! Proposal 5886, submission 2 ! PI: Jeffrey Linsky ! Received Thu Mar 9 18:20:50 EST 1995 ! From: woodb@casa.Colorado.EDU ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 5886,v 11.1 1995/10/16 15:23:09 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Alice Berman ! Phone: 410 338-4462 , E-mail: aberman@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: An In-depth Study of Transition Region Physics: Capella Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Cool Stars Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Jeffrey Linsky PI_Institution: University of Colorado CoI_Name: Brian Wood CoI_Institution: University of Colorado Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Dr. Tom Ayres CoI_Institution: University of Colorado Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Dr. Phil Judge CoI_Institution: High Altitude Observatory Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Dr. Alec Brown CoI_Institution: University of Colorado Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Dr. G. Harper CoI_Institution: University of Colorado Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) With the brightest UV emission line spectrum of any late-type star, Capella provides an excellent target for detailed studies of physical processes occuring in magnetically heated plasmas, commonly called transition regions, at temperatures of 10^4 - 10^5 K. In our recently completed analysis of GHRS spectra of Capella (Linsky et al. 1994), we find three distinct transition regions in the Capella system -- the plasma on the hotter star (G1 III) that emits moderately broad lines, the plasma on the cooler star (G8 III) that emits narrow lines, and microflaring plasma on the hotter star that emits very broad lines. We now propose a follow-up study to answer the critical new questions raised in the previous work that require analysis of a very different data set. Our objectives are (1) to determine the relative roles of recombination and collisional excition in the formation of the He II 1640 Angstrom line in both stars, (2) to obtain accurate values of the electron density in both the moderately broad and very broad line regions on the hotter star, (3) to obtain an accurate measurement of the differential emission measure distribution of the microflaring component, and (4) to measure the coronal Fe XXI 1354 Angstrom and Fe XII 1349 Angstrom lines for comparison with models based on x-ray data and to determine their Doppler shift and coronal turbulence. The analysis of the requested data will form a portion of Brian Wood's Ph.D thesis. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: Table 1 describes the estimated count rates (based mostly on our previous GHRS data) and observing times needed to reach S/N=30 per diode. The estimate of the Fe XXI flux comes from the measured value for AU Mic (Maran et al. 1994) since the slightly larger emission measure at 10^7 K for Capella obtained from EUVE data by Dupree et al (1994) is compensated by Capella's slightly larger distance. We require ECH-A spectra of the He II line to resolve the recombination lines from the cooler star and of the C II lines to measure the self-reversal and interstellar features. The G140M spectrum of the 1400 Angstrom region will provide additional spectral resolution compared to G160M at similar sensitivity. With COSTAR we can use the LSA with no significant loss of spectral resolution. The mean line fluxes were obtained by dividing the line flux by the observed FWHM. TABLE 1. ESTIMATED EXPOSURE TIMES Spectral & Line flux & Mean line flux &Grating & Count rate &Time (min) for Feature &(erg/cm2/s)& (erg/cm2/s/A) & &(cts/diode/s)& S/N=30/diode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C II 1335 & 1.8e-11 & 2.1e-11 & EA & 2.8 & 5.4 Fe XXI 1354& 2.4e-15 & 6.5e-15 & G160M & 0.0047 & ... O IV] 1400 & 4.3e-13 & 6.8e-13 & G140M & 0.35 & 43 O V 1371 & 3.0e-13 & 4.9e-13 & G160M & 0.34 & 44 N IV] 1486 & 1.1e-12 & 1.8e-12 & G160M & 0.88 & 17 He II 1640 & 7.6e-12 & 1.0e-11 & EA & 0.41 & 36 O III] 1666& 3.7e-12 & 6.3e-12 & G160M & 3.1 & 4.8 Table 2 summarises the actual exposures that fit into a 9 orbit program. We have increased the exposure times for the observations to fill out orbits and get better S/N in the emission lines. Our exposure time for the G160M setting at 1360 Angstroms is comparable to that used to observe the Fe XXI line in AU Mic, but the better spectral resolution with COSTAR will help in separating the Fe XXI line from the nearby C I line. It is difficult to avoid the South Atlantic Anomaly for 9 consecutive orbits, so our observations will be split into 2 visits to improve the schedulability of the proposal. The observations using the side 1 gratings (Ech-A and G140M) of the GHRS will be made during one visit and the observations using the side 2 gratings (G160M) will be made during the other visit. Target acquisition will be performed with the N1 mirror for the side 1 visit and with the A2 mirror for the side 2 visit. Most of our observations will be done with the FP-SPLIT option to optimize S/N. The Ech-A observations will be taken through the small science aperture to optimize the wavelength calibration. The other observations will be made through the large aperture to ensure photometric accuracy. Wavelength calibration images will be made before each observation. TABLE 2. PROPOSED OBSERVATIONS Grating & Central & Exp. Time & Remarks & wavelength & (min) & ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- EA & 1335 & 13 & High resolution of the C II lines G160M & 1362 & 154 & O V, Fe XXI, and Fe XII upper limit G140M & 1405 & 71 & For S/N=40 in the O IV] lines G160M & 1480 & 30 & N IV] EA & 1640 & 51 & Highest resolution of the He II feature G160M & 1655 & 18 & O III] lines and lower res. He II Real_Time_Justification: We request observations of Capella at orbital phase Phi=0.75+/- 0.05, where the ephemeris for Phi=0.0 is JH (helio) = 2,442,093.347 + 104d.0204E. Possible observing dates (can be +/- 5 days) are: 1994 day 308 (Nov 4); 1995 day 47 (Feb 16), day 151 (May 30), day 255 (Sept 12), and day 359(Dec 25): 1996 day 98 (Apr 8), 202 (July 21), 306 (Nov 1). We need to observe near a quadrature to separate in velocity the contributions of each star. Since most of our previous data were obtained near phase 0.25, we should observe near phase 0.75 to verify that we are assigning the lines to the right star. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from ! Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 ! Coordinate, PM data updated 7/10/95 - AFB Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: HD34029 Alternate_Names: CAPELLA, GSC3358-03141 Description: STAR, G III-I Position: RA = 05H 16M 41.35S +/- 0.01S, DEC = 45D 59' 52.9" +/- 0.1" Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = +29.5 RA_PM: +0.0073 Dec_PM: -0.425 Epoch: 2000.000 Annual_Parallax: 0.075 Flux: V = 0.08 +/- 0.01, B-V = 0.80 +/- 0.01, F-LINE(1335) = 21 +/- 2 E-12, ! I've listed the strongest W-LINE(1335) = 0.75 +/- 0.05, ! line in each requested F-LINE(1356) = 8 +/- 1 E-12, ! spectral region (C II, W-LINE(1356) = 0.42 +/- 0.05, ! O I], Si IV, N IV], and F-LINE(1394) = 15 +/- 1 E-12, ! He II). W-LINE(1394) = 0.83 +/- 0.02, F-LINE(1486) = 18 +/- 5 E-13, W-LINE(1486) = 0.6 +/- 0.1 Comments: F-LINE(1640) = 10 +/- 1 E-12, W-LINE(1640) = 0.74 +/- 0.03 Coordinates, PM from Hipparcos INCA ! Original values: ! Position: RA = 5H 12M 59.466S +/- 0.01S, ! DEC = +45D 56' 58.04" +/- 0.1" ! Equinox: B1950 ! RA_PM: +0.0077 ! Dec_PM: -0.423 ! Epoch: B1950 ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 1 Visit_Requirements: PERIOD 104.0204D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2442093.347 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N1 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2-4; PHASE 0.70 TO 0.80 Comments: STEP-TIME = 1.5 sec Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: G140M Wavelength: 1405 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G140M Wavelength: 1405 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 1414.4S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP Aperture: 0.25 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N1 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 37.5S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 5-8 Comments: STEP-TIME = 1.5 sec Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1335 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1335 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 761.6S !All our exposure times are in multiples of Special_Requirements: ! 27.2 seconds. Comments: Exposure_Number: 7 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1640 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 8 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1640 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1740.8S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 2 Visit_Requirements: PERIOD 104.0204D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2442093.347 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: SAA avoidance requires that we use 2 visits. We would prefer that the visits be in the same visibility period. Exposure_Number: 9 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-A2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1.8S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10-15; PHASE 0.70 TO 0.80 Comments: STEP-TIME = 0.2 sec Exposure_Number: 10 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: G160M Wavelength: 1480 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 11 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G160M Wavelength: 1480 Optional_Parameters: SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 6 Time_Per_Exposure: 299.2S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 12 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: G160M Wavelength: 1655 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 13 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G160M Wavelength: 1655 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1088.0S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 14 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: G160M Wavelength: 1362 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 15 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G160M Wavelength: 1362 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 5 Time_Per_Exposure: 1958.4S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Visit_Number: 3 Visit_Requirements: PERIOD 104.0204D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2442093.347 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N1 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 13.5S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2-4; PHASE 0.70 TO 0.80 Comments: STEP-TIME = 1.5 sec Exposure_Number: 2 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: G140M Wavelength: 1405 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G140M Wavelength: 1405 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 1414.4S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 4 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP Aperture: 0.25 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N1 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 37.5S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 5-8 Comments: STEP-TIME = 1.5 sec Exposure_Number: 5 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1335 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Exposure_Number: 6 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1335 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 761.6S !All our exposure times are in multiples of Special_Requirements: ! 27.2 seconds. Comments: Exposure_Number: 7 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: WAVE Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: SC2 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1640 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: DEF Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 8 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD34029 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 0.25 Sp_Element: ECH-A Wavelength: 1640 Optional_Parameters: FP-SPLIT=STD, SPYBAL=NO Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1740.8S Special_Requirements: ! Section 7.2 Comments: Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1 ! Only astronomers with very old 9- ! track tape drives should consider ! a blocking factor of 1 Ship_To: PI_Address ! STSCI or PI_Address or ! PI Address from Phase I is: ! ! JILA, Campus Box 440, ! University of Colorado, ! Boulder CO 80309-0440 ! ! Ship_Via: UPS ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT ! Overnight shipping done at PI expense Recipient_Email: ! Needed if Ship_To: is not PI_Address ! ! 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