Proposal_Information Title: Entrainment and Hotspots in the HH 47 Protostellar Jet Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Interstellar Medium Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Patrick Hartigan PI_Institution: Department of Space Physics and Astronomy CoI_Name: Jon A. Morse CoI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute CoI_Name: Bo Reipurth CoI_Institution: European Southern Observatory CoI_Name: Steve Heathcote CoI_Institution: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory CoI_Name: John C. Raymond CoI_Institution: Harvard-Smithsonian CfA Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose to obtain FOS spectra of the HH 47 protostellar jet to (1) investigate how entrainment exchanges mass between collimated outflows and the surrounding medium and (2) separate the line emission of the Mach disk from that of the bow shock for the first time in the hotspot of a jet. Our proposed spectra will target emission line structures resolved in our Cycle 4 WFPC images. HH 47 is optimal for study of entrainment and hotspot formation, processes common to most astrophysical flows, because this jet is well-resolved spatially, originates from a single, isolated dark globule with a relatively simple geometry, and the shocks in the flow are all radiative. The proposed observations will provide the fundamental data needed to model both the energy transfer occurring in entrained astrophysical flows, and the formation of shocks in hotspots. Only HST observations achieve the spatial resolution necessary to clearly resolve the entrained material and to separate the Mach disk emission from that of the bow shock in the hotspot. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: The N II Lambda6583 line is the faintest of the important diagnostic lines within the wavelength region covered by G570H, so the counts in this line determine the length of the exposures. We need adequate S/N in this line because the N II Lambda6583 line flux provides the best diagnostic for estimating the shock velocity -- the N II Lambda6583/ O I Lambda6300 line ratio varies from about 0.02 to 0.8 over the range of shock velocities (20kms\ to 60kms ) expected along the jet (Figure 4; Hartigan, Morse and Raymond 1994). In low velocity shocks, N IILambda6583 / HAlpha is ~ 0.1. The surface brightness at HAlpha measured in our WFPC images for the entrainment region near HH 47B is about 10^-15 erg cm^-2 s^-1 arcsec^-1. Hence, we expect to see 2.5* 10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1 at HAlpha through the 0.21^ * 1.7^ slit imaged onto the 1.2^ diodes. Using a flux of 2.5* 10^-17 erg cm^-2 s^-1 for N II and the formula in Table 1.2.1 of the FOS user handbook we obtain 0.0038 counts s^-1 diode^-1. A S/N of 4 for N II can be achieved in 70 minutes. The region of entrainment in HH 47B targeted in this proposal spans a distance of about 1.2^ perpendicular to the jet. We will align the slit parallel to the axis of the jet and step the slit perpendicular to the jet to measure the excitation gradient. The WFPC images indicate that 5 slit positions will sample the observed excitation gradient, which, taking into account acquisition and overhead, translates into 8 orbits. A similar calculation in the hotspot (HH 47A) for the apex of the bow shock and the sharp linear feature we identify as the Mach disk yields 2 orbits, for a total of 10 orbits requested. For both the entrainment and hotspot positions we will use the binary acquisition mode on a field star and perform a blind offset to the target position. We will use our WFPC images to measure the correct offsets. The 0.21^ * 1.7^ slit has the perfect dimensions to capture the emission from the Mach disk, and is equally suited for observation of entrainment in the jet. Real_Time_Justification: None. In addition to the WFPC-2 images of HH47, we also have an extensive set of ground based NTT images, 4-m images, Fabry- Perot data, and long slit spectroscopy of this object. We do not anticipate obtaining any additional supporting observations at this time, but should the need arise, two of us (SH, BR) reside at major ground based observatories in the southern hemisphere, and the remaining members of the team have been successful in the past in obtaining time at CTIO and other facilities. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: HH47-OFFSET Description: STAR, G V-IV Position: RA = 8H 25M 50.02S +/- 0.03S, DEC = -51D 00' 09.58" +/- 0.5", PLATE-ID=00AI Equinox: 2000 Flux: V=16.40 B-V=0.4 Comments: OFFSET STAR FOR BINARY/ACQ Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: HH47A-MD Description: ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT Position: RA-OFF = +0.1693S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = +17.613" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F-LINE(6563) = 7 +/- 3 E-16 Comments: MACH DISK IN HERBIG-HARO OBJECT HH47A Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: HH47A-BS Description: ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT Position: RA-OFF = +0.3544S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = +18.879" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F-LINE(6563) = 8 +/- 3 E-16 Comments: BOW SHOCK IN HH47A Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: HH46-JET Description: ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT Position: RA-OFF = -5.8649S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = -19.653" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F-LINE(6563) = 5 +/- 2 E-16 Comments: BALMER JET IN HH46 Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: HH46-RN Description: ISM, REFLECTION NEBULA Position: RA-OFF = -5.8951S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = -19.191" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F(6563) = 3 +/- 1.5 E-16 Comments: REFLECTION IN HH46 Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: HH47B-EDGE Description: ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT Position: RA-OFF = -3.3583S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = -3.993" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F-LINE(6563) = 1.0 +/- 0.3E-16 Comments: HH47B JET EDGE Target_Number: 7 Target_Name: HH47B-OUT Description: ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT Position: RA-OFF = -3.4101S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = -3.624" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F-LINE(6563) = 1.0 +/- 0.3E-16 Comments: HH47B JET OUTER PORTION Target_Number: 8 Target_Name: HH47B-IN Description: ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT Position: RA-OFF = -3.3280S +/- 0.1S, DEC-OFF = -4.665" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Equinox: 2000 Flux: F-LINE(6563) = 1.0 +/- 0.3E-16 Comments: HH47B JET INNER PORTION Visits Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 46.7D TO 48.7D Visit_Comments: Acquire offset star with BIN/ACQ, offset to HH47A-MD and run through exposures, then offset to HH47A-BS and run through exposures. Take WAVEs during occultation. The coords for HH47A-MD and HH47A-BS have been computed assuming the observations occur during the ORIENT 46.7D TO 48.7D window. An ORIENT which is 180D different than specified (i.e., ORIENT 226.7D TO 228.7D) is OK if this helps the schedulability. However, if the observations are scheduled at a different time than the ORIENT 46.7D TO 48.7D window, new coordinates for the targets will have to be computed due to proper motions. Exposure_Number: 101 Target_Name: HH47-OFFSET Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 16S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 102-110 Exposure_Number: 102 Target_Name: HH47A-MD Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 640S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Position for Fall 1995. Exposure_Number: 103 Target_Name: HH47A-MD Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G400H Wavelength: 3238-4781 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 600S Exposure_Number: 104 Target_Name: WAVE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G400H Wavelength: 3238-4781 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Exposure_Number: 105 Target_Name: HH47A-MD Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: 2223-3278 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 850S Exposure_Number: 106 Target_Name: HH47A-BS Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: 2223-3278 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1420S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Position for Fall 1995. Exposure_Number: 107 Target_Name: WAVE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G270H Wavelength: 2223-3278 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Exposure_Number: 108 Target_Name: HH47A-BS Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G400H Wavelength: 3238-4781 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1220S Exposure_Number: 109 Target_Name: HH47A-BS Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1000S Exposure_Number: 110 Target_Name: WAVE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 151.0D TO 153.0D Visit_Comments: Acquire offset star with BIN/ACQ, offset to HH47B-IN and run through exposures, then offset to HH47B-OUT and run through exposures, etc.. Take WAVEs during occultation. The coords for the offset targets have been computed assuming the observations occur during the July 1995 window. An ORIENT which is 180D different than specified (i.e., ORIENT 331.0D TO 333.0D) is OK if this helps the schedulability. However, if the observations are scheduled at a different time than the July window, new coordinates for the targets will have to be computed due to proper motions. Exposure_Number: 201 Target_Name: HH47-OFFSET Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACQ/BINARY Aperture: 4.3 Sp_Element: MIRROR Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 16S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 202-211 Exposure_Number: 202 Target_Name: HH46-JET Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2200S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Position for Fall 1995. Exposure_Number: 203 Target_Name: HH46-RN Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1670S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Exposure_Number: 204 Target_Name: WAVE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Exposure_Number: 207 Target_Name: HH47B-IN Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 5080S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Position for Fall 1995. Exposure_Number: 208 Target_Name: WAVE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Exposure_Number: 209 Target_Name: HH47B-OUT Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 3600S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Exposure_Number: 210 Target_Name: HH47B-EDGE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 3800S Comments: Acquire position by blind offset from HH47-OFFSET. Position for Fall 1995. Exposure_Number: 211 Target_Name: WAVE Config: FOS/RD Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25x2.0 Sp_Element: G570H Wavelength: 4571-6820 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Data_Distribution Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1 Ship_To: PI_Address ! STSCI or PI_Address or Ship_Via: UPS ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT