! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6541,v 9.1 1996/07/31 20:35:15 pepsa Exp $ ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 6 (1996) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6541,v 9.1 1996/07/31 20:35:15 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Manning ! Phone: 410-338-4456 , E-mail: manning@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Name of Phase I Proposal: archive-0393.cardelli.prop ! Date generated: Fri Dec 22 16:50:33 EST 1995 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Interstellar Cadmium: Probing Galactic Chemical Evolution Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM Cycle: 6 Investigators PI_name: Ulysses J. Sofia PI_Institution: Villanova University CoI_Name: David Meyer CoI_Institution: Northwestern University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose a study to obtain high quality interstellar abundance data (i.e. S/N ~ 500-1000) for the heavy atom Cd (Z = 48), an element produced mainly by s-process neutron capture in intermediate-to-low mass AGB stars, to explore nucleosynthetic enrichment in the ISM. The only existing ISM measure of Cd, in a sight line characterized by large gas depletions onto dust, yields an abundance consistent with the solar value. However, since Cd should be chemically similar to Zn, an element with a common outer electron shell structure but which is depleted from solar by at least a factor 3 in this sight line, we suspect that Cd must be somewhat depleted onto dust. We believe the apparent solar abundance of Cd reflects the fact that the true ISM reference ( cosmic) abundance is larger than the solar value, reflecting an increase since the formation of the solar system 4.5 billion years ago. This supposition is not unreasonable -- observations of other heavy s-process elements in the atmospheres of some AGB stars show substantial enrichments and so we expect that some heavy s-process element enrichment of the ISM must have occurred. The science proposed here provides an opportunity to determine the degree of post- stellar evolution enrichment, yielding important information on bulk s-process yields and cumulative injection of this material into the ISM over the past 4.5 billion years. Because this program requires S/N values unobtainable with STIS, this represents the last opportunity to do this type of science. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: We propose to obtain Ech-B data in the LSA (2 or 4 samples/diode depending on the target brightness) on the Cd II line at Lambda2145.07 Angstrom\ toward six stars sampling a large range of f(H_2) values (see Fig.3). We use the LSA to maximize the throughput (the 20\% reduction in resolution over the SSA will have no impact on the science goals). Basic target information is shown in the table below. Since accurate measures of the Cd abundances are desired (i.e. >= 5 -Sigma detection limits), we require high S/N values (500- 1000) at each diode substep. Accounting for guide star acquistion, target ACQ, and exposure overhead times, these values can be obtained in the time remaining in a single orbit (these estimates are based on the post-COSTAR LSA throughput data given in the GHRS Cycle 6 Handbook). The required S/N values will be achieved through analysis of multiple grating position subexposures, each obtained with the FP-SPLIT command. We are well versed in both the development and use of the techniques for obtaining high S/N GHRS data -- Cardelli & Ebbets 1994, ``Attaining High Signal- to-Noise Data with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph", in Calibrating the Hubble Space Telescope, (STScI: Baltimore) and Cardelli 1995, ``High S/N Spectroscopy with the GHRS: Methods and Applications", in Calibrating HST in the Post-Costar Era (STScI: Baltimore), in press. begintableh begintabularccccccccc Name & & Spectral Type & & V & & Log H_total^a & & Log f(H_2)^b , Zeta Per (HD 24398) & & B1 Ib & & 2.87 & & 21.20 & & -0.23 , beta^1 Sco (HD 144217A) & & B0.5 V & & 2.63 & & 21.14 & & -1.01 , Epsilon Ori (HD 37128) & & B0 Ia & & 1.70 & & 20.45 & & -3.58 , Kappa Ori (HD 38771) & & B0.5 Ia & & 2.09 & & 20.52 & & -4.54 , 15 Mon (HD 47839) & & O7 V & & 4.65 & & 20.40 & & -4.55 , Tau CMa (HD 57061) & & O9 II & & 4.40 & & 20.70 & & -5.22 , endtabular beginraggedright, ^alog of the total column density of hydrogen nuclei, H_total = 2H_2 + H I, ^blog of the fractional abundance of hydrogen nuclei in H_2, f(H_2) = 2H_2/H_total, endraggedright endtable The targets proposed here are same as those in the cycle 5 Sn program. The goal here is to build strong continuity in the analysis. In this regard, we will also have a (near) complete set of Kr measures for these stars as well. Since Kr is a noble gas and is not expected to deplete onto dust, it serves as a useful reference standard in this case. Our data (Cardelli & Meyer 1995) show Kr/H to be constant over a large range of f(H_2). Obtaining both Cd and Sn data will allow us to unambiguously determine the degree to which these analogous main s-process elements have been enriched. We had planned on including Cd in the Sn proposal, but did not since we had not yet proved its detectability. Since STIS will be unable to obtain such precise measures of weak lines, this is the last foreseeable opportunity to do this type of science. Real_Time_Justification: NONE NONE Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 ! zeta per ------------------------- Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: HD24398 Alternate_Names: zeta-per Description: STAR, B0-B2 III-I Position: RA=03H 54M 07.9S +/- 0.03S, DEC=+31D 53' 01.0" +/- 0.5" ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=2.87, B-V=0.12 Comments: target previously observed with ghrs-these coordinates come from the hst observing log ! beta1 sco -------------------------- Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: HD144217 Alternate_Names: beta1-sco Description: STAR, B0-B2 V-IV Position: RA=16H 05M 26.1S +/- 0.03S, DEC=-19D 48' 19.0" +/- 0.5" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=2.63, B-V=-0.07 Comments: target previously observed with ghrs-these coordinates come from the hst observing log ! epsilon ori -------------------------- Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: HD37128 Alternate_Names: epsilon-ori Description: STAR, B0-B2 III-I Position: RA=05H 36M 12.8S +/- 0.03S, DEC=-01D 12' 06.9" +/- 0.5" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=1.70, B-V=-0.19 Comments: target previously observed with ghrs-these coordinates come from the hst observing log ! kappa ori ----------------------------- Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: HD38771 Alternate_Names: kappa-ori Description: STAR, B0-B2 III-I Position: RA=05H 47M 45.3S +/- 0.03S, DEC=-09D 40' 11.0" +/- 0.5" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=2.09, B-V=-0.17 Comments: target previously observed with ghrs-these coordinates come from the hst observing log ! tau CMa ------------------------------- Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: HD57061 Alternate_Names: tau-cma Description: STAR, SUPERGIANT O Position: RA=07H 18M 42.4S +/- 0.03S, DEC=-24D 57' 15.2" +/- 0.5" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=4.40, B-V=-0.15 Comments: target previously observed with ghrs-these coordinates come from the hst observing log !--------------------------------------------------------- !HD24398 !--------------------------------------------------------- Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD24398 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-A2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=3 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1.8S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME = 0.2s !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD24398 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2145 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=6 Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 6.72M !11.52M Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !--------------------------------------------------------- !HD144271 !--------------------------------------------------------- Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD144217 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-A2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=3 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1.8S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 4 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME = 0.2s !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD144217 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2145 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=6 Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 6.72M !5.76M Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !------------------------------------------------------- !HD37128 !------------------------------------------------------- Visit_Number: 3 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD37128 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-A2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=3 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1.8S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 6 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME = 0.2s !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD37128 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2145 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=7 Number_of_Iterations: 5 Time_Per_Exposure: 217.6S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !------------------------------------------------------- !HD38771 !------------------------------------------------------- Visit_Number: 4 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 7 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD38771 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-A2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=3 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1.8S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 8 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME = 0.2s !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 8 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD38771 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2145 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=7 Number_of_Iterations: 5 Time_Per_Exposure: 217.6S !7.26M Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !------------------------------------------------------- !HD57061 !------------------------------------------------------- Visit_Number: 5 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 9 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD57061 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-A2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=3 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1.8S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10-12 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME = 0.2s !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 10 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD57061 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2144 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=6 Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 6.72M !11.52M Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 11 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD57061 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2145 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=6 Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 6.72M !11.52M Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !------------------------------------------------------- Exposure_Number: 12 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD57061 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: ECH-B26 Wavelength: 2146 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD,STEP-PATT=6 Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 6.72M !11.52M Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: !------------------------------------------------------- !------------------------------------------------------- Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1 ! Only astronomers with very old 9- ! track tape drives should consider ! a blocking factor of 1 Ship_To: PI_Address ! STSCI or PI_Address or ! PI Address from Phase I is: ! ! 800 Lancaster Ave ! Villanova ! 19085 ! ! Ship_Via: UPS ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT ! Overnight shipping done at PI expense Recipient_Email: ! Needed if Ship_To: is not PI_Address ! ! 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