! Proposal 6548, submission 1 ! PI: Joel Bregman ! Received Tue Feb 6 13:37:47 EST 1996 ! From: jbregman@astro.lsa.umich.edu ! +====================+ ! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT | ! +====================+ ! ! /n/Jnb/hst/Clusters/6548.prop ! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 6.0e ! Date: Tue Feb 6 13:32:01 EST 1996 Proposal_Information Title: The Cool Interstellar Medium in Hot Clusters of Galaxies Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_Name: Joel Bregman PI_Institution: University of Michigan CoI_Name: Patricia Knezek CoI_Institution: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Contact: Abstract: Three important phenomena can produce cool absorbing gas in rich clusters of galaxies: stripping of galactic gas by the hot ambient medium; infall of cool gas into the cluster; and the radiative cooling of the hot gas in the cluster core (cooling flows). Fortunately, each mechanism has a distinctive signature through its spatial distribution and metallicity. We propose FOS observations to detect UV resonance absorption lines against QSOs that are projected behind rich clusters whose hot gas properties are well- studied. These lines of sight range from the inner to the outer parts of both cooling flow and non-cooling flow clusters. These observations will be powerful diagnostics in understanding cool gas production mechanisms and in characterizing the absorbing properties of clusters, which will be valuable for understanding quasar absorption statistics. Questions Observing_Description: We propose to obtain single spectra for each object with the G270H plus Red Digicon on the FOS with the 0sec point9 aperture. The G270H observation (2230 - 3270 Angstrom) covers the ionMg2 doublet near 2798 Angstrom as well as a series of ionFe2 lines, and our goal is to obtain a signal-to -noise of at least 30 per diode at the ionMg2 doublet. For S/N = 30 in 2 Angstrom diodes, an equivalent width of 1 Angstrom will be a 15 Sigma detection, so even a 0.2 Angstrom equivalent width will be a 3 Sigma detection. The ionMg2 doublet is often measured to have equivalent widths of 0.2-2 Angstrom in quasar absorption line systems, so if these clusters are responsible for some of these systems, they will be detected. From first principles, the stronger ionMg2 line reaches an optical depth of unity for N(HI) = 7.6 x10^17 ( b/50 km s^-1) H/Mg cm^-2, when it would have an equivalent width of 0.6 ( b/50 kms)Angstrom. From our estimates (above), we expect a column of this value or greater, so an equivalent width of 0.2-2 Angstrom is a sensible expectation. The series of ionFe2 lines have lower opacity, so if the ionMg2 lines are saturated (as can be determined from their ratio), the ionFe2 lines will be an aid to determining the column of material and its metallicity (at least some of these lines are likely to be detected with equivalent widths >~ 0.2 Angstrom) The flux densities at the redshifted positions of the ionMg2 doublet are not known from direct observation, but we have estimated them by using a template spectrum for the optical-ultraviolet region (McDowell 1994) and the Galactic extinction. These sources may be a bit brighter in the UV than McDowell's mean AGN spectrum because they are X-ray bight objects. As an example, for the AGN projected behind Abell 119 (a flux density of 7.95 x10^-17 erg cm^-2 s^-1 AA^-1 at 5500 Angstrom; Table 2), the flux density at the ionMg2 doublet (2924 Angstrom) is 2.75 x10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1 AA^-1 (differential absorption is included in this calculation). After accounting for guide star acquisition, Binary Search acquisition, and instrumental overheads, three orbits will result in an effective exposure time of 121 minutes and a S/N = 31.6. Similar calculations were performed for each target to determine the observing times in this program; acquisition of all targets will take place with the Binary Search on the FOS. The S/N will be close to or above 30 for all but the first target, which will have S/N = 24.1. Real_Time_Justification: None. Calibration_Justification: Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: QSO0020+287 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=00H 20M 38.01S +/- 1.0",DEC=28D 42' 30.80" +/- 1",PLATE-ID=01H5 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: J1982.8 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 19.3+/-0.7 Comments: The RA/DEC from the DSS differs from that measured on the POSS with a measuring engine, so we wish to remeasure the location of the object. If possible, this should be scheduled in the latter half of the year (after July), which will permit us to determine updated magnitudes. NOTE: Coords updated as per PI. - RAL - 9 April, 1996. Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: QSO0056-010 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=00H 56M 7.08S +/- 0.7",DEC=-1D 03' 40.09" +/- 0.7",PLATE-ID=023A Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: J1982.55 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 19.0+/-0.7 Comments: If convenient, schedule after July so that updated magnitudes can be obtained. Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: QSO0107-156 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=1H 09M 31.55S +/- 0.8",DEC=-15D 21' 51.6" +/- 0.8",PLATE-ID=03Y7 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: J1983.70 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 18.2+/-0.6 Comments: If convenient, schedule after July so that updated magnitudes can be obtained. NOTE: There were no magnitude updates given by the time this target had to be flight ready so the original values stand. - RAL - 6/24/96 Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: QSO0909-095 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=9H 9M 30.74S +/- 0.7",DEC=-9D 32' 24.23" +/- 0.7",PLATE-ID=01MM Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: J1982.08 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 18.31+/-0.7 Comments: Flux updated as per PI. - RAL - 9 April, 1996. Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: QSO1127+269 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=11H 27M 36.39S +/- 1.0",DEC=26D 54' 50.33" +/- 1.0",PLATE-ID=019K Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: J1984.17 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 16.75+/-0.8 Comments: Flux updated as per PI. - RAL - 9 April, 1996. Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: QSO1348+263 Alternate_Names: Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=13H 48M 48.30S +/- 1.2",DEC=26D 22' 20.2" +/- 1.2",PLATE-ID=019J Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.0 Dec_PM: 0.0 Epoch: J1982.39 Annual_Parallax: 0.0 Flux: V = 18.00+/-0.8 Comments: Flux updated as per PI. - RAL - 9 April, 1996. Target_Number: 7 Target_Name: QSO0909-095-HOPR Alternate_Names: QSO0909-095 Description: GALAXY,QSO, Position: RA=9H 9M 30.74S +/- 0.7",DEC=-9D 32' 24.23" +/- 0.7",PLATE-ID=01MM Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: Flux: V = 18.31+/-0.7 Comments: Flux updated as per PI. - RAL - 9 April, 1996. Epoch info dropped for HOPR repeat as it was always unnecessary and was now causing errors with new s/w. The epoch info is implicitly accounted for by the GS Plate ID. This target was added for purposes of the HOPR repeat since using the original one ( which did not otherwise need to be changed ) with the Epoch was causing errors and because the system does not allow changes to targets that have already been observed. This target is otherwise the same target as the original Target 4, QSO0909-095. Solar_System_Targets Generic_Targets Scan_Data Visits Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO0020+287 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 148S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO0020+287 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 8750S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO0056-010 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 110S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO0056-010 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 6300S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO0107-156 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 53S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO0107-156 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 3950S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 04 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO0909-095 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 100S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO0909-095 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 8730S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 05 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO1127+269 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 18S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO1127+269 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 4030S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 06 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO1348+263 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 84S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO1348+263 Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 6390S Special_Requirements: Comments: Visit_Number: 54 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: HOPR Repeat for Visit 04 Exposure_Number: 10 Target_Name: QSO0909-095-HOPR Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 100S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 Comments: HOPR Repeat Exposure_Number: 20 Target_Name: QSO0909-095-HOPR Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 1.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 8730S Special_Requirements: Comments: HOPR Repeat Data_Distribution ! 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