allowing detailed ground-
based studies of nearby galaxies with spectroscopy, H Alpha
imaging, and 21 cm maps to very low luminosities; (3) It
yields line profiles (Doppler widths, ionH1 columns, multiple
components) at a resolution of ~15 kms (~10 times the FOS
resolution) for cloud model discrimination. Our previous
GHRS/G160M work showed that, unlike the high column density
clouds, the low-N_H Ly-alpha clouds cluster only weakly with
galaxies. However, there is no convincing case, among 24 GHRS
clouds at cz < 20,000 kms examined thus far, for a
cloud/galaxy association within 200 kpc. We detect 3--4 clouds
in voids but our current statistics suggest that Ly-alpha
clouds ``avoid the voids''. Our proposal will nearly double
the number of high S/N Ly-alpha lines, double the number of
nearby galaxy halos probed at D <= 750 kpc for weak Ly-alpha
lines, and nearly double the pathlength through voids.
Questions ! Free format text (please update)
Observing_Description:
We propose to use the GHRS + G160M to obtain single spectra
of 6 bright AGN with moderate redshift and sufficient flux >2
* 10^-14 ergs cm^-2 s^-1 Angstrom to obtain high-quality
spectra in <= 10 orbits. The exposure times for these targets
required to obtain S/N = 20 (4 Sigma limiting Ly-alpha
equivalent width of 40 mAngstrom), range from 2--9 orbits for
a total request of 32 orbits. The AGN targets have been
chosen on the basis of mean fluxes from the Colorado IUE-AGN
database of SWP spectra (Penton, Shull, & Edelson 1994) --
they are the brightest AGN with cz_em > 8000 kms in the sky.
We winnowed the list of 10 such targets to the current 7 to
maximize the pathlength, minimize the number of HST orbits,
and to observe only those targets which STIS will not be more
efficient in observing. Since STIS's primary advantage is a
much broader wavelength coverage, we propose here only those
targets for which the entire pathlength, or the remaining
pathlength for Ly-alpha, can be observed with one GHRS/G160M
setting. Three of our targets are in the high-efficiency
``continuous viewing zone''. For 5 targets, we will obtain
one G160M exposure at ``setting 1'' (1222--1258 Angstrom).
The higher AGN redshifts of PKS 2155-304 and Fairall 9 allow
us to push out farther in wavelength, with an additional 36
Angstrom setting. PKS 2155-304 and Fairall 9 already have
scheduled or completed observations for our program in
``setting 1''. The target Mrk 279 (7 orbits) was chosen
because of its extraordinary long pathlength available for Ly
-alpha searches through a local void. In Cycles 2 and 4, we
chose 4 targets behind voids defined by galaxy survey data,
in strips limited in solid angle. For Cycle 6, we will relax
the condition that the targets lie behind galaxy redshift
survey areas and will conduct our own pencil-beam surveys
around each sightline, as was done for 3C 273 (Morris et al.
1993).
Real_Time_Justification:
None.
We will conduct a 1degrees-radius pencil-beam survey of
galaxy redshifts around each sightline, at Las Campanas for
southern targets and at either CFHT or the WIYN telescope in
the north. Each telescope has efficient multi-object
spectroscopy capability to allow prompt sensitive surveys. We
will also conduct sensitive 21 cm searches for ionH1
potentially associated with the Ly-alpha clouds using the
VLA. Although we are aware that the 21 cm transition cannot
detect the low column densities detected by our Ly-alpha
survey, it is possible to detect higher column density
material associated with tidal tails, low surface brightness
galaxies, or intergalactic ionH1 clouds (as we have already
done in some cases; Carilli et al. 1996). These very nearby
systems are the only ones for which ionH1 21 cm emission
mapping is feasible for detecting normal or dwarf galaxies;
the FOS detected Ly-alpha lines are just too distant. Using
Fabry-Perot or narrow-band filters, we can also search for H
Alpha emission associated with incipient star formation in
related low-surface brightness objects.
Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification
Additional_Comments:
Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1
Target_Number: 1
Target_Name: MARK817
Alternate_Names: 1434+590
Description: Galaxy, Seyfert
Position: RA=14H 36M 22.068S +/- 0.1S,
DEC=58D 47' 39.386" +/- 0.1",
PLATE-ID=01RR
Equinox: 2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.033
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=13.79+/-0.1,B-V=0.40+/-0.1
Comments:
Target_Number: 2
Target_Name: ESO141-G55
Alternate_Names: 1916-584
Description: Galaxy, Seyfert
Position: RA=19H 21M 14.287S +/- 0.1S,
DEC=-58D 40' 14.869" +/- 0.1",
PLATE-ID=03D3
Equinox: 2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.037
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=13.64+/-0.1,B-V=0.19+/-0.1
Comments:
Target_Number: 3
Target_Name: MARK279
Alternate_Names: 1351+69
Description: Galaxy, Seyfert
Position: RA=13H 53M 03.447S +/- 0.1S,
DEC=69D 18' 29.567" +/- 0.1",
PLATE-ID=0001
Equinox: 2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.031
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=14.46+/-0.1,B-V=0.69+/-0.1
Comments:
Target_Number: 4
Target_Name: FAIRALL9
Alternate_Names: Q0121-590
Description: Galaxy, Quasar
Position: RA=01H 23M 45.705S +/- 0.1S,
DEC=-58D 48' 21.580" +/- 0.1",
PLATE-ID=02IB
Equinox: 2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.047
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=13.83+/-0.1,B-V=0.43+/-0.1
Comments:
Target_Number: 5
Target_Name: PKS2155-304
Alternate_Names: 2155-304
Description: Galaxy, BL Lac
Position: RA=21H 58M 52.02S +/- 0.3S,
DEC=-30D 13' 32.300" +/- 3.0",
PLATE-ID=02J3
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.1165
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=13.09+/-0.1,B-V=0.27+/-0.1
Comments:
Target_Number: 6
Target_Name: AKN120
Alternate_Names: MARK1095
Description: Galaxy, Seyfert
Position: RA=05H 16M 11.421S +/- 0.1S,
DEC=-00D 08' 59.377" +/- 0.1",
PLATE-ID=01O3
Equinox: J2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.033
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=13.92+/-0.1,B-V=0.38+/-0.1
Comments:
Target_Number: 7
Target_Name: MARK509
Alternate_Names: Q2041-310
Description: Galaxy, Quasar
Position: RA=20H 44M 9.759S +/- 0.1S,
DEC=-10D 43' 24.500" +/- 0.1",
PLATE-ID=00E1
Equinox: 2000
RV_or_Z: Z=0.035
RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year
Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year
Epoch:
Annual_Parallax:
Flux: V=13.12+/-0.1,B-V=0.23+/-0.1
Comments:
! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure
! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed
Visits ! Section 6
Visit_Number: 1
Visit_Requirements: CVZ ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: MARK817-CVZ-5 ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 10 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK817
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 11-13
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 11 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK817
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 14
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part I, 14 x 680S, 31S unused
Exposure_Number: 12 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK817
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 13
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1,Part II, 13 x 680S, 31s unused
Exposure_Number: 13 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK817
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 12
Time_Per_Exposure: 707.2S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1,Part III, 12 x 707.2S
Visit_Number: 2
Visit_Requirements: CVZ ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: E141-G55_CVZ-3_ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 20 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: ESO141-G55
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 21-22
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 21 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: ESO141-G55
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 11
Time_Per_Exposure: 707.2S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, 3 CVZ orbits , complete , 39s unused
Exposure_Number: 22 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: ESO141-G55
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 11
Time_Per_Exposure: 707.2S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, 3 CVZ orbits , complete , 39s unused
Visit_Number: 3
Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: MARK279_7ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 30 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK279
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 31-34
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 31 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK279
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 9
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, 7 orbits, Part I, 9 x 680 S, 33S unused
Exposure_Number: 32 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK279
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 9
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part II, 9x680S, 33S unused
Exposure_Number: 33 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK279
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 9
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part III, 9x680S, 33S unused
Exposure_Number: 34 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK279
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 2
Time_Per_Exposure: 761.6S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part IV, 2 x 761.6, 33S unused
Visit_Number: 4
Visit_Requirements: CVZ ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: FAIRALL9_4_CVZ_ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 40 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: FAIRALL9
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 41-42
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 41 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: FAIRALL9
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1237.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 23
Time_Per_Exposure: 625.6S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#0, 4 CVZ orbits, 23x23 (10.42m), 56s unused
Exposure_Number: 42 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: FAIRALL9
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1257.5
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 11
Time_Per_Exposure: 625.6S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1.5, 4 CVZ orbits, 11x23 (10.42m), 56s unused
Visit_Number: 5
Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: PKS2155-304_3_ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 50 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: PKS2155-304
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 51-52
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 51 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: PKS2155-304
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1276.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 6
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#2, 3 orbits, Part I, 6 x 680 S, 24S unused
Exposure_Number: 52 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: PKS2155-304
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1276.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 5
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#2, 3 orbits, Part II, 5 x 680 S, 24S unused
Visit_Number: 6
Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: AKN120_8ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 60 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: AKN120
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 61-64
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 61 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: AKN120
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 9
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part I, 9*680, 8 orbits, 17s unused
Exposure_Number: 62 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: AKN120
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 9
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part II, 9x680, 8 orbits, 17s unused
Exposure_Number: 63 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: AKN120
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 9
Time_Per_Exposure: 680S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part III, 9*680S, 8 orbits
Exposure_Number: 64 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: AKN120
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1240.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 4
Time_Per_Exposure: 652.8S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#1, Part IV, 4*652.8, 8 orbits
Visit_Number: 7
Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1
On_Hold_Comments:
Visit_Comments: MARK509_2ORBITS
Exposure_Number: 70 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK509
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACQ
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2
Wavelength:
Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN
Number_of_Iterations: 1
Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S
Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 71
Comments: STEP-TIME=1.5S
Exposure_Number: 71 ! Section 6.5
Target_Name: MARK509
Config: HRS
Opmode: ACCUM
Aperture: 2.0
Sp_Element: G160M
Wavelength: 1237.0
Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=NO,DOPPLER=ON,STEP-PATT=5
Number_of_Iterations: 7
Time_Per_Exposure: 652.8S
Special_Requirements:
Comments: SETTING#0, 2 orbits, complete, 45 sec unused
Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired
Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI
Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1
! Only astronomers with very old 9-
! track tape drives should consider
! a blocking factor of 1
Ship_To: PI_Address ! STSCI or PI_Address or <free-text>
! PI Address from Phase I is:
!
! CASA--Campus Box 389
! Boulder
! 80309-0389
!
!
Ship_Via: UPS ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT
! Overnight shipping done at PI expense
Recipient_Email: ! Needed if Ship_To: is not PI_Address
! <free-text>
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