! $Id: 5465,v 15.1 1994/07/27 18:18:42 pepsa Exp $ coverpage: title_1: WFPC 2 IMAGING OF TWO GALAXY CLUSTERS AT Z=1.2 sci_cat: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS sci_subcat: CLUSTERS/LENSES proposal_for: GO pi_fname: MARK pi_lname: DICKINSON pi_inst: 3470 pi_country: USA pi_phone: 510 642 6110 hours_pri: 17.50 num_pri: 1 wf_pc: Y off_fname: HERVEY off_lname: STOCKMAN off_title: DEPUTY DIRECTOR off_inst: 3470 off_addr_1: SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE off_addr_2: 3700 SAN MARTIN DR. off_city: BALTIMORE off_state: MD off_zip: 21218 off_country: USA off_phone: 410 338 4730 ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: Using deep optical and infrared images taken at the KPNO 4m, we have line_2: identified two rich galaxy clusters around 3CR radio galaxies at z=1.2 line_3: These are perhaps the most distant clusters yet observed. line_4: The clusters appear to have a large population of extremely red members, line_5: contrary to naive expectations from an extrapolation of the line_6: Butcher-Oemler effect to large redshift. Both clusters apparently include line_7: galaxies as red as present day (z=0) ellipticals redshifted out to z=1.2. line_8: We propose to obtain deep HST images with WFPC 2 in order to examine the line_9: morphological types of these very red galaxies, and to study the line_10: properties of cluster galaxies in general at very large cosmic lookback line_11: times. We hope to investigate: whether the red galaxies are in fact line_12: relatively "unevolved" ellipticals; how their structural parameters compare line_13: to elliptical galaxies today; whether S0 galaxies exist at z=1.2; the line_14: frequency of interactions and mergers in very high redshift clusters; line_15: and the morphologies of cluster galaxies bluer than the "red envelope" line_16: galaxies. By imaging the radio galaxies themselves with the PC camera, line_17: we will obtain extremely deep images of these giant, morphologically line_18: peculiar objects. Finally, we will look for evidence of line_19: gravitational lensing of faint, extremely distant background sources by line_20: these high redshift clusters. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: DICKINSON fname: MARK inst: 3470 country: USA ! lname: SPINRAD fname: HYRON inst: 1500 country: USA ! lname: EISENHARDT fname: PETER inst: 2370 country: USA ! lname: STANFORD fname: S. ADAM inst: 2370 country: USA ! lname: DJORGOVSKI fname: STANISLAV inst: 1590 country: USA ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: Deep WFPC2 imaging of the z=1.2 radio galaxy 3C324 and the extremely faint line_2: cluster companions in the surrounding field will be obtained through the line_3: F702W filter. The radio galaxy itself (whose coordinates are those specified line_4: in the target information section) will be placed onto the PC1 planetary line_5: camera CCD to obtain high spatial resolution images. We request a line_6: particular orientation with the ORIENT parameter to optimally position the line_7: other galaxies of interest from the surrounding cluster onto the other WFPC2 line_8: CCDs, and to keep them away from the interstices between the CCDs as much as line_9: is possible in order to avoid possible image degradation and light loss. line_10: The galaxies in the cluster are distributed out to the limits of the WFPC2 line_11: field of view. Thus the ORIENT angle we specify and the range of acceptable line_12: angles around it is fairly tightly constrained. An alternative ORIENT angle line_13: (approx. ORIENT=155D) is possible if the one we have specified proves to be line_14: too difficult to schedule; please contact the P.I. if this becomes necessary, line_15: as it may also require revisions to the POS TARG parameters. We have line_16: divided our total exposure time into many individual 2200s exposures, line_17: i.e. approximately the unocculted period of one orbit after allowing line_18: overhead time for guide star re-acquisition. We wish to maximize the per line_19: orbit exposure time in order to minimize the effects of readout noise; if line_20: during scheduling it becomes possible to increase this amount over 2200s, line_21: we would like to do so. Similarly, we hope that it will not be necessary to line_22: reduce the per orbit exposure time below approx. 2000s. We set CR-SPLIT=NO line_23: because many separate exposures will be obtained at each telescope ! question: 3 section: 2 line_1: pointing, facilitating cosmic ray removal without the need for CR-SPLIT. line_2: We have divided our observation into 4 groups of 7 exposures each. Within line_3: each group of 7, we will maintain the same FGS lock position. The telescope line_4: pointing is then offset between one group and the next by a small amount line_5: using a POS TARG command. This will result in the observations being taken line_6: in a small, square raster pattern in order to expose the objects to line_7: several portions of the WFPC2 CCDs and thus minimize the impact of any line_8: defects in the arrays. We request the same ORIENT angle for all of the line_9: exposures. Finally, we have included an "extra" 1400s exposure as line_10: LINENUM=5.0 in the exposure log sheet in order to fill out the allocated line_11: 21 hours of spacecraft time. ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: As for most WFPC-2 programs, the primary justification for observing with line_2: HST is its high angular resolution. At z=1.2, the linear scale corresponding line_3: to 1 arcsecond is 8.5 kpc for q0=0.5 and 12 kpc for q0=0 (H0=50 km/s/Mpc). line_4: It is essentially impossible to obtain useful morphological information with line_5: even the best ground-based seeing for any galaxies at this redshift except line_6: the giant radio galaxies. Without HST imaging, we can only measure global line_7: spectrophotometric properties for these galaxies. Their morphological types, line_8: the details of their structure, and their close interactions with other line_9: galaxies remain invisible from the ground. line_11: HST imaging of clusters at z=0.4 has provided a remarkably dynamic picture line_12: of activity: observations of spiral structure of many blue cluster members, line_13: evidence for frequent galaxy-galaxy interactions, and morphological/color line_14: correlations are permitting a thorough analysis of the evolutionary state of line_15: galaxies in clusters at modest lookback times. With the corrected optics of line_16: WFPC-2 we can now extend this work out to z > 1, where our ground--based images line_17: barely provide evidence for spatial extent, and give no clues as to the Hubble line_18: types of cluster members. In our two target clusters, the very red colors line_19: we observe for some of the galaxies lead us to infer that they are line_20: early type systems: HST will let us study their strucure at resolutions line_21: comparable to those achieved in ground--based observations the Coma Cluster. ! question: 5 section: 1 line_1: ! question: 6 section: 1 line_1: ! ! ! question: 8 section: 1 line_1: ! question: 9 section: 1 line_1: The PI has worked on reduction and analysis of WFPC-1 images of line_2: faint galaxies taken during HST Cycle 2. All of the co-investigators line_3: have been involved in other previous HST programs, and Stanford line_4: and Djorgovski in particular have been extensively involved in line_5: data reduction and analysis of HST imaging. Several papers have line_6: been published based on that work. ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: The PI will be a fellowship postdoc at STScI for two to three years beginning line_2: this fall; this should provide an excellent opportunity for direct access to line_3: the expert human resources most important for processing, analyzing, and line_4: understanding HST data, as well as software and computing support. Two of the line_5: co-Is (Spinrad and Djorgovski) will have regular access to the Keck 10m line_6: telescope, now beginning scientific operation in Hawaii. Its merits are line_7: self-evident for ground-based followup observations. In particularly, line_8: spectroscopy of these cluster galaxies is only feasible with very large line_9: aperture telescopes such as Keck. We also hope to obtain very deep infrared line_10: imaging observations in with the best angular resolution that Mauna Kea can line_11: offer. Dickinson will receive year-round salary support from STScI, and thus line_12: is not requesting funds for that purpose. Academic year salaries for Spinrad line_13: and Djorgovski are provided by their respective institutions, and partial salary line_14: support is provided for Stanford and Eisenhardt by other grants to JPL. line_15: As this research program will be a primary occupation for Stanford during line_16: the period of the grant, we request several months of salary support for that line_17: purpose. line_19: In general, all of our institutions provide excellent computing resources, line_20: facilities, and administrative support. UC Berkeley and CalTech have excellent line_21: graduate students available for research assistance, and it is anticipated that line_22: one or more students will be invited to participate in data reduction and line_23: analysis at those institutions. ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: Dickinson fname: Mark category: PI ! ! end of general_form_address records fixed_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: 3C324 descr_1: F,404,406,409, descr_2: E,303,309,315,325 pos_1: RA = 15H 47M 37.2S +/- 0.1S, pos_2: DEC = +21D 34' 41.0" +/- 1.0" equinox: 1950 rv_or_z: Z = 1.206 comment_1: OBJECTS OF INTEREST ARE VERY FAINT comment_2: (21 < R < 25) GALAXIES IN A HIGH comment_3: REDSHIFT CLUSTER. THE PRECISE comment_4: SURFACE BRIGHTNESSES ARE UNKNOWN comment_5: AND DEPEND ON GALAXY MORPHOLOGIES. comment_6: SURF(R)=25 IS GIVEN AS A CHARAC- comment_7: TERISTIC VALUE FOR USE IN THE comment_8: S_TO_N CALCULATIONS BELOW IN THE comment_9: EXPOSURE LOGSHEET; SPECIFIED S/N comment_10: IS PER PC PIXEL AT SURF(R)=25. fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V=21.5 +/- 0.5 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(R)=25 ! ! end of fixed targets ! No solar system records found ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 1.100 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 15400S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: ORIENT 173D +/- 1D; req_3: POS TARG -11.25,-11.00; req_4: SEQ 1.1-1.2 NO GAP; req_5: SAME ORIENT FOR 1.2-4.4 AS 1.1; req_6: GROUP 1.1-1.4 WITHIN 5D comment_1: FIRST OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 1.200 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 15400S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 1.2 AS 1.1 comment_1: FIRST OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 1.300 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 15400S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -11.25,-11.00; req_3: SEQ 1.3-1.4 NO GAP comment_1: FIRST OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 1.400 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 15400S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 1.4 AS 1.3 comment_1: FIRST OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 2.100 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -11.00,-10.50; req_3: SEQ 2.1-2.2 NO GAP; req_4: GROUP 2.1-2.4 WITHIN 5D comment_1: SECOND OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 2.200 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 2.2 AS 2.1 comment_1: SECOND OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 2.300 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -11.00,-10.50; req_3: SEQ 2.3-2.4 NO GAP comment_1: SECOND OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 2.400 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 2.4 AS 2.3 comment_1: SECOND OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 3.100 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -10.50,-10.75; req_3: SEQ 3.1-3.2 NO GAP; req_4: GROUP 3.1-3.4 WITHIN 5D comment_1: THIRD OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 3.200 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 3.2 AS 3.1 comment_1: THIRD OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 3.300 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -10.50,-10.75; req_3: SEQ 3.3-3.4 NO GAP comment_1: THIRD OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 3.400 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 3.4 AS 3.3 comment_1: THIRD OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 4.100 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -10.75,-11.25; req_3: SEQ 4.1-4.2 NO GAP; req_4: GROUP 4.1-4.4 WITHIN 5D comment_1: FOURTH OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 4.200 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 4.2 AS 4.1 comment_1: FOURTH OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 4.300 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1800S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -10.75,-11.25; req_3: SEQ 4.3-4.4 NO GAP comment_1: FOURTH OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! linenum: 4.400 targname: 3C324 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: 2100S s_to_n: 1 s_to_n_time: 13200S fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: SAME POS FOR 4.4 AS 4.3 comment_1: FOURTH OF 4 POINTINGS SEPARATED BY comment_2: SMALL POS TARG SHIFTS. THE ORIENT IS comment_3: CHOSEN TO POSITION FAINT CLUSTER comment_4: GALAXIES AWAY FROM CCD BORDERS. comment_5: USE SAME ORIENT FOR ALL EXPOSURES ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found