! Proposal 5910, submission 2 ! PI: Tod R. Lauer ! Received Fri Jun 9 15:53:49 EDT 1995 ! From: lauer@noao.edu ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 5910,v 3.1 1995/06/15 18:39:33 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Marc Bremmer ! Phone: 410 338-4458 , E-mail: bremmer@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Date generated: Sat Dec 17 10:08:32 EST 1994 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: The Far-Field Hubble Constant Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Galaxies & Clusters Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Tod R. Lauer PI_Institution: National Optical Astronomy Observatories CoI_Name: Edward A. Ajhar CoI_Institution: NOAO Contact: N ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Jon A. Holtzman CoI_Institution: Lowell Observatory Contact: N ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Marc Postman CoI_Institution: STScI Contact: N ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: John L. Tonry CoI_Institution: MIT Contact: N ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We request deep, near-IR (F814W) WFPC2 images of five nearby Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCG) to calibrate the BCG Hubble diagram by the Surface Brightness Fluctuation (SBF) method. Lauer & Postman (1992) show that the BCG Hubble diagram measured out to 15,000 km s^-1 is highly linear. Calibration of the Hubble diagram zeropoint by SBF will thus yield an accurate far-field measure of H_0 based on the entire volume within 15,000 km s^-1, thus circumventing any strong biases caused by local peculiar velocity fields. This method of reaching the far field is contrasted with those using distance ratios between Virgo and Coma, or any other limited sample of clusters. HST is required as the ground-based SBF method is limited to <3,000 km s^-1. The high spatial resolution of HST allows precise measurement of the SBF signal at large distances, and allows easy recognition of globular clusters, background galaxies, and dust clouds in the BCG images that must be removed prior to SBF detection. The proposing team developed the SBF method, the first BCG Hubble diagram based on a full-sky, volume-limited BCG sample, played major roles in the calibration of WFPC and WFPC2, and are conducting observations of local galaxies that will validate the SBF zeropoint (through GTO programs). This work uses the SBF method to tie both the Cepheid and Local Group giant-branch distances generated by HST to the large scale Hubble flow, which is most accurately traced by BCGs. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: Experience with nearby bright galaxies shows that the apparent fluctuation magnitude for galaxies with mean color V -I=1.20 will be /line m_I = 31.5 at a distance of 3,000 km/s. Total integration times must be long enough so that a ``typical star'' of this luminosity contributes at least 5 photons. The need for this signal level has been established from extensive ground-based work --- the distance error target of 5\ quickly below this level. For the F814W filter and WFPC2, we calculate the exposure time to receive 5 photons from a typical star at distance D as t = 6.00times10^3 sec\; (D/3000, km/s)^2 10^1.6(V-I)-1.20. The list of BCGs and total integration times are: The individual exposures will be CR-split. We will request offsets of a few WFC-pixels between the exposures to improve rejection of any residual hot pixels, as well as to improve flat-fielding and rejection of any additional CCD defects. Given the large number of exposures, we expect to obtain excellent rejection of both hot pixels and CR events. We emphasize, in any case, that the SBF method works by measuring the amplitude of the PSF power-spectrum, which can be cleanly separated from noise introduced by any low-level deviant pixels or CR events that remain. The sample of 5 galaxies is required to 1) reduce the total formal error below the nominal 5\ provide cross-checks between individual BCG, and 3) to reduce vulnerability of the calibration to choice of the fundamental rest frame of the universe. We selected the specific galaxies so that their average position in the Hubble diagram is insensitive to a number of plausible choices for the rest frame. We emphasize the strengths of our team for conducting this program. All five investigators are highly experienced with the reduction and analysis of CCD images. Tonry defined the SBF method, and with Ajhar, applied it to an extensive sample of nearby galaxies. The SBF formalism includes full treatment of both astronomical and detector sources of variance that must be accounted for before isolating the SBF signal itself. Lauer and Postman developed the BCG Hubble diagram that will be calibrated by the SBF method. Lauer, Postman, and Tonry have all worked on large scale velocity flows. Holtzman, as a member of the WFPC2 and WFPC1 teams, has been the lead for producing the WFPC2 calibration products, and has developed algorithms for rejection of CR events and hot pixels specific to the WFPC2 detectors. Lauer, as a member of the WFPC1 team, was one of the leads for the calibration of that instrument, and with Holtzman is an experienced HST researcher. Real_Time_Justification: None No coordinated or supporting observations with other facilities are required. Ground-based B and R images of all targets have already been obtained by Lauer & Postman at KPNO and CTIO. Tonry & Ajhar have defined the SBF method and investigated its systematic properties from an extensive set of ground-based images at KPNO, CTIO, and MDM. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Alternate_Names: NCG0705 Description: GALAXY, Elliptical, BCM Position: RA = 01H 52M 46.28S +/- 0.07S, DEC = +36D 09' 05.3" +/- 1" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 4831 Flux: SURF(V) = 21.4 +/- 0.3 Comments: Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 0262 Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Alternate_Names: NCG5193 Description: GALAXY, Elliptical, BCM Position: RA = 13H 31M 53.33S +/- 0.07S, DEC = -33D 14' 04.4" +/- 1" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 3644 Flux: SURF(V) = 21.4 +/- 0.3 Comments: Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 3560 Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Alternate_Names: IC4296 Description: GALAXY, Elliptical, BCM Position: RA = 13H 36M 39.06S +/- 0.07S, DEC = -33D 57' 56.7" +/- 1" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 3762 Flux: SURF(V) = 21.4 +/- 0.3 Comments: Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 3565 Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Alternate_Names: NCG7014 Description: GALAXY, Elliptical, BCM Position: RA = 21H 07M 52.28S +/- 0.07S, DEC = -47D 10' 43.4" +/- 1" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 4764 Flux: SURF(V) = 21.4 +/- 0.3 Comments: Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 3742 ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits Visit_Number: 1 Exposure_Number: 101 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 900S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.00, 0.00 Exposure_Number: 102 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.8969, 0.0946 Exposure_Number: 103 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0010, 0.8908 Exposure_Number: 104 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.1052, 0.9954 Exposure_Number: 105 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.8903, 1.1006 Exposure_Number: 106 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.9965, -0.0940 Exposure_Number: 107 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -1.1006, -0.8903 Exposure_Number: 108 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.1052, -0.9954 Exposure_Number: 109 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0895, -1.1017 Exposure_Number: 110 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.8857, -1.2058 Exposure_Number: 111 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.9931, 0.1881 Exposure_Number: 112 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.0982, 1.1835 Exposure_Number: 113 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.2017, 1.8801 Exposure_Number: 114 Target_Name: ABELL0262-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.2063, 1.9853 Visit_Number: 2 Exposure_Number: 201 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 900S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.00, 0.00 Exposure_Number: 202 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.8969, 0.0946 Exposure_Number: 203 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0010, 0.8908 Exposure_Number: 204 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.1052, 0.9954 Exposure_Number: 205 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.8903, 1.1006 Exposure_Number: 206 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.9965, -0.0940 Exposure_Number: 207 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -1.1006, -0.8903 Exposure_Number: 208 Target_Name: ABELL3560-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.1052, -0.9954 Visit_Number: 3 Exposure_Number: 301 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 900S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.00, 0.00 Exposure_Number: 302 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.8969, 0.0946 Exposure_Number: 303 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0010, 0.8908 Exposure_Number: 304 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.1052, 0.9954 Exposure_Number: 305 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.8903, 1.1006 Exposure_Number: 306 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.9965, -0.0940 Exposure_Number: 307 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -1.1006, -0.8903 Exposure_Number: 308 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.1052, -0.9954 Exposure_Number: 309 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1100S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0895, -1.1017 Exposure_Number: 310 Target_Name: ABELL3565-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1300S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.8857, -1.2058 Visit_Number: 4 Exposure_Number: 401 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 900S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.00, 0.00 Exposure_Number: 402 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.8969, 0.0946 Exposure_Number: 403 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0010, 0.8908 Exposure_Number: 404 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.1052, 0.9954 Exposure_Number: 405 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.8903, 1.1006 Exposure_Number: 406 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.9965, -0.0940 Exposure_Number: 407 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -1.1006, -0.8903 Exposure_Number: 408 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.1052, -0.9954 Exposure_Number: 409 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.0895, -1.1017 Exposure_Number: 410 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.8857, -1.2058 Exposure_Number: 411 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.9931, 0.1881 Exposure_Number: 412 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.0982, 1.1835 Exposure_Number: 413 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 2.2017, 1.8801 Exposure_Number: 414 Target_Name: ABELL3742-M1 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: PC1 Sp_Element: F814W Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1200S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 1.2063, 1.9853 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