! $Id: 5462,v 4.1 1994/07/27 18:16:20 pepsa Exp $
coverpage:
title_1: THE ORIGIN OF C2 IN COMETS
title_2: CYCLE4MEDIUM
sci_cat: SOLAR SYSTEM
sci_subcat: COMETS
proposal_for: GO
targ_of_opp: Y
pi_fname: MICHAEL
pi_mi: F
pi_lname: A'HEARN
pi_inst: 2620
pi_country: USA
pi_phone: (301) 405 6076
hours_pri: 7.50
num_pri: 5
wf_pc: Y
fos: Y
realtime: Y
off_fname: VICTOR
off_lname: MEDINA
off_title: DIRECTOR-SPONS.PROG.
off_inst: 2620
off_addr_1: OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADVANCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
off_addr_2: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
off_city: COLLEGE PARK
off_state: MD
off_zip: 207425141
off_country: USA
off_phone: (301) 405 6266
! end of coverpage
abstract:
line_1: We propose to observe any comet which satisfies the constraint
line_2: Q(C2) > 1.4E26 at r=1AU (scaled appropriately to other r) to map
line_3: the Mulliken and Swan bands of C2. The relative intensities of
line_4: the singlets and triplets and the excitation temperatures will be
line_5: mapped as a function of distance from the nucleus. This will
line_6: constrain the presently unknown formation mechanism for producing
line_7: C2 and thus constrain the identity of its parent. It will also
line_8: constrain the rate for intercombination (singlet-triplet) radiative
line_9: transitions, thus providing crucial information required for the
line_10: detailed study of the resonance fluorescence of C2.
!
! end of abstract
general_form_proposers:
lname: A'HEARN
fname: MICHAEL
mi: F
inst: 2620
country: USA
!
lname: ARPIGNY
fname: CLAUDE
inst: 4330
country: BELGIUM
esa: Y
!
lname: FELDMAN
fname: PAUL
mi: D
inst: 2380
country: USA
!
lname: JACKSON
fname: WILLIAM
mi: M
inst: 1510
country: USA
!
lname: WEAVER
fname: HAROLD
mi: A
inst: 3470
country: USA
!
! end of general_form_proposers block
general_form_text:
question: 3
section: 1
line_1: We will observe a target-of-opportunity comet so the ephemeris will
line_2: not be well known. We will therefore require WFPC-assisted, interactive
line_3: acquisition with the first exposure putting the comet on WF3, located
line_4: halfway from the center of the chip toward the apex of all four chips.
line_5: We will then observe the comet with FOS at 5 radial positions. At each
line_6: position we will take a short exposure with G570H to obtain the Swan
line_7: bands of C2 (dv=+1 through dv=-2) and a long exposure with G270H to
line_8: obtain the Mulliken bands (dv=0). The five positions should correspond
line_9: to on-nucleus and offsets of 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 km (approximately).
line_10: The spatial resolution, i.e. the choice of aperture, should be
line_11: consistent with the spacing: 400km for the inner points, larger for the
line_12: outer points. Use of on-board acquisition with FOS is desireable for
line_13: the positions at and close to the nucleus but use of this technique is
line_14: pending tests of whether the technique will work for a comet.
!
question: 4
section: 1
line_1: Only HST has the required spatial resolution and the capability of
line_2: observing simultaneously (or nearly so) the Mulliken bands at 232nm and
line_3: the Swan bands in the optical.
!
question: 5
section: 1
line_1: This proposal requires a comet which is both sufficiently bright and
line_2: sufficiently close to Earth. It is possible that comet Mueller will
line_3: satisfy these requirements. It will satisfy the criterion for distance
line_4: from Earth but the brightness is still very uncertain.
line_5: We expect to notify STScI at least one month before the
line_6: observations must be carried out. At that time, the ephemeris may not be
line_7: sufficiently well known to achieve the sub-arcsecond pointing required
line_8: for the exposures nearest the nucleus; we therefore require a
line_9: WFPC-assisted, interactive acquisition and/or the capability of using
line_10: on-board acquisition with FOS. The latter capability has never been
line_11: tested on a comet and it is not yet known whether
line_12: the spatial contrast is sufficient for the technique to work. We
line_13: therefore presume use of WFPC-assist.
!
question: 6
section: 1
line_1:
!
!
question: 8
section: 1
line_1:
!
question: 9
section: 1
line_1: DD observations of comet Levy (GO/DD 3064) have resulted in a published
line_2: paper by Weaver et al. (1992) Icarus 97, 85-98. Images show that the
line_3: temporal fluctuations in brightness are caused by quite different
line_4: physical processes than were operative in P/Halley. GO observations of
line_5: comet P/Hartley 2(GO 2481) have resulted in a paper which is now in press
line_6: in ApJ by Weaver et al. These observations yielded the first detection
line_7: of the Cameron bands of CO which we have interpreted as due to prompt
line_8: emission following dissociation of CO2 into the upper
line_9: state of the Cameron bands. Observations of comet Shoemaker-Levy 1991a1
line_10: (GO 2442 and GO 2483) are still being processed. Observations of comet
line_11: P/Schaumasse (GO 3707) are still being processed. Images and spectra of
line_12: comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (GO/DD proposal) were taken in July 1993 and have
line_13: been used to constrain the nuclear sizes and the outgassing rate. An
line_14: abstract has been submitted to DPS and a very rough draft of a paper
line_15: has been prepared. Observations of Ceres (GO 4545) were obtained in
line_16: September 1993. These data at first glance appear to set a very
line_17: interesting upper limit on any outgassing from Ceres but the data
line_18: are still being processed.
!
question: 10
section: 1
line_1: All hardware for the analysis of the observations and for the laboratory
line_2: work is being provided at no cost by the institutions. Salary for the
line_3: time of the PIs and of the coIs is being provided at no cost by the
line_4: institutions.
!
!end of general form text
general_form_address:
lname: A'Hearn
fname: Michael
mi: F
category: PI
inst: 2620
addr_1: Department of Astronomy
addr_2: University of Maryland
city: College Park
state: MD
zip: 207422421
country: USA
phone: (301) 405 6076
telex: ma@astro.umd.edu
!
lname:
category: CON
!
! end of general_form_address records
! No fixed target records found
solar_system_targets:
targnum: 1
name_1: MUELLER
descr_1: COMET MUELLER (1993P), TARG. OF OPP.
descr_2: TENTATIVE CHOICE, CENTERED ON NUCLEUS
lev1_1: TYPE=COMET,
lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0,
lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440,
lev1_4: W=261.05554,
lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42,
lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000,
lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00, ACQ=0.25
comment_1: OPTIMUM OBSERVING TIME IS
comment_2: 1994 APRIL 25 TO 1994 MAY 5
comment_3: (MINIMUM GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE, WEIGHTED
comment_4: TOWARD SMALLER HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE)
fluxnum_1: 1
fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12.
fluxnum_2: 2
fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 4. E-13
fluxnum_3: 3
fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40.
fluxnum_4: 4
fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 3. E-15
fluxnum_5: 5
fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10.
!
targnum: 2
name_1: MUELLER-OFF-1
descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER, 400 KM SUNWARD
lev1_1: TYPE=COMET,
lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0,
lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440,
lev1_4: W=261.05554,
lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42,
lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000,
lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00
lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE,
lev2_2: RAD = 1.0,
lev2_3: ANG = 0.0,
lev2_4: REF = SUN,
comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 400 KM TOWARD
comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON
comment_3: GEOCENTIRC DISTANCE OF COMET.
fluxnum_1: 1
fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12.
fluxnum_2: 2
fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 4. E-13
fluxnum_3: 3
fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40.
fluxnum_4: 4
fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 3. E-15
fluxnum_5: 5
fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10.
!
targnum: 3
name_1: MUELLER-OFF-2
descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER 800 KM SUNWARD
lev1_1: TYPE=COMET,
lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0,
lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440,
lev1_4: W=261.05554,
lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42,
lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000,
lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00
lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE,
lev2_2: RAD = 2.0,
lev2_3: ANG = 0.0,
lev2_4: REF = SUN,
comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 800 KM TOWARD
comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON
comment_3: GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE OF COMET.
fluxnum_1: 1
fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12.
fluxnum_2: 2
fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 4. E-13
fluxnum_3: 3
fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40.
fluxnum_4: 4
fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 3. E-15
fluxnum_5: 5
fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10.
!
targnum: 4
name_1: MUELLER-OFF-3
descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER 1600 KM SUNWARD
lev1_1: TYPE=COMET,
lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0,
lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440,
lev1_4: W=261.05554,
lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42,
lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000,
lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00
lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE,
lev2_2: RAD = 4.0,
lev2_3: ANG = 0.0,
lev2_4: REF = SUN,
comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 1600 KM TOWARD
comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON
comment_3: GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE OF COMET.
fluxnum_1: 1
fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12.
fluxnum_2: 2
fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 2.5E-13
fluxnum_3: 3
fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40.
fluxnum_4: 4
fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 2. E-15
fluxnum_5: 5
fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10.
!
targnum: 5
name_1: MUELLER-OFF-4
descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER 3200 KM SUNWARD
lev1_1: TYPE=COMET,
lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0,
lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440,
lev1_4: W=261.05554,
lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42,
lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000,
lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00
lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE,
lev2_2: RAD = 8.0,
lev2_3: ANG = 0.0,
lev2_4: REF = SUN,
comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 3200 KM TOWARD
comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON
comment_3: GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE OF COMET.
fluxnum_1: 1
fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12.
fluxnum_2: 2
fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 1.5E-13
fluxnum_3: 3
fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40.
fluxnum_4: 4
fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 1. E-15
fluxnum_5: 5
fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10.
!
! end of solar system targets
! No generic target records found
exposure_logsheet:
linenum: 1.000
sequence_1: DEFINE
sequence_2: VERIFY
targname: #
config: FOS/RD
opmode: ACQ
aperture: 4.3
sp_element: MIRROR
num_exp: 1
time_per_exp: 60 S
s_to_n: 30
fluxnum_1: 1
priority: 2
req_1: CYCLE 4;
comment_1: PSEUDO-IMAGE USED TO
comment_2: VERIFY POINTING
!
linenum: 2.000
sequence_1: DEFINE
sequence_2: REDACQ
targname: MUELLER
config: FOS/RD
opmode: ACQ/BINARY
aperture: 1.0
sp_element: MIRROR
num_exp: 1
time_per_exp: 1 S
s_to_n: 15
fluxnum_1: 1
priority: 1
req_1: CYCLE 4;
comment_1: THIS ACQUISITION IS USED ONLY FOR THE
comment_2: NUCLEAR POINTING. OTHER POINTINGS
comment_3: ASSUMED CARRIED BY GUIDE-STAR HANDOFF.
!
linenum: 3.000
sequence_1: DEFINE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: #
config: FOS/RD
opmode: ACCUM
aperture: #
sp_element: G570H
wavelength: 4600-6500
num_exp: 1
time_per_exp: 2 M
s_to_n: 30
fluxnum_1: 2,
fluxnum_2: 3
priority: 1
req_1: CYCLE 4;
comment_1: SHORT EXPOSURE FOR SWAN BANDS.
!
linenum: 4.000
sequence_1: DEFINE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: #
config: FOS/RD
opmode: ACCUM
aperture: #
sp_element: G270H
wavelength: 2230-2600
num_exp: 1
time_per_exp: 24 M
s_to_n: 10
fluxnum_1: 4,
fluxnum_2: 5
priority: 1
req_1: CYCLE 4;
comment_1: LONG EXPOSURE FOR MULLIKEN BANDS.
!
linenum: 5.000
sequence_1: DEFINE
sequence_2: IMAGE
targname: MUELLER
config: WFPC2
opmode: IMAGE
aperture: WF3
sp_element: F702W
wavelength: 7020
num_exp: 1
time_per_exp: 700 S
s_to_n: 100
fluxnum_1: 1
priority: 1
req_1: CYCLE 4;
req_2: POS TARG +20, +20;
!
linenum: 5.900
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: VERIFY
targname: MUELLER
comment_1: DUMMY EXPOSURE TO FORCE
comment_2: CORRECT OBSET STRUCTURE.
comment_3: SPSS SHOULD DUMMY THIS LINE.
!
linenum: 6.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: IMAGE
req_3: SEQ 5.9-19 NO GAP;
req_4: INT ACQ FOR 7;
comment_1: WF ACQ IMAGE FOR 7-21
comment_2: FGS CONTROL FOR 7-12
comment_3: FGS CONTROL PREFERRED FOR ALL,
comment_4: USE GYROS IF FGS NOT AVAIL. FOR 13-19.
comment_5: SCIENCE OPTIMIZED IF THIS PROGRAM
comment_6: EXECUTED ADJACENT TO PROGRAM Z540.
!
linenum: 7.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: VERIFY
targname: MUELLER
req_1: GUIDE TOL 0.2" / 5.9-21;
req_2: SEQ 7-9 NO GAP;
comment_3: IF ONBOARD ACQ IS FEASIBLE ON COMET,
comment_4: WE WILL USE REDACQ INSTEAD.
comment_5: INTEND 7-9 TO FILL ONE ORBIT.
!
linenum: 8.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: MUELLER
aperture: 1.0
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
!
linenum: 9.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: MUELLER
aperture: 1.0
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
!
linenum: 10.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: VERIFY
targname: MUELLER-OFF-1
req_2: SEQ 10-12 NO GAP;
comment_3: INTEND 10-12 TO FILL ONE ORBIT.
!
linenum: 11.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-1
aperture: 1.0
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
!
linenum: 12.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-1
aperture: 1.0
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
!
linenum: 13.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: VERIFY
targname: MUELLER-OFF-2
req_2: SEQ 13-15 NO GAP;
comment_3: INTEND 13-15 TO FILL ONE ORBIT.
!
linenum: 14.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-2
aperture: 1.0
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
!
linenum: 15.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-2
aperture: 1.0
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST.
!
linenum: 16.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-3
aperture: 1.0
time_per_exp: X1.25
comment_2: APERTURE MAY CHANGE, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: INTEND 16-17 TO FILL ONE ORBIT.
!
linenum: 17.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-3
aperture: 1.0
time_per_exp: X1.25
comment_2: APERTURE MAY CHANGE, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST.
!
linenum: 18.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-4
aperture: 1.0
time_per_exp: X1.25
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: INTEND 18-19 TO FILL ONE ORBIT.
!
linenum: 19.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-4
aperture: 1.0
time_per_exp: X1.25
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST.
!
linenum: 20.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: SWAN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-4
aperture: 1.0
time_per_exp: X1.25
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: INTEND 20-21 TO FILL ONE ORBIT.
!
linenum: 21.000
sequence_1: USE
sequence_2: MULLIKEN
targname: MUELLER-OFF-4
aperture: 1.0
time_per_exp: X1.25
comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING
comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET.
comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST.
!
! end of exposure logsheet
! No scan data records found