!__Proposal-Section__ !6131 ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 6131,v 3.1 1995/11/20 22:22:34 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Christian Ready ! Phone: 410 338-4546 , E-mail: ready@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Date generated: Mon Dec 19 08:35:01 EST 1994 ! ! ! 6/3/95 *********************************************************** ! Update to Observing_Description to take account of revised filters ! S. T. Hodgkin ! ****************************************************************** ! ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Brown Dwarf Binaries in the Pleiades Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Cool Stars Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Richard Jameson PI_Institution: Leicester University CoI_Name: Iain Steele CoI_Institution: Leicester University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Simon Hodgkin CoI_Institution: Leicester University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Nigel Hambly CoI_Institution: Queens University Belfast Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) Hambly, Hawkins & Jameson (1991, MNRAS, 251, 1) carried out a deep proper motion survey of the Pleiades discovering a large population of low mass stars. Follow-up infrared photometry (Steele, Jameson, & Hambly, 1993, MNRAS, 263, 647) showed that around 20 of the Pleiades objects were good brown dwarf candidates (ie. had M<0.08M_\odot). The Pleiades objects found appear to lie along two sequences in the I,I-K diagram which we believe to be a single star sequence and a binary star sequence. To test this supposition we request high resolution imaging using PC2 of 8 of our brown dwarf candidtes which we believe to lie in binary systems. This will allow us to determine the validity of our photometric test for binarity and hence allow an estimate of the brown dwarf binary fraction to be made. This has important consequnces for the study of the cluster mass function and ultimately for star formation theory. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: We choose to observe a small sample of 8 objects which from the I,I-K diagram have a high probability of binarity. The selection includes our faintest (and reddest) objects, and a representative sample of higher luminosity objects and is listed in Table 1 along with I magnitudes. The obvious camera to use is the Planetary Camera PC2 (to maximize spatial resolution) with the F785LP filter. This filter gives the longest wavelength response consistant with a reasonably short exposure time and thus maximizes the ability to see a `cool' companion. We have calculated exposure times to give 50\ on the central pixel assuming the magnitude of the primary is that of the combined binary. These are shown in Table 1. The maximum exposure required (for the faintest object) is 1800 sec and the minimum 600 sec. Because of the requirement to fit observations within orbits, we calculate that the best use of telescope time is to use the same exposure time for each object of 3 exposures (to provide protection against cosmic ray events and prevent saturation) each of 11 minutes duration. This will, after allowing 12 minutes for aquesition and 3 minutes per readout, completely fill the 54 minute visibility time available at the Pleiades declination for each orbit. These observations will therefore use the available telescope time to its maximium efficiency. They will also give an excellent signal to noise ratio, allowing any distortion of the point spread function to indicate binarity. As an example for a 0.08+0.04 Msun object the secondary would contribute 10\ involving higher mass BDs would obviously be easier to resolve. We also note it may be desirable to move the telescope very slightly between the 11 minute exposures in order to give better sampling of the point spread function. begincenter begintabularllll Object & I magnitude & Exposure Time to & Total Exposure Time, & & fill well to 50\ HHJ3 & 17.4 & 1800 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ5 & 17.0 & 1200 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ6 & 17.0 & 1200 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ10& 16.9 & 1100 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ11& 16.8 & 1000 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ14& 16.7 & 900 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ19& 16.4 & 700 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, HHJ36& 16.2 & 600 sec & 3*660sec=1980sec, endtabular Table 1. endcenter It would be possible to reduce the number of total orbits required by one by shortening the exposures for HHJ19 and HHJ36 to around 12 minutes and doing the observations in one orbit. This would however lower the senisitvity of the search around these objects. In addition this LaTeX template doesn't allow fractional orbits in the Observing Summary above, so we could not officially propose this split at this stage of the proposal process. In order to prove the technique Figure 2 shows a simulation of a 0.3 arcsec separated 0.08 + 0.04Msun binary (ie. primary 90\ prepared for us by the UK HST support team. The secondary may be easily distinguised. In Figure 3 we plot a crossection though the image. From this is is clear that separations down to 0.15 arcsec will be easily distinguished as separate objects, and down to 0.1 arcsec by asymetry in the PSF. Update We have changed the original program to make one 10min observation with the F702W filter in order to obtain colour information both on the binaries and the deep survey that will result from the 3 wide field cameras. The extra science easily outweighs the very small reduction in signal-to-noise. Real_Time_Justification: None. None. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: Pleiades-034850+224430 Alternate_Names: HHJ3 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 45M 53.30S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 22D 35' 22.2" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: Pleiades-034436+233442 Alternate_Names: HHJ5 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 41M 38.10S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 23D 25' 18.6" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: Pleiades-034142+235457 Alternate_Names: HHJ6 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 38M 44.40S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 23D 45' 23.6" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: Pleiades-034835+225342 Alternate_Names: HHJ10 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 45M 37.90S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 22D 44' 33.4" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034601+221229 Alternate_Names: HHJ11 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 43M 04.60S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 22D 03' 10.8" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: Pleiades-034513+235345 Alternate_Names: HHJ14 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 42M 14.40S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 23D 44' 24.2" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 7 Target_Name: Pleiades-033716+262931 Alternate_Names: HHJ19 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 34M 15.10S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 26D 19' 41.5" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Target_Number: 8 Target_Name: Pleiades-034916+232250 Alternate_Names: HHJ36 Description: STAR, Brown Dwarf Position: RA = 3H 46M 17.70S +/- 0.13S, ! Most common specification DEC = 23D 13' 43.3" +/- 2.0" ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: B1950.0 RV_or_Z: RA_PM: 0.002 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.045 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: B1989.9 Annual_Parallax: 0.01 Flux: V=21, B-V=3, I=17.4, E(B-V)=0.1 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034850+224430 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034850+224430 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034850+224430 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034436+233442 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034436+233442 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034436+233442 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 3 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034142+235457 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034142+235457 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034142+235457 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 4 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034835+225342 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034835+225342 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034835+225342 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 5 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034601+221229 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034601+221229 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034601+221229 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 6 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034513+235345 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034513+235345 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034513+235345 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 7 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-033716+262931 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-033716+262931 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-033716+262931 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 8 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034916+232250 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034916+232250 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F785LP Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 POSition TARGet 0.483,0.483 Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: Pleiades-034916+232250 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 550S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 EXPAND END ORBIT Comments: Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1 ! Only astronomers with very old 9- ! track tape drives should consider ! a blocking factor of 1 Ship_To: PI_address ! STSCI or PI_Address or ! ! Ship_Via: UPS ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT ! Overnight shipping done at PI expense Recipient_Email: ! Needed if Ship_To: is not PI_Address ! ! Let us know what you think of this template and software! ! Please send a list of your likes and dislikes to your Program Coordinator