! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 5857,v 8.1 1995/08/11 19:53:08 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Karla Peterson ! Phone: 410 338-4774, E-mail: peterson@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from your ! Phase I proposal. ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: Is Mixing or Mass Loss the Cause of the Decline in ^12C/^13C in Evolved Halo Stars? Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Cool Stars Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: Constantine Deliyannis PI_Institution: Yale University CoI_Name: Douglas Duncan CoI_Institution: University of Chicago Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose to make Boron observations which can definitively distinguish between mass loss and mixing as the cause of the low ^12C/^13C ratios seen in evolved halo stars. Rarely can a few key observations in astronomy definitively distinguish between alternate scenarios for an interesting, well defined, and instructive problem. This long-standing problem involves the low ^12C/^13C isotope ratios observed in evolved halo stars, which signal a fundamental failure of the standard stellar evolution theory. As standard models evolve off the main sequence and their convection zones deepen, CN- synthesized ^13C is dredged up, lowering slightly the ^12C/^13C ratio from ~ 90 to a final minimum of ~ 30 -- 60, in agreement with observation. However, the observed carbon isotope ratio in more evolved stars declines precipitously, contradicting the models, and reaches the CN-cycle equilibrium value of 3 -- 4. Several mechanisms have been proposed in the past to explain the low ratios. Mass loss and rotational (or other) mixing remain viable today. Lithium abundances offer some evidence in favor of mixing, but are inconclusive. Boron abundances will remain constant in the case of mass loss, decline below their maximal dilution value in the case of mixing, allowing the proposed observations to clearly discriminate between the models. This result may have important implications for cosmology as well (globular cluster ages, or big bang nucleosynthesis and dark matter). Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: A single GHRS observation will be made of each star (below), using the G270M grating centered at 2500 A, the wavelength of the B resonance lines. The same techniques (FP- SPLIT, the best vignetting corrections, etc.) used for achieving the highest S/N in our Cycle 0, 2, and 3 projects (section 14) will be used here. All long exposures will be broken into subexposures as is recommended. Our first target is HD 211998 (Nu Indi), in which Li dilution has progressed significantly, but B dilution should just be starting. Next, we wish to observe HD 175305 to establish empirically the maximum standard Boron dilution (see Figure 1b). Next is HD 3546, with Li detected (the ONLY such detection) about one order of magnitude below the subgiant diluted Li plateau, and with 12C/13C ratio (at ~ 8) well below that of standard models. With this star we catch the responsible mechanism in the act. Finally, we wish to observe HD 122563, in which Li is at least another factor of 3 -- 4 lower, and in which the 12C/13C ~ 4 is equal (or nearly equal) to its CN-cycle equilibrium value. We also would like to observe Groombridge 1830 (HD 103095), as described in section 10. Depletion of subgiant Boron abundances will be determined by comparing to the mean B-Fe trend defined by Duncan et al 1993, and our Cycle 3 and 4 projects (section 14). Note that in extensive Beryllium studies underway with the Keck and other telescopes, we have found that the Be-Fe trend in normal dwarfs is very tight. Since it is thought that Be and B are produced together by cosmic rays interacting with the ISM, this re-inforces the tightness of the calibrating B-Fe relation. Our previous experience has verified that S/N ~ 100 is best to derive accurate abundances from the weak B lines.We have used the absolute fluxes at 2500 A for our program stars HD 175305, 3546, 122596, and 103095 observed with IUE and reported by Cacciari et al 1985, A&AS, 61, 407, to determine directly the required exposure times. For HD 211998, which is just slightly hotter than HD 175305 (and thus has just slightly more flux at 2500 A than HD 175305), we conservatively assumed the flux from HD 175305, taking into account the difference in V magnitudes. Real_Time_Justification: Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets ! Section 5.1 Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: HD175305 Alternate_Names: BD+74D792 Description: STAR,G V-IV Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=18H 47M 06.35S +/- 0.08", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+74D 43' 31.3" +/- 0.08" ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = -182 RA_PM: 0.0789 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: 0.081 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: J2000 Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 7.20 +/- 0.02, ! Include at least V and B-V B-V = 0.75 +/- 0.02, E(B-V) = 0.03 +/- 0.02, U-B = 0.14 +/- 0.02 Comments: Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: HD211998 Alternate_Names: HR8515,NU-INDI Description: STAR, G V-IV Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=22H 24M 37.17S +/- 0.07", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=-72D 15' 20.5" +/- 0.07" ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = 24 RA_PM: 0.2901 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.690 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: J2000 Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 5.28 +/- 0.01, ! Include at least V and B-V B-V = 0.66 +/- 0.02, E(B-V) = 0.045 +/- 0.03, U-B = -0.05 +/- 0.03 Comments: Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: HD3546 Alternate_Names: HR163, BD+28D103 Description: STAR, G V-IV Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=0H 38M 33.35S +/- 0.01", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+29D 18' 42.3" +/- 0.01" ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = -83 RA_PM: -0.0174 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.254 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: J2000 Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 4.37 +/- 0.02, ! Include at least V and B-V B-V = 0.87 +/- 0.02, E(B-V) = 0.0 +/- 0.02, U-B = 0.47 +/- 0.02 Comments: Target_Number: 4 Target_Name: HD122563 Alternate_Names: HR5270, BD+10D2617 Description: STAR, G V-IV Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=14H 02M 31.83S +/- 0.07", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+9D 41' 09.6" +/- 0.07" ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = -24 RA_PM: -0.0131 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -0.075 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: J2000 Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 6.20 +/- 0.02, ! Include at least V and B-V B-V = 0.91 +/- 0.02, E(B-V) = 0.0 +/- 0.02, U-B = 0.38 +/- 0.02 Comments: Target_Number: 5 Target_Name: HD103095 Alternate_Names: HR4550, Gmb1830 Description: STAR, G V-IV Position: ! Most common specification format is RA=11H 52M 58.77S +/- 0.01", ! RA=0H 0M 0.00S +/- 0S, DEC=+37D 43' 07.4" +/- 0.02" ! DEC=0D 0' 0.0" +/- 0", ! PLATE-ID=0000 Equinox: J2000 RV_or_Z: V = -98 RA_PM: 0.3374 ! Units are seconds of time per year Dec_PM: -5.813 ! Units are seconds of arc per year Epoch: J2000 Annual_Parallax: Flux: V = 6.45 +/- 0.02, ! Include at least V and B-V B-V = 0.75 +/- 0.02, E(B-V) = 0.0 +/- 0.01, U-B = 0.16 +/- 0.02 Comments: ! This is a template for a single visit containing a single exposure ! Repeat exposure and visit blocks as needed Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 10 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD175305 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 5.0S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11-13 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME=0.2S Exposure_Number: 11 ! FILL UP ORBIT 1 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD175305 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1414.4s Special_Requirements: SEQ 10-11 NON-INT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 12 ! FILL UP ORBIT 2 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD175305 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 1305.6s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 13 ! FILL UP ORBIT 3 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD175305 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 3 Time_Per_Exposure: 1305.6s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 20 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD211998 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 5.0S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 21 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME=0.2S Exposure_Number: 21 ! FILL UP ORBIT FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD211998 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1523.2s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 30 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD3546 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 5.0S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 31-32 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME=0.2S Exposure_Number: 31 ! FILL UP ORBIT 1 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD3546 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 32 ! FILL UP ORBIT 2 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD3546 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 04 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 40 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 5.0S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 41-46 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-TIME=0.2S Exposure_Number: 41 ! FILL UP ORBIT 1 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 42 ! FILL UP ORBIT 2 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 43 ! FILL UP ORBIT 3 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 44 ! FILL UP ORBIT 4 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 45 ! FILL UP ORBIT 5 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 46 ! FILL UP ORBIT 6 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD122563 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number: 05 Visit_Requirements: ! Section 7.1 On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 50 ! Section 6.5 Target_Name: HD103095 Config: HRS Opmode: ACQ Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: BRIGHT=RETURN, SEARCH-SIZE=5 Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 5.0S Special_Requirements: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 51-52 ! Section 7.2 Comments: STEP-SIZE=0.2S Exposure_Number: 51 ! FILL UP ORBIT 1 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD103095 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT ! Section 7.2 Exposure_Number: 52 ! FILL UP ORBIT 2 FOR THIS TARGET Target_Name: HD103095 Config: HRS Opmode: ACCUM Aperture: 2.0 Sp_Element: G270M Wavelength: 2498.0 Optional_Parameters: STEP-PATT=DEF, FP-SPLIT=STD, COMB=FOUR, DOPPLER=DEF Number_of_Iterations: 2 Time_Per_Exposure: 1196.8s Special_Requirements: NO SPLIT Data_Distribution Medium: 8MM Blocking_Factor: 10 Ship_To: PI_Address Ship_Via: UPS Recipient_Email: