5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 5879 Version: 9 Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: The Deuterium to Hydrogen Ratio in the Interstellar Medium ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Cycle Interstellar Medium GO 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Investigators Contact? PI: Richard C. Henry The Johns Hopkins University CoI: Wayne Landsman STX Corporation N CoI: Jean Audouze CNRS Institut d'Astrophysique N CoI: Alec Brown JILA, University of Colorado N CoI: Ken Gayley JILA, University of Colorado N CoI: Jeffrey Linsky JILA, University of Colorado N CoI: Warren Moos The Johns Hopkins University N CoI: Jayant Murthy The Johns Hopkins University Y CoI: A. Vidal-Madjar CNRS Institut d'Astrophysique N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Abstract We will use the GHRS to study the deuterium to hydrogen ratio in the local interstellar medium through observations of their interstellar absorption against the chromospheric HI Lyman-Alpha emission line of 7 nearby late-type stars. This method provides the only reliable determination of the D/H ratio in a setting where the processing of primordial deuterium is relatively well understood. Except for the observation of Linsky et al. (1993), all previous attempts to determine this ratio in the LISM have been compromised by poor signal-to-noise and insufficient instrumental resolution and the best numbers are on the order of 1.0times10^-5 implying a baryon density on the order of 1.0times10^-30 g cm^-3 in the universe. With observations of several stars in different directions we expect to determine the best value for the D/H ratio in the local interstellar medium and to either prove or lay to rest controversial claims of local variations in the ratio. As optical measurements have revealed several velocity components on scales of 5 pc and less in the LISM, we also plan to observe interstellar MgII and, where possible, FeII absorption lines against the same stars. These narrow features will allow us to discriminate between the different velocity components and thus model more precisely the interstellar HI absorption profile. We will thus also be able to place strong constraints on the column density, velocity dispersion, and bulk motion of the interstellar gas along many different lines of sight. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ We are planning to observe 7 late-type stars in the immediate vicinity of the Sun. These stars have been selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-Alpha flux and the likelihood of being behind a small enough column density of HI to allow detection of the interstellar DI feature. The stars are well distributed in galactic coordinates and will thus allow a determination of the D/H ratio in different environments over different pathlengths. We will also observe interstellar MgII absorption, and FeII absorption where possible, to fully resolve the velocity structure of the gas in the line of sight. All of our Lyman-Alpha observations are to be made through the Echelle-A of the GHRS. We have chosen an exposure time of 1 hour at Lyman-Alpha for each of our cool stars, yielding expected S/N between 60 and 130. The FeII (2600 A) and MgII (2800 A) lines will be observed through Echelle-B with an exposure time of 2 minutes for each line, yielding S/N of between 80 and 170. Note that we will only observe FeII toward the two stars Beta-Cas and Alpha-Tri. Real Time Justification ----------------------- There are optimum times of the year (typically a three month window) for obtaining Lyman-Alpha observations toward late- type stars. These times are when the velocity of the Earth is such that geocoronal Lyman-Alpha (arising in the Earth's atmosphere) is centered in the core of the HI absorption profile, where it may easily isolated and removed. This strategy has been successfully used in both our Copernicus and IUE observations (see Murthy et al. 1987). In addition, we wish to observe Sigma-Gem at two different phases to disentangle stellar features from the interstellar lines. No supporting or coordinated observations are needed. Calibration Justification ------------------------- None Additional Comments ------------------- We are planning to use the interstellar absorption lines at Mg 2800 A to extract different velocity components along the line of sight to each star. We will then apply these ISM velocities to our observations at Lyman-Alpha. We (in consultation with our P.C.) tentatively concluded that no special wavelength calibrations were needed but want to make sure of that. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Data Distribution Media: 8MM Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: UPS Email: , ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 3] TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD432 STAR, F0-F2 RA = 00H 09M 10.63S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=+012 F(1215) = 10 +/- 5 E-12 DEC = 59D 08' 59.8" +/- 0.1" F(2600) = 10 +/- 3 E-11 F(2800) = 4 +/- 1 E-11 V = 2.28 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 0.0679 -0.177 0.0692 2 HD11443 STAR, F3-F9 RA = 01H 53M 4.86S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=-013 F(1215) = 11 +/- 5 E-12 DEC = 29D 34' 44.3" +/- 0.1" F(2600) = 10 +/- 3 E-11 F(2800) = 4 +/- 1 E-11 V = 3.40 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 0.0008 -0.229 0.0534 3 HD62044 STAR, K III-I RA = 07H 43M 18.69S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=+046 F(1215) = 3 +/- 1 E-11 DEC = 28D 53' 0.4" +/- 0.1" F(2800) = 4 +/- 1 E-11 V = 4.30 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 0.0051 -0.234 0.0178 4 HD62509 STAR, K III-I RA = 07H 45M 18.95S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=+003 F(1215) = 17 +/- 3 E-12 DEC = 28D 01' 34.2" +/- 0.1" F(2800) = 4 +/- 1 E-11 V = 1.10 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 -0.0474 -0.051 0.0969 5 HD4128 STAR, K III-I RA = 00H 43M 35.36S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=+013 F(1215) = 18 +/- 2 E-12 DEC = -17D 59' 11.7" +/- 0.1" F(2800) = 10 +/- 1 E-11 V = 2.07 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA 6/12/95 Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 0.163 -0.036 0.061 6 HD22049 STAR, K V-IV RA = 03H 32M 55.84S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=+015 F(1215) = 10 +/- 2 E-12 DEC = -09D 27' 29.7" +/- 0.1" F(2800) = 5 +/- 1 E-11 V = 3.70 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 -0.0662 0.019 0.3056 7 HD111812 STAR, G III-I RA = 12H 51M 41.92S +/- 0.01S, J2000 V=-001 F(1215) = 8 +/- 2 E-12 DEC = 27D 32' 26.4" +/- 0.1" F(2800) = 10 +/- 3 E-12 V = 4.90 Comments: Coordinates are from Hipparcos INCA Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.000 -0.0010 -0.013 0.0096 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 17-APR-95 AND 5-NOV-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: CAN BE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD432 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 BRIGHT=RETURN 1 9S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-4 Comments: STEP-TIME=1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD432 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2600 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD432 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2800 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD432 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 19 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 10-MAY-95 AND 17-OCT-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: CAN BE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD11443 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 9S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-4 Comments: STEP-TIME=1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD11443 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2600 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD11443 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2800 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD11443 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 11 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 29-JUL-95 AND 31-DEC-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: CAN USE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD62044 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 72S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=8S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD62044 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2800 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 108.8S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD62044 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 11 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 29-JUL-95 AND 31-DEC-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: CAN USE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD62509 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 BRIGHT=RETURN 1 45S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=5S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD62509 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2800 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD62509 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 18 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 8] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 8-AUG-95 AND 18-OCT-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: ALSO 1-MAR-96 AND 11-MAY-96; CAN USE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD4128 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 45S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=5S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD4128 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2800 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD4128 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 11 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 9] Visit: 06 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 21-MAY-95 AND 20-OCT-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: CAN ALSO USE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD22049 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 45S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=5S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD22049 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2600 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD22049 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 17 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 10] Visit: 07 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 3-AUG-95 AND 4-OCT-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: ALSO 08-MAR-96 AND 9-JUNE-96; CAN USE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD111812 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 45S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=5S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD111812 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2600 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 326.4S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD111812 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 17 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 11] Visit: 08 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 29-JUL-95 AND 31-DEC-95 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: CAN USE SAME DATES IN 1996 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD62044 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 72S ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=8S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD62044 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 2800 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 1 108.8S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD62044 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-A 1215 FP-SPLIT=FOUR 11 435.2S DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5879( 9) - 11/20/95 14:37 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 5879 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BRIGHT=RETURN FP-SPLIT=FOUR DOPPLER=ON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category Interstellar Medium ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 17-APR-95 AND 5-NOV-95 ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-4 BETWEEN 10-MAY-95 AND 17-OCT-95 BETWEEN 29-JUL-95 AND 31-DEC-95 ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 2-3 BETWEEN 8-AUG-95 AND 18-OCT-95 BETWEEN 21-MAY-95 AND 20-OCT-95 BETWEEN 3-AUG-95 AND 4-OCT-95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR-A2 ECH-B ECH-A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD432 HD11443 HD62044 HD62509 HD4128 HD22049 HD111812 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------