! GO 5920 - Newly revised and sent to STScI on 27 October, 1995 by John Huchra ! This version is to avoid earlier problems with duplication, etc. ! ! Proposal 5920, submission 1 ! PI: Jean Brodie ! Received Tue Mar 14 22:04:29 EST 1995 ! From: huchra@cfa0.harvard.edu ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 5920,v 6.1 1996/03/06 23:02:33 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Ray Lucas ! Phone: 410 338-4716 , E-mail: lucas@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Name of Phase I Proposal: brodie-423.prop ! Date generated: Sat Dec 17 10:26:36 EST 1994 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Galaxies & Clusters Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Jean Brodie PI_Institution: Lick Observatory, University of California CoI_Name: John Huchra CoI_Institution: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose to use WFPC2 imaging data to compile catalogues of globular clusters for 3 galaxies: NGC 4472, the brightest galaxy in the Virgo cluster; NGC 5846, an elliptical at the center of a poor X-ray group of galaxies and NGC 4565, an edge -on spiral galaxy. Luminosity functions will be derived which should be complete down to 27th mag. in V. The luminosity functions will be used to investigate the usefulness of globular clusters as distance indicators. Cluster colors and color gradients will be compared to the color distribution of the underlying galaxy. Surface density profiles will be compared with each other and with the underlying starlight. A major objective is to obtain accurate identifications of globular clusters for follow-up spectroscopy with the Keck telescope for abundance and kinematic studies. Spectroscopy should be feasible down to 24th magnitude which will allow the most complete study to date of extragalactic systems beyond the Local Group. For the first time elliptical galaxies' cluster systems will be compared in detail and Local Group spirals can be compared with similar galaxies at distances greater than 3 Mpc. A systematic survey of the properties of globular cluster systems as a function of parent galaxy type and environment would be an important step toward a better understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. NOTE: NGC 4365 has been substituted for NGC 4565 due to duplications, and NGC 4472 nucleus has been dropped for the same reason. No off-nuclear positions are being done for NGC 4365. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: We propose to obtain images in three positions stepping across each galaxy so as to include the nuclear region and regions on either side of the nucleus. We wish to observe in three filters (450W, 555W and 814W) at each postion to obtain color information and construct color-color diagrams. Using information from Tables 2.2, 6.1 and 6.2 in the WFPC2 Instrument Handbook (globular clusters are almost unresolved at the distance of Virgo) we calculate that, for a globular cluster spectral energy distribution, we need one orbit per galaxy position in the I filter, 1.5 orbits per galaxy position in the B filter and 0.5 orbit per galaxy position in the V filter to obtain comparable S/N in each filter. Although B observations are somewhat time-intensive, (B-I) colors will provide the best indication of metallicity (and the best cluster discrimination will be in the BVI plane) because of the long wavelength baseline and blue sensitivity. Because 555W is so efficient for globulars it costs only an extra half orbit (to be combined with the half-orbit in B) to obtain the important color-color information (we are avoiding control field observations by maximizing background galaxy rejection based on colors). Because of roll-angle considerations the filter sequence should be obtained consecutively at each galaxy position. One orbit will give 2500-3500 seconds of open shutter time for these low ecliptic latitude targets with CR splitting. We need to achieve ~ 15\ 26th V magnitude to obtain colors accurate enough for cluster discrimination. 3000 seconds in the 814W filter will yield a S/N ~ 8 at that magnitude. We will also place the PC on the galactic nucleus to maximize spatial resolution in the highest background surface brightness regions of the parent galaxies. Real_Time_Justification: None. All three galaxies are well-placed in Declination for follow up spectroscopic obseVations with the Keck telescope. We will use the coordinate list developed from the HST images to define the subsamples for brighter (V<=24) clusters to be spectroscopically studied for abundance studies and dynamical mass determinations of each galaxy's halo. Keck time has been allocated to us at the end of 1994 for our Extragalactic Globular Clusters program and we will be studying clusters in M81 and NGC 1275. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: NGC4365 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy,Elliptical Position: RA=12H 21M 55.425S +/- 0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=+07D 35' 40.26" +/- 5", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950.0 RV_or_Z: V= +1240 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=10.6 , B-V=0.96 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Correct this for SURF(V) etc. Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: NGC4472NORTH Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy,Elliptical Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=12H 27M 14.4S +/- 0.3S, ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+08D 18' 52.0" +/- 5", ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950.0 RV_or_Z: V=+997 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=9.0 , B-V=0.8 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Correct this for SURF(V). Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: NGC4472SOUTH Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy,Elliptical Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=12H 27M 14.4S +/- 0.3S, ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+08D 13' 47.0" +/- 5", ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950.0 RV_or_Z: V=+997 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=9.0, B-V=0.8 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Correct this for SURF(V) etc. Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: NGC5846 Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy,Elliptical Position: RA=15H 03M 56.912S +/- 0.3S, ! Most common specification format is DEC=+01D 47' 52.35" +/- 3", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950.0 RV_or_Z: V= +997 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=11.0 , B-V=0.8 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Correct this for SURF(V) etc. Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: NGC5846NORTH Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy,Elliptical Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=15H 03M 56.912S +/- 0.3S, ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+01D 49' 23.0" +/- 3", ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950.0 RV_or_Z: V=+997 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=11.0 , B-V=0.8 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Correct this for SURF(V). Target_Number: 6 Target_Name: NGC5846SOUTH Alternate_Names: Description: Galaxy,Elliptical Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=15H 03M 56.912S +/- 0.3S, ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+01D 45' 30.0" +/- 3", ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: 1950.0 RV_or_Z: V=+997 RA_PM: ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: V=11.0, B-V=0.8 ! Include at least V and B-V Comments: Correct this for SURF(V) etc. ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 PCS MODE Fine ! Uncomment or copy visit level special requirements needed ! Most of these requirements (including ORIENT) will limit scheduling ! PCS MODE [Fine | Gyro] ! GUIDing TOLerance ! ORIENTation TO ! ORIENTation TO FROM ! ORIENTation TO FROM NOMINAL ! SAME ORIENTation AS ! CVZ ! PARallel ! AFTER [BY [TO ]] ! AFTER ! BEFORE ! BETWEEN AND ! GROUP WITHIN