6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 1]
PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only
ID: 6512
Version: 6
Check-in Date: 18-Apr-1996
11:13:05
1.Proposal Title:
The Formation of the Galaxy: Completing the Age Profile of the Outer Halo Globular
Clusters
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2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Cycle
STELLAR POPULATIONS GO 6
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5. Investigators
Contact?
PI: James E. Hesser Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
CoI: Roger A. Bell University of Maryland N
CoI: Michael Bolte University of California, Santa Cruz N
CoI: Howard E. Bond Space Telescope Science Institute N
CoI: Gregory G. Fahlman University of British Columbia N
CoI: William E. Harris McMaster University N
CoI: Robert D. McClure Dominion Astrophysical Observatory N
CoI: Harvey B. Richer University of British Columbia N
CoI: Peter B. Stetson Dominion Astrophysical Observatory N
CoI: Don A. VandenBerg University of Victoria N
CoI: Sidney van den Bergh Dominion Astrophysical Observatory N
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6. Abstract
We propose to measure the ages of the globular clusters AM 1 and Pal 14, located in
the distant halo of the Milky Way, by obtaining color-magnitude photometry to ~ 3
magnitudes below their main-sequence turnoffs (V_lim ~eq 27.5) and making a
differential comparison with nearby globular clusters of similar metallicity. AM 1
and Pal 14 are two of the six known globular clusters with Galactocentric distances
R_G > 60 kpc. We have already observed three of the other objects (NGC 2419, Pal 3,
and Pal 4) during Cycle 4 and a fourth (Eridanus) in Cycle 5. The quality of our
Cycle 4 results has exceeded all expectations. The proposed Cycle 6 observations of
AM 1 and Pal 14 will complete the mapping of the ages of all known far-halo clusters
relative to the nearby globulars (R_G~10 kpc) with a precision of < 1 Gyr.
Comparison of these ages with those of clusters in the inner halo and bulge will be
a major component of reconstructing the early Galactic formation history throughout
the entire halo, as well as addressing the classical `second-parameter' problem with
an entirely new level of data.
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6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 2]
Observations Description
------------------------
The observing program will consist of a straightforward series of WFPC2
exposures, in the standard HST V (F555W) and I (F814W) filters, on the two
distant globular clusters AM 1 and Pal 14. We will continue to use small
pointing offsets (of order 1.5 WFC pixels) between individual exposures to
allow us to overcome undersampling problems in the three WF chips and to
eliminate warm pixels. The exposure times are based on our Cycle 4 experience.
The exposure times for the Cycle 6 targets are adjusted for distance relative
to Cycle 4 targets. We will also obtain sequences of a few short exposures on
both targets for photometry of the horizontal-branch stars and red giants
crucial to tie-in with ground-based calibrations, as well as to one of the
relative age-dating techniques. Hence our observing plan will produce data
matching the excellent quality of Cycle 4 observations of Pal 3 and 4 and NGC
2419, which reached more than 3 mag below the main-sequence turnoff. The
distance modulus of Pal 14 is 0.7 mag smaller than that of Cycle 4 target Pal 4
(on which our exposure-time calculations are based) while the distance modulus
of AM 1 is 0.3 mag larger. We were granted 22 orbits. Therefore, to obtain data
of comparable quality in both clusters we will spend 8 orbits on Pal 14, and 14
on AM 1. The detailed list of exposures is as follows (with guide-star
acquisitions and re-acquisitions and exposure overheads taken into account):
Pal 14: visibility period = 53 minutes; according to the RPS2 simulator in 8
orbits, we can accommodate: V = F555W: 4x160 sec, 1x900 sec, and 7x1000 sec
exposures. I = F814W: 4x230 sec, 4x1100 sec, 1x1200 sec and 3x1300 sec with
SAMs between orbits and all of the overhead accounted for. AM 1: visibility
period = 56 minutes; in 14 orbits, according to the RSP2 simulator we can
accommodate: V = F555W: 4x180 sec, 1x900 sec, 8x1000 sec and 5x1300 sec I =
F814W: 4x230 sec, 5x1200 sec, 3x1300 sec and 6x1400 sec exposures with SAMs
between orbits and all of the overhead accounted for. Based upon our completely
reduced Cycle 4 data, we have made a conscientious effort to trim this request
to the minimum that will still do the job. No special HST calibrations are
required. We have a large database of cluster photometry accumulated with a
color-difference comparison to the outer-halo clusters in mind. The color-
difference methods have very modest calibration requirements compared to
traditional cluster age studies: all we need is an accurate characterization of
the photometric transfer ``color'' terms over a fairly small range of colors,
which will be provided by the ongoing routine calibration observations with
HST. Nevertheless, we intend to reinforce the HST-based calibration with our
own ground-based calibration for each of the HST fields. This will consist of
observations of the HST fields through V and I filters calibrated with the same
standard fields we use in establishing CMD sequences in the nearby clusters.
These ground-based observations of the HST targets will allow a direct tie-in
of photometric systems to the nearby clusters and add photometry of brighter
giants to supplement the HST results. In addition, the supplementary
calibration based on our ground-based sequences will be available to the entire
astronomical community as a further check on their own F555W and F814W
calibrations.
Real Time Justification
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Calibration Justification
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Additional Comments
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6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 3]
Data Distribution
Media: 8MM
Blocking Factor: 10
Ship To: Howard E. Bond*3700 San Martin
Drive*Baltimore MD 21218
Ship Via: UPS
Email: bond@stsci.edu ,
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6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 4]
TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets
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Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data
No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |
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1 PAL14 STELLAR CLUSTER, RA=16H 11M 00.2S +/- 5", J2000 V=+77 V = 27.3
GLOBULAR CLUSTER DEC=+14D 57' 28.9" +/- 5", PLATE B-V = 0.6
-ID=021N
Comments: THE TARGET FLUX LEVEL REFERS TO THE FAINT MAIN
SEQUENCE STARS IN THE CLUSTER.
2 AM1 STELLAR CLUSTER, RA=03H 55M 02.7S +/- 5", DEC=- J2000 V=+116 V = 28.3
GLOBULAR CLUSTER 49D 36' 52.0" +/- 5", PLATE- B-V = 0.6
ID=03C0
Comments: THE TARGET FLUX LEVEL REFERS TO THE FAINT MAIN
SEQUENCE STARS IN THE CLUSTER.
6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 5]
Visit: 01
Visit Requirements: ORIENT 110D to 130D
On Hold Comments: <none>
Additional Comments: POSITION ANGLE OF U3 AXIS SHOULD BE 22.5 DEGREES WEST OF NORTH, WITH RANGE
+/- 22.5D. ORIENT 110D TO 130D IS ACCEPTABLE BUT LESS DESIRABLE. ORIENT 200D
TO 215D IS ALSO ACCEPTABLE BUT LESS DESIRABLE.
Exposures
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Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special
Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements
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11 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 160S POS TARG 0.0, 0.0
FIX
Comments: ORBITS 1-8 ARE AN 8-STEP SEQUENCE WITH 1.5-
PIXEL (WF) STEPS IN AN OCTAGONAL PATTERN SUCH
THAT EACH ORBIT REPRESENTS ONE VERTEX OF THE
OCTAGON
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12 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 900S SAME POS AS 11 EXPAND
FIX
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13 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1200S SAME POS AS 11 END ORBIT
FIX
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21 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG 0.15, 0.0
FIX
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22 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1100S SAME POS AS 21 EXPAND
FIX
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23 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 21 END ORBIT
FIX
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31 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 160S POS TARG 0.30, 0.15
FIX
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32 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 31 EXPAND
FIX
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33 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S SAME POS AS 31 END ORBIT
FIX
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41 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG 0.30, 0.30
FIX
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42 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1100S SAME POS AS 41 EXPAND
FIX
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43 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 41 END ORBIT
FIX
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51 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 160S POS TARG 0.15,0.45
FIX
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Exposures
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Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special
Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements
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52 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 51 EXPAND
FIX
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53 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S SAME POS AS 51 END ORBIT
FIX
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61 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG 0.0,0.45
FIX
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62 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1100S SAME POS AS 61 EXPAND
FIX
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63 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 61 END ORBIT
FIX
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71 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 160S POS TARG -0.15,0.30
FIX
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72 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 71 EXPAND
FIX
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73 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S SAME POS AS 71 END ORBIT
FIX
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81 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG -0.15,0.15
FIX
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82 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1100S SAME POS AS 81 EXPAND
FIX
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83 PAL14 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 81 END ORBIT
FIX
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6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 7]
Visit: 02
Visit Requirements: ORIENT 260D TO 310D
On Hold Comments: <none>
Additional Comments: POSITION ANGLE OF U3 AXIS SHOULD BE 75 DEGREES WEST OF NORTH, WITH RANGE +/
- 25D. ORIENT 30D TO 85D IS ACCEPTABLE BUT LESS DESIRABLE. ORIENT 125D TO
180D IS ALSO ACCEPTABLE BUT LESS DESIRABLE.
Exposures
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Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special
Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements
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91 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 180S POS TARG 0.0, 0.0
FIX
Comments: ORBITS 1-8 ARE AN 8-STEP SEQUENCE WITH 1.5-
PIXEL (WF) STEPS IN AN OCTAGONAL PATTERN SUCH
THAT EACH ORBIT REPRESENTS ONE VERTEX OF THE
OCTAGON
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92 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 900S SAME POS AS 91 EXPAND
FIX
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93 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1200S SAME POS AS 91 END ORBIT
FIX
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101 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG 0.15, 0.0
FIX
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102 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 101
FIX
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103 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1200S SAME POS AS 101 END ORBIT; EXPAND
FIX
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111 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 180S POS TARG 0.30, 0.15
FIX
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112 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 111 EXPAND
FIX
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113 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S SAME POS AS 111 END ORBIT
FIX
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121 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG 0.30, 0.30
FIX
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122 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 121
FIX
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123 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1200S SAME POS AS 121 END ORBIT; EXPAND
FIX
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131 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 180S POS TARG 0.15, 0.45
FIX
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Exposures
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Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special
Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
132 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 131 EXPAND
FIX
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133 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S SAME POS AS 131 END ORBIT
FIX
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141 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG 0.0, 0.45
FIX
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142 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 141
FIX
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143 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1200S SAME POS AS 141 END ORBIT; EXPAND
FIX
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151 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 180S POS TARG -0.15, 0.30
FIX
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152 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 151 EXPAND
FIX
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153 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S SAME POS AS 151 END ORBIT
FIX
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161 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 230S POS TARG -0.15, 0.15
FIX
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162 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S SAME POS AS 161
FIX
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163 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1200S SAME POS AS 161 END ORBIT; EXPAND
FIX
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6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 9]
Visit: 03
Visit Requirements: SAME ORIENT AS 02
On Hold Comments: <none>
Additional Comments: POSITION ANGLE OF U3 AXIS SHOULD BE 75 DEGREES WEST OF NORTH, WITH RANGE +/
- 25D. ORIENT 30D TO 85D IS ACCEPTABLE BUT LESS DESIRABLE. ORIENT 125D TO
180D IS ALSO ACCEPTABLE BUT LESS DESIRABLE.
Exposures
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Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special
Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements
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171 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000S POS TARG 0.0, 0.0 EXPAND
FIX
Comments: ORBITS 1-6 ARE A 6-STEP SEQUENCE WITH 1.5-
PIXEL STEPS IN A HEXAGONAL PATTERN SUCH THAT
EACH ORBIT REPRESENTS ONE VERTEX OF THE
HEXAGON
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172 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400S SAME POS AS 171 END ORBIT
FIX
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181 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S POS TARG 0.15,0.15 EXPAND
FIX
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182 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400S SAME POS AS 181 END ORBIT;
FIX
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191 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S POS TARG 0.15,0.30 EXPAND
FIX
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192 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400S SAME POS AS 191 END ORBIT
FIX
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201 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S POS TARG 0.0,0.45 EXPAND
FIX
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202 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400S SAME POS AS 201 END ORBIT;
FIX
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211 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S POS TARG -0.15, 0.30 EXPAND
FIX
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212 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400S SAME POS AS 211 END ORBIT
FIX
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221 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F555W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300S POS TARG -0.15,0.15 EXPAND
FIX
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222 AM1 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL- F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400S SAME POS AS 221 END ORBIT;
FIX
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6512( 6) - 04/18/96 11:21 - [ 10]
Summary Form for Proposal 6512
Item Used in this proposal
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Configurations WFPC2
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Opmodes IMAGE
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Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO
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Proposal Category GO
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Scientific Category STELLAR POPULATIONS
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Special Requirements ORIENT 110D to 130D POS TARG 0.0, 0.0 SAME POS AS 11 EXPAND SAME POS AS 11 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.15,
0.0 SAME POS AS 21 EXPAND SAME POS AS 21 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.30, 0.15 SAME POS AS 31 EXPAND SAME
POS AS 31 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.30, 0.30 SAME POS AS 41 EXPAND SAME POS AS 41 END ORBIT POS TARG
0.15,0.45 SAME POS AS 51 EXPAND SAME POS AS 51 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.0,0.45 SAME POS AS 61 EXPAND
SAME POS AS 61 END ORBIT POS TARG -0.15,0.30 SAME POS AS 71 EXPAND SAME POS AS 71 END ORBIT POS
TARG -0.15,0.15 SAME POS AS 81 EXPAND SAME POS AS 81 END ORBIT ORIENT 260D TO 310D SAME POS AS 91
EXPAND SAME POS AS 91 END ORBIT SAME POS AS 101 SAME POS AS 101 END ORBIT; EXPAND SAME POS AS 111
EXPAND SAME POS AS 111 END ORBIT SAME POS AS 121 SAME POS AS 121 END ORBIT; EXPAND POS TARG 0.15,
0.45 SAME POS AS 131 EXPAND SAME POS AS 131 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.0, 0.45 SAME POS AS 141 SAME POS
AS 141 END ORBIT; EXPAND POS TARG -0.15, 0.30 SAME POS AS 151 EXPAND SAME POS AS 151 END ORBIT POS
TARG -0.15, 0.15 SAME POS AS 161 SAME POS AS 161 END ORBIT; EXPAND SAME ORIENT AS 02 POS TARG 0.0,
0.0 EXPAND SAME POS AS 171 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.15,0.15 EXPAND SAME POS AS 181 END ORBIT; POS TARG
0.15,0.30 EXPAND SAME POS AS 191 END ORBIT POS TARG 0.0,0.45 EXPAND SAME POS AS 201 END ORBIT; POS
TARG -0.15, 0.30 EXPAND SAME POS AS 211 END ORBIT POS TARG -0.15,0.15 EXPAND SAME POS AS 221 END
ORBIT;
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Spectral Elements F555W F814W
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Target Names PAL14 AM1
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