6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 6473 Version: 4 Check-in Date: 25-Jul-1996 11:51:33 1.Proposal Title: A Search for Supernovae at High Z in the Hubble Deep Field ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Cycle COSMOLOGY GO 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Investigators Contact? PI: RONALD GILLILAND SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE CoI: Mark Phillips Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Abstract The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) observations to be conducted in December 1995 with Director's Discretionary time as a community service will provide ultra-deep, four- color imaging of a single extra-galactic field. We propose a much shorter second epoch observation in the F814W filter that will enable Supernovae of Type Ia to be detected in either epoch to z ~2, or Type II's to z ~1.5. This will enable probing of a much larger range of z for SNe than has been attempted previously. Data resulting from these second epoch observations should be declared non-proprietary after one month in the spirit of the original HDF work. We will have developed full reduction software for handling the original HDF data. Second epoch data will be analyzed within one week with a goal of publishing in the IAU Circulars any SNe events bright enough for follow-up ground-based observations. At moderate additional cost (given the original HDF template) this proposal will serve as a pathfinder to begin delineating SNe event rates at high z. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ We propose to perform a partial repeat of the original HDF exposures in F814W. The choice of F814W (instead of F300W, F450W, or F606W) is obvious since it will retain a much greater sensitivity to highly redshifted SNe spectra (see Table 1 below). We wish to detect objects with peak per pixel count rates well under the sky level using a detector that undersamples the PSF and for which both the cosmic ray rate, and rate of creating hot pixels is large by orders of magnitude compared to the number of sources expected. Unusual care must therefore be taken to eliminate both cosmic rays and hot pixels. To do so adequately, while not particularly hard in principle, requires careful attention to obtaining sufficient data and to the data reductions. The original HDF observations will have several exposures at each filter-pointing to support cosmic ray elimination, and it will use many integer pixel dithers to support detection and characterization of hot pixels to a rate level of <= 10^-3 e- /s/px -- this can be done from the primary data set (the F300W exposures will be particularly useful here). For the second epoch we propose both integer pixel dithers and taking a dark once per orbit, again to define hot pixels to <= 10^-3 e-/s/px, a level small enough to guarantee perfect discrimination of real astrophysical events to the S/N levels quoted in the original Phase I proposal. Note: At Phase II submission the darks have been changed to F300Ws, these will be as useful for hot pixel definition and provide additional archival data for this filter. The F300W exposures may be treated as non- proprietary, or if there is a policy problem switching back to darks would be fine for our science. Real Time Justification ----------------------- We are proposing to use the CVZ, however it is not absolutely critical that these observations be conducted in the CVZ. Since we are using F814W, the sky always brightens by at least 50\\% while HST is on the daylight side of the orbit relative to the minimum level of zodiacal light. During the darkest phase of the multi-day CVZ passage, the signal-to- noise formally increases by exposing the full orbit, even with the increase of sky. The difference in S/N between using the full 96 minutes for object exposure and not using the brightest 20 minutes of the orbit is, however, very minimal. We would propose to use the 20 minutes of brightest sky time each orbit to take (shutter closed) dark frames, which are of crucial importance for perfect elimination of hot pixels. In the CVZ this would allow about 70 minutes (after overheads) of exposure on target per orbit in low sky conditions, relative to about 50 minutes available in non-CVZ time. We will request that the observations be done in the CVZ passage as close to exactly one year after the HDF as possible (given phasing of year-to-year CVZ passages, we will miss by about 25 days). This should allow the same, or very nearly so, orientation to be used to maximize coverage between the two epochs. Note: In developing the Phase II it was determined that only the November 22-24 CVZ passage would support observations at the same roll angle. This proposal therefore becomes time critical for these days. None, except for the original Hubble Deep Field observations. Any second epoch SNe detections would be quickly documented in the IAU Circulars to enable follow-up ground-based observations in favorable cases. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- The visits are restricted to 20-27 Nov '96. This was put in for RPS2 efficiency since it includes the only CVZ window consistent with the requested roll. Manual intervention in scheduling will be required for: (1) guide star selection, (2) detailed laying out of the calendar as was done with the HDF to put the UV filter observations in bright time. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 3] Data Distribution Media: 8MM Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: UPS Email: , ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 4] TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HDF- UNIDENTIFIED, Blank RA=12H 36M 49.4S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V = 28 123649+62134 Field, High Latitude DEC=+62D 12' 58.0" +/- 0.1" B-V = 0 6 Field Comments: Galaxies in the field range from V=20 to V>30 Extinction is virtually zero, with E(B-V)+0.0000 Coords, roll and guide stars should exactly reproduce original HDF observations of Dec '95. The guide stars for this field are 0416200054 and 0416200075. The pair ID is 0416200054F30416200075F2. 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 292D to 292D CVZ BETWEEN 1-NOV-97 AND 28-FEB-98 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Proposal is for 18 orbits. Only usable CVZ window is near roll angle limit. I have split into 3 separate, nearly identical visits of 6 orbits. Each should be put in SAA free period. Phasing REQUIRES manual scheduling to center F300W on bright part of orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1700 S POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1600 S POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG +1.038, +0.463 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG +1.038, +0.463 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG +1.038, +0.463 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.338, +1.138 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.338, +1.138 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG -0.338, +1.138 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.162, -1.163 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.162, -1.163 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG -0.162, -1.163 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.637, -0.538 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 140 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.637, -0.538 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 6] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 150 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG -0.637, -0.538 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 160 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG +0.800, -0.863 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 170 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG +0.800, -0.863 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 180 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG +0.800, -0.863 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 292D to 292D CVZ BETWEEN 1-NOV-97 AND 28-FEB-98 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Proposal is for 18 orbits. Only CVZ window is near roll angle limit. I have split into 3 separate, nearly identical visits of 6 orbits. Each should be put in SAA free period. Phasing REQUIRES manual scheduling to center F300W on bright part of orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 210 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1700 S POS TARG -1.337, -0.700 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 220 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1600 S POS TARG -1.337, -0.700 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 230 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG -1.337, -0.700 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 240 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.962, +0.900 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 250 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.962, +0.900 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 260 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG -0.962, +0.900 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 270 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG +0.500, +0.663 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 280 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG +0.500, +0.663 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 290 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG +0.500, +0.663 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 300 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.600, +0.800 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 310 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.600, +0.800 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 320 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG -0.600, +0.800 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 330 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.375, -0.775 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 340 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.375, -0.775 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 8] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 350 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG -0.375, -0.775 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 360 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG +0.325, -0.325 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 370 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG +0.325, -0.325 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 380 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG +0.325, -0.325 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 9] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 292D to 292D CVZ BETWEEN 1-NOV-97 AND 28-FEB-98 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Proposal is for 18 orbits. Only CVZ window is near roll angle limit. I have split into 3 separate, nearly identical visits of 6 orbits. Each should be put in SAA free period. Phasing REQUIRES manual scheduling to center F300W on bright part of orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 410 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1700 S POS TARG +0.275, +0.375 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 420 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1600 S POS TARG +0.275, +0.375 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 430 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG +0.275, +0.375 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 440 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -1.125, +0.225 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 450 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -1.125, +0.225 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 460 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG -1.125, +0.225 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 470 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG +0.700, -0.090 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 480 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG +0.700, -0.090 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 490 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG +0.700, -0.090 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 500 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.510, +0.090 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 510 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.510, +0.090 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 520 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG -0.510, +0.090 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 530 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG -0.190, +0.590 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 540 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG -0.190, +0.590 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 10] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 550 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1300 S POS TARG -0.190, +0.590 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 560 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1800 S POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 570 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900 S POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 580 HDF-123649+ WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F300W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1400 S POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 621346 IX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6473( 4) - 07/25/96 12:00 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 6473 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category COSMOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 292D to 292D CVZ BETWEEN 1-NOV-97 AND 28-FEB-98 POS TARG +0.000, +0.000 POS TARG +1.038, +0.463 POS TARG -0.338, +1.138 POS TARG -0.162, -1.163 POS TARG -0.637, -0.538 POS TARG +0.800, -0.863 POS TARG -1.337, -0.700 POS TARG -0.962, +0.900 POS TARG +0.500, +0.663 POS TARG -0.600, +0.800 POS TARG -0.375, -0.775 POS TARG +0.325, -0.325 POS TARG +0.275, +0.375 POS TARG -1.125, +0.225 POS TARG +0.700, -0.090 POS TARG -0.510, +0.090 POS TARG -0.190, +0.590 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F814W F300W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HDF-123649+621346 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------