! Proposal 5827, submission 1 ! PI: David V. Bowen ! Received Wed Mar 8 17:20:22 EST 1995 ! From: bowen@stsci.edu ! Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 5 (1995) Phase II Proposal Template ! $Id: 5827,v 3.1 1995/11/20 23:08:39 pepsa Exp $ ! ! Refer to the HST Phase II Proposal Instructions to fill this out ! ! Anything after a "!" is ignored, and may be deleted ! ! All keywords with multiple entries are comma delimited except the ! Visit_Requirements and Special_Requirements keywords which can be ! delimited with carriage returns or semi-colons, but not commas ! ! For help call your Program Coordinator: Andy Lubenow ! Phone: 410 338-4928 , E-mail: lubenow@stsci.edu ! ! This partially completed template was generated from a Phase I proposal. ! Name of Phase I Proposal: bowen-754.prop ! Date generated: Fri Dec 16 14:36:13 EST 1994 ! Proposal_Information ! Section 4 Title: The Interstellar medium of Nearby Galaxies using Supernovae as Probes Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Interstellar Medium Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_name: David V. Bowen PI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute CoI_Name: J. Chris Blades CoI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: Katherine Roth CoI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) CoI_Name: David Meyer CoI_Institution: Northwestern University Contact: ! Y or N (designate at most one contact) Abstract: ! Free format text (please update) We propose using ECH-B and G140L gratings of the GHRS to observe the one bright (V < 12.5) supernova which is likely to occur during Cycle 5 in order to probe the interstellar gas of the host galaxy as well as gas in the local Galactic halo. We wish to observe Mg II and Mg I absorption lines with ECH-B; the 3 kms\ echelle resolution will enable us to resolve individual components within the absorption lines, study the kinematic structure of the absorbing gas, and derive accurate column densities and Doppler parameters of absorbing clouds. We would use the G140L grating to search for C IV and Si IV absorption, as well as strong low ionization lines of O I, C II, Ni II & Si II from both the host galaxy and the Milky Way. C IV/C II & Si IV/Si II ratios will then provide details on the ionization conditions in the gas. Information on interstellar absorption from any low-redshift galaxy other than our own is sparse, and our aim is to detect lines whose strengths and structures can be compared with Galactic absorption and absorption seen at high redshift in QSO spectra. Should a SN occur with V < 11, we would add exposures of C IV with the G160M grating, Zn II, Cr II with the G190M grating, and LyAlpha absorption with the G140L grating. Such data would allow us to calculate metallicities and depletions of intervening gas clouds, values which can be compared with higher redshift abundance studies. Questions ! Free format text (please update) Observing_Description: Discoveries of SNae are announced via IAU Telegrams. We would activate our ToO based on the visual magnitude of the object or knowledge of the flux if IUE spectra are available (as they have been in the past). Another criterion is that the redshift of the host galaxy must lie at a systemic velocity such that absorption from the host would not be blended with local Milky Way gas. Fluxes of SN observed with IUE and HST at 2800 Angstrom\ show a correlation with visual magnitude, hence we are able to estimate required exposure times for SN of given magnitudes. A few SN have been observed in the far UV, and we adopt F_Lambda(1550) ~ 0.8times10^-14 \flux\ at V ~ 12.5. We propose the following set of observations, depending on the magnitude of the SN: vspace*0.5cm Case 1: for SN with magnitudes in the range 11.0 < V <= 12.5, or F_Lambda(2800) >= 1.5times10^-14 \flux we would observe Mg II and Mg I with ECH-B. This lower limit to the observed flux would give a count rate of ~eq 70 \cdh . We achieve a S/N of at least 10 pixel^-1 (assuming half-stepped data) in 4.3 hrs for each of the settings, giving 3Sigma equivalent width limits of 10 mAngstrom . We would also observe far UV absorption lines using the G140L. For F_Lambda(1550) = 0.8times10^-14 \flux\ (V ~ 12.5) count rates of 200 \cdh\ are reached, giving 3Sigma equivalent width limits of at least 0.15 Angstrom\ in 2.0 hrs. The programme is complete after 14 orbits. vspace*0.5cm Case 2: in the unlikely event that a SN with V< 11.0 occurs, we would perform the same observations described above, plus add observations of C IV with the G160M, and Zn II & Cr II with the G200M. For the same 14 orbits requested, we can achieve the same equivalent width limits for the ECH-B and G140L gratings, plus reach 3Sigma equivalent width limits of 20 mAngstrom\ with the G190M (in 4.8 hrs), and 50 mAngstrom\ with the G160M (in 1.5 hrs). Real_Time_Justification: The magnitude limit which will determine whether this ToO programme would be activated is based on the frequency of V < 12.5 SNae. Fig. 3 shows the number of SNae per year within this limit frequency for the last 14 years, based on the compilation by Barbon, Capellaro & Turatto (1989) and IAU Telegrams from 1990 to June 1994. The figure shows that we can expect roughly 1 SN brighter than 12.5 during a cycle, a prediction confirmed during Cycles 2-4. As the UV flux of SNae are known to drop sharply after the explosion, we would activate our proposal immediately. Observations of SN 1993J, SN 1992A & SN1994I demonstrate that HST is well able to respond to these ToOs. We will seek to obtain ground-based optical data to complement the HST data we obtain. Calibration_Justification: ! Move appropriate text from Real_Time_Justification The most accurate wavelength calibration possible is required so that the HST data can be compared with optical data obtained at echelle resolutions from the ground. Hence WAVE exposures are requested. Additional_Comments: Generic_Targets ! Section 5.3 Target_Number:1 Target_Name:SN1995X Description:ext-star,supernova;ext-medium,absorption line system Criteria:SN must be brighter than one of the quoted fluxes to execute Flux:V=12.5,F(2800)=1.5e-14 Comments: Visits ! Section 6 Visit_Number:10 Visit_Requirements:ON HOLD;GROUP 10-11 WITHIN 12H On_Hold_Comments:Visits 10-11 conditional on SN fainter than V=11, brighter than V=12.5 Visit_Comments:First visit for MgII and far UV ions. Visit 11 should follow visit 10 ASAP ! ********************************ACQ begins***************************** Exposure_Number:100 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACQ Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters:bright=return;search-size=3 Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:18s Special_Requirements:ONBOARD ACQUISITION FOR 200-400 Comments: STEP-TIME=2s ! **********************END OF ACQ********************************* ! **********************ECH settings, MgII********************* Exposure_Number:200 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2800.5 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments:Wave calib for 300. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity Exposure_Number:300 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2800.5 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;step-patt=7;doppler=def;spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:30 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing MgII. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. 1st set of exposures. Exposure_Number:350 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2800.5 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments:Wave calib for 370, really to set SPYBAL again. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. When orbit length known, WAVE should not cross occultation. Exposure_Number:370 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2800.5 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;step-patt=7;doppler=def;spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:35 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s ! 27.2 sec is min exp, Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing MgII. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. 2nd set of exposures. Total req=4.3hrs Exposure_Number:400 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:G140L Wavelength:1421 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two Number_of_Iterations:23 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing high ions in far UV. Total req=2.0 hrs. ! ****************************************************************** ! End of First visit, ! Start second visit to do MgI ! ******************************************************************* Visits Visit_Number:11 Visit_Requirements:ON HOLD;GROUP 10-11 WITHIN 12H On_Hold_Comments:Conditional on SN fainter than V=11, brighter than V=12.5 Visit_Comments:Second set of orbits, observing MgI ! **************************Re-ACQ the SN***************************** Exposure_Number:500 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACQ Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters:bright=return;search-size=3 Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:18s Special_Requirements:ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 600-700 Comments: STEP-TIME=2s Exposure_Number:600 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2852.0 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments: Wave calib for 700. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. Exposure_Number:700 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2852.0 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;step-patt=7;doppler=def;spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:30 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing MgI. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. 1st set of exposures. Exposure_Number:750 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2852.0 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments: Wave calib for 790, really for setting SPYBAL. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. When orbit length known, WAVE should not cross occultation. Exposure_Number:790 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2852.0 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;step-patt=7;doppler=def;spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:35 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing MgI. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. 2nd set of exposures. Total Time Needed=4.3hrs. ! ******************************************************************** ! End of both visits for faint SN ! Second set of visits for brighter SN ! ******************************************************************** Visit_Number:20 Visit_Requirements:ON HOLD; GROUP 20-21 WITHIN 12H On_Hold_Comments:Visits 20-21 conditional on SN brighter than V=11 Visit_Comments:Visit 21 should follow 20 asap. First group to observe far UV and MgII ! **************************Begin ACQ************************* Exposure_Number:100 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACQ Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters:bright=return;search-size=3 Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:18s Special_Requirements:ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 200-700 Comments: STEP-TIME=2s ! ***********************End of ACQ*********************** Exposure_Number:200 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:G160M Wavelength:1550.0 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments: Wave calib for 300. Searching for CIV. Since UV flux of SN dies rapidly, far UV observations should be made first Exposure_Number:300 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:G160M Wavelength:1550.0 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:30 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments:Observing CIV. Total Time Needed=1.5 hrs ! ***************************Back to echs*************************** Exposure_Number:500 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2800.5 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments:Wave calib for 600. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. When orbit length known, WAVE should not cross occultation. Exposure_Number:600 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2800.5 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;step-patt=7;doppler=def; spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:22 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing MgII. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. Total Time Needed=1.3 hrs Exposure_Number:700 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:G140L Wavelength:1310 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two Number_of_Iterations:11 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing high ions in far UV, including Lyman-a. Total T req=0.5 hrs ! ****************************************************************** ! End of first visit; begin 2nd visit for MgI and Zn, Cr ! ****************************************************************** Visit_Number:21 Visit_Requirements:ON HOLD; GROUP 20-21 WITHIN 12H On_Hold_Comments:Visits 20-21 conditional on SN brighter than V=11 Visit_Comments:Visit 21 should follow 20 asap. Second group to observe MgI and Zn, Cr ! ******************************Begin re-ACQ************************* Exposure_Number:700 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACQ Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:MIRROR-N2 Wavelength: Optional_Parameters:bright=return;search-size=3 Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:18s Special_Requirements:ONBOARD ACQuisition FOR 800-950 Comments: STEP-TIME=2s ! *******************************End re-ACQ*************************** Exposure_Number:800 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:G200M Wavelength:2060.0 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;spybal=yes Number_of_Iterations:29 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments:Observing Zn & Cr. Correct wavelength setting for G200M is unknown, and depends critically on host galaxy velocity. 1st set. Exposure_Number:850 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:G200M Wavelength:2060.0 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;spybal=yes Number_of_Iterations:38 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments:Observing Zn & Cr. Correct wavelength setting for G200M is unknown, and depends critically on host galaxy velocity. 2nd set. Total Time Needed=5.0 hrs Exposure_Number:900 Target_Name:wave Config:HRS Opmode:accum Aperture:SC2 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2852.0 Optional_Parameters: Number_of_Iterations:1 Time_Per_Exposure:def Special_Requirements: Comments: Wave calib for 950. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. When orbit length known, WAVE should not cross occultation. Exposure_Number:950 Target_Name:SN1995X Config:HRS Opmode:ACCUM Aperture:2.0 Sp_Element:ECH-B Wavelength:2852.0 Optional_Parameters:fp-split=two;step-patt=7;doppler=def; spybal=no Number_of_Iterations:22 Time_Per_Exposure:217.6s Special_Requirements: Comments: Observing MgI. Correct wavelength setting for ECH-B is unknown, and depends on host galaxy velocity. Total Time Needed=1.3 hrs Data_Distribution ! Defaults indicated; change if desired Medium: 8MM ! 8MM or 6250BPI or 1600BPI Blocking_Factor: 10 ! 10 or 1 ! Only astronomers with very old 9- ! track tape drives should consider ! a blocking factor of 1 Ship_To: stsci ! ! Ship_Via: Internal ! UPS (2-day) or OVERNIGHT ! Overnight shipping done at PI expense Recipient_Email: ! Needed if Ship_To: is not PI_Address ! ! Let us know what you think of this template and software! ! Please send a list of your likes and dislikes to your Program Coordinator