6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  1]

    PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS   ST ScI Use Only
                                                       ID:      6491
                                                       Version: 8
                                                       Check-in Date: 17-Apr-1997
                                                                      09:41:03

1.Proposal Title:
The Optical Structure and Environments of z~1 3CR Quasars
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2. Scientific Category   3. Proposal For  4. Cycle
AGN                         GO               6
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5. Investigators
                                                                                     Contact?
    PI: ALAN STOCKTON                     UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
   CoI: Susan E. Ridgway                  Department of Physics, University of          N
                                          Oxford

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6. Abstract

We have recently completed the analysis of WFPC2 observations of a complete sample
of 3CR quasars and radio galaxies with 0.87<z<1.05. We detect extended continuum
material around all of the quasars and find correspondences between radio and
optical structure for 4 of them. One of our quasars, 3C212, shows one of the most
striking examples of the alignment effect among all high-redshift radio sources. In
spite of the success of the Cycle 4 observations, the conclusions we can draw
concerning the z~1 3CR quasars as a population are limited because of the large
dispersion in host-galaxy properties and the fact that we have only 5 quasars in our
sample. For example, a large fraction of high-redshift 3CR quasars are compact steep
-spectrum sources, but none happen to occur in our sample. Similarly, in our larger
ground-based sample, we resolve host galaxies in over 1/3 of the quasars, but only
one of these is in our Cycle 4 HST sample. We propose to carry out similar WFPC2
imaging of 5 additional quasars, which form a complete extension to our Cycle 4
sample. This supplement will result in a sample that is more representative of the
z~1 3CR quasar population as a whole. It will also give us better statistics on
correlations we see in our Cycle 4 data, such as the association of linear galaxies
with our 3CR galaxies and quasars.
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  2]

  Observations Description
  ------------------------

     We propose to obtain exposures for our 5 program quasars to approximately the
     same limiting depth as for our Cycle 4 complete sample of 10 3CR sources. As in
     that program, we will use one of the wide-field CCDs of WFPC2 in order to
     achieve the surface-brightness limit we need. This limit has been based on our
     experience with ground-based observations of the sample together with the
     results of our simulations of the relative detectivity of features with HST and
     comparable ground-based instrumentation. In determining the precise depth for a
     given object, we adjust our limiting surface brightness for each object to
     compensate for the (1+z)^-5 dependence within a fixed wavelength bandpass. For
     the calculated limiting surface brightness, we then adjust the exposures to
     give a uniform detection S/N for all quasar fields, taking explicit account of
     the sky brightness as a function of zodiacal coordinates as well as the usual
     instrument and detector parameters. In this way, we attempt to achieve an
     approximately uniform detection limit to a given proper surface brightness so
     that we can make a valid intercomparison of our total sample. With the
     exposures we have specified, we will get ~2.5Sigma per pixel on a surface
     brightness corresponding to 20.75 AB_3200 mag arcsec^-2 at z=0. The total
     exposures we arrive at by these criteria may seem to some to be unreasonably
     long. These exposures were calculated in the same way as those we actually used
     in our Cycle 4 program, where our surface brightness limit was based on the few
     ground-based detections of host galaxies in our larger sample we had at that
     time. Our results have borne out these estimates: while we detect extended
     features in all cases, in several of the objects the critical features have a
     S/N per pixel of only ~1.7. We emphasize that obtaining images with inadequate
     S/N per pixel will both compromise the accuracy of our PSF removal and waste
     the resolution of HST in the low-surface-brightness regions; in our opinion, it
     is far better to obtain sufficient depth on a few objects than to try to
     observe a larger sample to a brighter limiting surface brightness. We have
     optimized the exposures to fill orbits as closely as possible. In some cases,
     we use small bits of time to take short exposures on nearby bright stars to
     monitor the PSF, but we also plan to use 2 orbits to obtain systematic PSF
     images in all three filters on a suitable star chosen to be in the CVZ. We use
     the 7 e^-/DN gain setting to obtain the lowest effective read noise. Our
     exposures will typically result in ADC saturation for a few pixels near the
     peaks of our brighter quasars. Such saturation is of little practical
     importance; we have spent a lot of effort on trying various approaches to PSF
     subtraction and/or deconvolution, and we find empirically that there is little
     hope of detecting host-galaxy structure with the WFC within the central 0arcs2-
     -0arcs3-radius region in any case. The sample is constrained by the available
     WFPC2 filters and our desire to avoid having strong lines in the bandpass, so
     that we can accurately determine extended continuum structure. Our bandpass
     will be centered near a rest-frame wavelength of 3200 Angstrom\\ (filters F675W
     or F702W, depending on redshift); we observe the same rest-frame region in our
     Cycle 4 program, so we can compare the results directly with those for our
     extended steep- spectrum sources. Our ground-based complete sample covers the
     redshift range 0.8 <= z <= 1.25. Our Cycle 4 program covered the range 0.87 <=
     z <= 1.05. We were forced to exclude those with z < 0.87, for which no good
     WFPC2 filter exists that is not contaminated by [O II] Lambda3727 emission. For
     objects with 1.01<z<1.19, we use the F675W filter to keep the filter centered
     near 3200 Angstrom\\ in the rest frame. Similarly, for those with z>1.19, we
     use F702W.

  Real Time Justification
  -----------------------


  Calibration Justification
  -------------------------


  Additional Comments
  -------------------

     We have already obtained deep imaging of the entire sample in the optical
     (close to the same wavelength as the proposed HST observations) and in the IR
     (K' images with CFHT, IRTF, and Keck). We currently have requested time at CFHT
     to carry out additional spectroscopy of some of the extended material
     associated with several of these objects. We plan to use the new fast-guiding
     tip-tilt secondary at the UH 88-inch telescope (and at the IRTF, when
     available) to achieve close to diffraction-limited imaging at K' on all of the
     objects in our proposed HST program. We will also carry out imaging polarimetry
     with a recently-commissioned polarization module on the University of Hawaii 88
     -inch Telescope.
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  3]

  Data Distribution

  Media:           8MM
  Blocking Factor: 10
  Ship To:         PI_Address
  Ship Via:        UPS
  Email:
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  4]

TARGET LIST    a) Fixed Targets
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Tar|   Target   |         Target        |            Target              |Coord   | Radial |             Flux data
No |    Name    |       Description     |           Position             |Eqnx    |  Vel.  |
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1   3C68.1       Galaxy,Quasar           RA=02H 32M 28.90S +/- 0.03S,     2000     z=1.238  V = 19
                                         DEC=34D 23' 46.05" +/- 0.5"                        B-V = 1.7
    Comments: Flux V, B-V is for the quasar nucleus. Science target
              is the host galaxy and companions around the quasar.

2   3C68.1-PSF-  Calibration,Point       RA=02H 32M 29.35S +/- 0.05S,     2000              V = 15.7+/-1.0
    CALIB        Spread Function         DEC=34D 23' 01.21" +/- 0.5"                        F-CONT(7000)=9.9+/-1.e-16

3   3C186        Galaxy,Quasar           RA=07H 44M 17.47S +/- 0.04S,     2000     z=1.063  V = 17.60
                                         DEC=37D 53' 17.21" +/- 0.5"                        B-V = 0.45
    Comments: Flux V, B-V is for the quasar nucleus. Science target
              is the host galaxy and companions around the quasar.

4   3C186-PSF-   Calibration,Point       RA=07H 44M 16.03S +/- 0.05S,     2000              V = 14.2+/-0.5
    CALIB        Spread Function         DEC=37D 52' 26.28" +/- 0.5"                        F-CONT(7000)=4.1+/-0.4e-15

5   3C190        Galaxy,Quasar           RA=08H 01M 33.52S +/- 0.03S,     2000     z=1.195  V = 20.3
                                         DEC=14D 14' 42.37" +/- 0.4"
    Comments: Flux V is for the quasar nucleus. Science target is
              the host galaxy and companions around the quasar.

6   3C190-PSF-   Calibration,Point       RA=08H 01M 32.93S +/- 0.05S,     2000              V = 15.1+/-1.
    CALIB        Spread Function         DEC=14D 14' 08.68" +/- 0.5"                        F-CONT(7000)=1.68+/-0.2e-15

7   3C208        Galaxy,Quasar           RA=08H 53M 08.63S +/- 0.05S,     2000     z=1.109  V = 17.42
                                         DEC=13D 52' 54.81" +/- 0.4"                        B-V = 0.34
    Comments: Flux V , and B-V is for the quasar nucleus. Science
              target is the host galaxy and companions around the
              quasar.

8   3C208-PSF-   Calibration,Point       RA=08H 53M 06.91S +/- 0.05S,     2000              V = 14.6+/-0.5
    CALIB        Spread Function         DEC=13D 54' 28.57" +/- 0.5"                        F-CONT(7000)=2.7+/-0.3e-15

9   3C287        Galaxy,Quasar           RA=13H 30M 37.77S +/- 0.08S,     2000     z=1.055  V = 17.67
                                         DEC=25D 09' 10.21" +/- 0.8"                        B-V = 0.64
    Comments: Flux V , and B-V is for the quasar nucleus. Science
              target is the host galaxy and companions around the
              quasar.

10  3C287-PSF-   Calibration,Point       RA=13H 30M 38.45S +/- 0.05S,     2000              V = 14.6+/-1.
    CALIB        Spread Function         DEC=25D 09' 33.07" +/- 0.5"                        F-CONT(7000)=2.6+/-0.3e-15

                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  5]

Visit: 01
     Visit Requirements:  BETWEEN 8-AUG-97 AND 12-FEB-98
     On Hold Comments:    <none>
     Additional Comments: <none>


Exposures
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Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|             Optional            |Num|  Time |       Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|            Parameters           |Exp|       |     Requirements
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1        3C68.1      WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S
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2        3C68.1-PSF- WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    2   26 S    SEQ 1-2 NON-INT
         CALIB
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3        3C68.1      WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.50,+0.25
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4        3C68.1-PSF- WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   26 S    SEQ 3-4 NON-INT POS TARG
         CALIB                                                                                             +0.50,+0.25
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5        3C68.1      WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.75,+0.75
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6        3C68.1-PSF- WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   26 S    SEQ 5-6 NON-INT POS TARG
         CALIB                                                                                             +0.75,+0.75
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7        3C68.1      WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
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8        3C68.1-PSF- WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   26 S    SEQ 7-8 NON-INT POS TARG
         CALIB                                                                                             +0.25,+0.50
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  6]

Visit: 02
     Visit Requirements:  BETWEEN 15-OCT-97 AND 01-DEC-97
     On Hold Comments:    <none>
     Additional Comments: <none>


Exposures
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Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|             Optional            |Num|  Time |       Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|            Parameters           |Exp|       |     Requirements
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9        3C186       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S
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10       3C186-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    2   10 S    SEQ 9-10 NON-INT
         ALIB
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11       3C186       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.50,+0.25
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12       3C186-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   10 S    SEQ 11-12 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.50,+0.25
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13       3C186       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.75,+0.75
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14       3C186-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   10 S    SEQ 13-14 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.75,+0.75
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15       3C186       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
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16       3C186-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   10 S    SEQ 15-16 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.25,+0.50
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  7]

Visit: 03
     Visit Requirements:  BETWEEN 20-OCT-96 AND 19-APR-97
     On Hold Comments:    <none>
     Additional Comments: Also OK: BEFORE 20-APR-96


Exposures
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Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|             Optional            |Num|  Time |       Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|            Parameters           |Exp|       |     Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17       3C190       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.75,+0.75
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18       3C190-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W                                              1   16 S    SEQ 17-18 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.75,+0.75
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19       3C190       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.50,+0.25
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20       3C190-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    2   16 S    SEQ 19-20 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.50,+0.25
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21       3C190       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S
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22       3C190-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    2   16 S    SEQ 21-22 NON-INT
         ALIB
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23       3C190       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24       3C190-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F702W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    2   16 S    SEQ 23-24 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.25,+0.50
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  8]

Visit: 04
     Visit Requirements:  BETWEEN 3-NOV-96 AND 2-MAY-97
     On Hold Comments:    <none>
     Additional Comments: Also OK: BEFORE 2-MAY-96


Exposures
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Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|             Optional            |Num|  Time |       Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|            Parameters           |Exp|       |     Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25       3C208       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2200 S  POS TARG +0.75,+0.75
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27       3C208       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2400 S  POS TARG +0.50,+0.25
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29       3C208       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2400 S
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31       3C208       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2400 S  POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [  9]

Visit: 05
     Visit Requirements:  BETWEEN 30-DEC-96 AND 3-JUL-97
     On Hold Comments:    <none>
     Additional Comments: Also OK: BEFORE 2-JUL-96


Exposures
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Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|             Optional            |Num|  Time |       Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|            Parameters           |Exp|       |     Requirements
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33       3C287       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S
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34       3C287-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    2   16 S    SEQ 33-34 NON-INT
         ALIB
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35       3C287       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.50,+0.25
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36       3C287-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   16 S    SEQ 35-36 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.50,+0.25
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37       3C287       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.75,+0.75
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38       3C287-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   16 S    SEQ 37-38 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.75,+0.75
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39       3C287       WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    1   2000 S  POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40       3C287-PSF-C WFPC2  IMAGE   WF3     F675W            CR-TOLERANCE=0                    3   16 S    SEQ 39-40 NON-INT POS
         ALIB                                                                                              TARG +0.25,+0.50
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                                                6491(  8) - 04/17/97 09:45  - [ 10]

            Summary Form for Proposal  6491

  Item                         Used in this proposal
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  Configurations               WFPC2
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  Opmodes                      IMAGE
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  Optional Parameters          CR-TOLERANCE=0
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  Proposal Category            GO
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  Scientific Category          AGN
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  Special Requirements         BETWEEN 8-AUG-97 AND 12-FEB-98 SEQ 1-2 NON-INT POS TARG +0.50,+0.25 SEQ 3-4 NON-INT POS TARG
                               +0.50,+0.25 POS TARG +0.75,+0.75 SEQ 5-6 NON-INT POS TARG +0.75,+0.75 POS TARG +0.25,+0.50 SEQ 7-8
                               NON-INT POS TARG +0.25,+0.50 BETWEEN 15-OCT-97 AND 01-DEC-97 SEQ 9-10 NON-INT SEQ 11-12 NON-INT POS
                               TARG +0.50,+0.25 SEQ 13-14 NON-INT POS TARG +0.75,+0.75 SEQ 15-16 NON-INT POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
                               BETWEEN 20-OCT-96 AND 19-APR-97 SEQ 17-18 NON-INT POS TARG +0.75,+0.75 SEQ 19-20 NON-INT POS TARG
                               +0.50,+0.25 SEQ 21-22 NON-INT SEQ 23-24 NON-INT POS TARG +0.25,+0.50 BETWEEN 3-NOV-96 AND 2-MAY-97
                               BETWEEN 30-DEC-96 AND 3-JUL-97 SEQ 33-34 NON-INT SEQ 35-36 NON-INT POS TARG +0.50,+0.25 SEQ 37-38
                               NON-INT POS TARG +0.75,+0.75 SEQ 39-40 NON-INT POS TARG +0.25,+0.50
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  Spectral Elements            F702W F675W
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  Target Names                 3C68.1 3C68.1-PSF-CALIB 3C186 3C186-PSF-CALIB 3C190 3C190-PSF-CALIB 3C208 3C287 3C287-PSF-CALIB
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