! $Id: 6306,v 2.1 1995/05/04 18:29:06 pepsa Exp $ ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6306,v 2.1 1995/05/04 18:29:06 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Debra Wallace ! Phone: 410 338-4506 , E-mail: wallace@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Date generated: Sat Dec 17 11:19:56 EST 1994 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Supernova Light Echoes Proposal_Category: GTO/FOC Scientific_Category: Galaxies & Clusters Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Ferdinando Macchetto PI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute CoI_Name: William Sparks CoI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute CoI_Name: Jean Michel Deharveng CoI_Institution: Marseille Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose to carry out imaging polarization observations of candidate light echoes of historical supernovae to determine the distances to the host galaxies geometrically. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: The defining characteristics of light echoes are (\romannumeral1) they will be very blue, B- V<0.0, and (\romannumeral2) they will be extended 0.1 < Phi_0 < 0.6 arcsec. The total luminosity of an echo is the luminosity of the original supernova times the fraction of light intercepted and scattered by a dusty medium, which is the optical depth through the flash (of order a light-month in spatial thickness) times the albedo (~ 0.6), Sparks (1994). For reasonable parameters, e.g. n_e ~ 30 cm^-3, say, the optical depth for a Type Ia is 1.3* 10^-3, resulting in an echo 7.8 mag fainter than the original supernova, and brighter than the realistic limit of around B~ 22---23 for polarization observations, see Sparks (1994). The small angular size of the echoes precludes measurement of any extension from ground based observations, and requires the use of HST. The best possible resolution is also required in order to distinguish the echo from the complex of surrounding stars typically present (recall the Early Release Observations of M100, for example). Since supernovae are very blue, Type Ia B-V ~ 0.0 at peak, Vaughan et al. (1994), and since the scattering process causes a further `bluening' of the light like 1/Lambda, the double coincidence of a very blue and slightly resolved patch of light will be an extremely strong echo candidate. Young composite stellar populations at their very bluest seldom reach B-V = -0.2, and so anything as blue or bluer than this is unlikely to be a region of star formation, Leitherer &\ Heckman (1995), ApJSupp in press. We request time for observations of three echo candidates. Calculations indicate that the level of polarization for 90^degrees scattering will be in the range 40\ nature of the scattering particles, Sparks (1994). Measurement of such levels is straightforward even for relatively faint targets. Astrometry is not a problem for these objects since all have good positions. The very blue nature of the echoes, combined with the need for extremely high spatial resolution and robust imaging polarization capability leads to a natural choice of the FOC/COSTAR for these observations. The observations will be exposures with the three polarizing Rochon prisms at position angles oriented 60^degrees from one another, each exposure one orbit in duration. The S/N will then be quite adequate to determine the location of polarization maximum for a source of magnitude V ~ 22 extended over a few tenths arcsec, see last column Table 1. This corresponds to of order a few counts per pixel for the larger echoes, and of order a few tens for the smallest. The higher surface brightness of the smaller echo, and therefore higher S/N compensates for its smaller size. For the larger echoes, these count rates are acceptable since both spatial binning and azimuthal averaging are used as a matter of course in polarization analyses. Real_Time_Justification: Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: SN1961V Alternate_Names: Description: EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA Position: RA=02H 40M 29.7S +/- 0.1S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=37D 8' 1.6" +/- 1.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, Equinox: 1950.0 Flux: V = 21 B-V=0.0! Include at least V and B-V Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: SN1960L Alternate_Names: Description: EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA Position: RA=21H 58M 18.48S +/- 0.01S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=+17D 28' 53.3" +/- 0.2" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, Equinox: 1950.0 Flux: V = 21.5 B-V=0.0! Include at least V and B-V Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: SN1979C Alternate_Names: Description: EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA Position: RA=12H 20M 26.71S +/- 0.01S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=+16D 04' 29.5" +/- 0.2" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, Equinox: 1950.0 Flux: F(5500)=5e-18 B-V=0.0! Include at least V and B-V ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1961V Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL0 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1020S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1961V Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL60 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1020S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1961V Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL120 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1020S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 105% Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1961V Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL0 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1961V Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL60 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1961V Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL120 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1250S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 Exposure_Number: 7 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1960L Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL0 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 980S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 8 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1960L Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL60 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 980S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 9 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1960L Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL120 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 105% Exposure_Number: 10 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1960L Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL0 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 11 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1960L Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL60 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1220S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Exposure_Number: 12 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1960L Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL120 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1220S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 120% Visit_Number: 3 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 Exposure_Number: 13 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1979C Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL0 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 980S Exposure_Number: 14 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1979C Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL60 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 980S Exposure_Number: 15 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1979C Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL120 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 980S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 101% Exposure_Number: 16 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1979C Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL0 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Exposure_Number: 17 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1979C Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL60 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1220S Exposure_Number: 18 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: SN1979C Config: FOC/96 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: 512x512 Sp_Element: F342W,POL120 Wavelength: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1220S Special_Requirements: EXPAND; MAX DUR 101% ! Uncomment or copy exposure level special requirements needed ! Uncomment or copy exposure level special requirements needed ! INTeractive ACQuisition FOR ! ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR ! POSition TARGet , ! SAME POSition AS ! DO FOR TARGets ! FGS only ! PARallel WITH ! GROUP-FGS WITHIN