! $Id: 5462,v 4.1 1994/07/27 18:16:20 pepsa Exp $ coverpage: title_1: THE ORIGIN OF C2 IN COMETS title_2: CYCLE4MEDIUM sci_cat: SOLAR SYSTEM sci_subcat: COMETS proposal_for: GO targ_of_opp: Y pi_fname: MICHAEL pi_mi: F pi_lname: A'HEARN pi_inst: 2620 pi_country: USA pi_phone: (301) 405 6076 hours_pri: 7.50 num_pri: 5 wf_pc: Y fos: Y realtime: Y off_fname: VICTOR off_lname: MEDINA off_title: DIRECTOR-SPONS.PROG. off_inst: 2620 off_addr_1: OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADVANCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION off_addr_2: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND off_city: COLLEGE PARK off_state: MD off_zip: 207425141 off_country: USA off_phone: (301) 405 6266 ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: We propose to observe any comet which satisfies the constraint line_2: Q(C2) > 1.4E26 at r=1AU (scaled appropriately to other r) to map line_3: the Mulliken and Swan bands of C2. The relative intensities of line_4: the singlets and triplets and the excitation temperatures will be line_5: mapped as a function of distance from the nucleus. This will line_6: constrain the presently unknown formation mechanism for producing line_7: C2 and thus constrain the identity of its parent. It will also line_8: constrain the rate for intercombination (singlet-triplet) radiative line_9: transitions, thus providing crucial information required for the line_10: detailed study of the resonance fluorescence of C2. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: A'HEARN fname: MICHAEL mi: F inst: 2620 country: USA ! lname: ARPIGNY fname: CLAUDE inst: 4330 country: BELGIUM esa: Y ! lname: FELDMAN fname: PAUL mi: D inst: 2380 country: USA ! lname: JACKSON fname: WILLIAM mi: M inst: 1510 country: USA ! lname: WEAVER fname: HAROLD mi: A inst: 3470 country: USA ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: We will observe a target-of-opportunity comet so the ephemeris will line_2: not be well known. We will therefore require WFPC-assisted, interactive line_3: acquisition with the first exposure putting the comet on WF3, located line_4: halfway from the center of the chip toward the apex of all four chips. line_5: We will then observe the comet with FOS at 5 radial positions. At each line_6: position we will take a short exposure with G570H to obtain the Swan line_7: bands of C2 (dv=+1 through dv=-2) and a long exposure with G270H to line_8: obtain the Mulliken bands (dv=0). The five positions should correspond line_9: to on-nucleus and offsets of 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 km (approximately). line_10: The spatial resolution, i.e. the choice of aperture, should be line_11: consistent with the spacing: 400km for the inner points, larger for the line_12: outer points. Use of on-board acquisition with FOS is desireable for line_13: the positions at and close to the nucleus but use of this technique is line_14: pending tests of whether the technique will work for a comet. ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: Only HST has the required spatial resolution and the capability of line_2: observing simultaneously (or nearly so) the Mulliken bands at 232nm and line_3: the Swan bands in the optical. ! question: 5 section: 1 line_1: This proposal requires a comet which is both sufficiently bright and line_2: sufficiently close to Earth. It is possible that comet Mueller will line_3: satisfy these requirements. It will satisfy the criterion for distance line_4: from Earth but the brightness is still very uncertain. line_5: We expect to notify STScI at least one month before the line_6: observations must be carried out. At that time, the ephemeris may not be line_7: sufficiently well known to achieve the sub-arcsecond pointing required line_8: for the exposures nearest the nucleus; we therefore require a line_9: WFPC-assisted, interactive acquisition and/or the capability of using line_10: on-board acquisition with FOS. The latter capability has never been line_11: tested on a comet and it is not yet known whether line_12: the spatial contrast is sufficient for the technique to work. We line_13: therefore presume use of WFPC-assist. ! question: 6 section: 1 line_1: ! ! question: 8 section: 1 line_1: ! question: 9 section: 1 line_1: DD observations of comet Levy (GO/DD 3064) have resulted in a published line_2: paper by Weaver et al. (1992) Icarus 97, 85-98. Images show that the line_3: temporal fluctuations in brightness are caused by quite different line_4: physical processes than were operative in P/Halley. GO observations of line_5: comet P/Hartley 2(GO 2481) have resulted in a paper which is now in press line_6: in ApJ by Weaver et al. These observations yielded the first detection line_7: of the Cameron bands of CO which we have interpreted as due to prompt line_8: emission following dissociation of CO2 into the upper line_9: state of the Cameron bands. Observations of comet Shoemaker-Levy 1991a1 line_10: (GO 2442 and GO 2483) are still being processed. Observations of comet line_11: P/Schaumasse (GO 3707) are still being processed. Images and spectra of line_12: comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (GO/DD proposal) were taken in July 1993 and have line_13: been used to constrain the nuclear sizes and the outgassing rate. An line_14: abstract has been submitted to DPS and a very rough draft of a paper line_15: has been prepared. Observations of Ceres (GO 4545) were obtained in line_16: September 1993. These data at first glance appear to set a very line_17: interesting upper limit on any outgassing from Ceres but the data line_18: are still being processed. ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: All hardware for the analysis of the observations and for the laboratory line_2: work is being provided at no cost by the institutions. Salary for the line_3: time of the PIs and of the coIs is being provided at no cost by the line_4: institutions. ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: A'Hearn fname: Michael mi: F category: PI inst: 2620 addr_1: Department of Astronomy addr_2: University of Maryland city: College Park state: MD zip: 207422421 country: USA phone: (301) 405 6076 telex: ma@astro.umd.edu ! lname: category: CON ! ! end of general_form_address records ! No fixed target records found solar_system_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: MUELLER descr_1: COMET MUELLER (1993P), TARG. OF OPP. descr_2: TENTATIVE CHOICE, CENTERED ON NUCLEUS lev1_1: TYPE=COMET, lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0, lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440, lev1_4: W=261.05554, lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42, lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000, lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00, ACQ=0.25 comment_1: OPTIMUM OBSERVING TIME IS comment_2: 1994 APRIL 25 TO 1994 MAY 5 comment_3: (MINIMUM GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE, WEIGHTED comment_4: TOWARD SMALLER HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE) fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12. fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 4. E-13 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40. fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 3. E-15 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10. ! targnum: 2 name_1: MUELLER-OFF-1 descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER, 400 KM SUNWARD lev1_1: TYPE=COMET, lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0, lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440, lev1_4: W=261.05554, lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42, lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000, lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00 lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev2_2: RAD = 1.0, lev2_3: ANG = 0.0, lev2_4: REF = SUN, comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 400 KM TOWARD comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON comment_3: GEOCENTIRC DISTANCE OF COMET. fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12. fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 4. E-13 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40. fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 3. E-15 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10. ! targnum: 3 name_1: MUELLER-OFF-2 descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER 800 KM SUNWARD lev1_1: TYPE=COMET, lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0, lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440, lev1_4: W=261.05554, lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42, lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000, lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00 lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev2_2: RAD = 2.0, lev2_3: ANG = 0.0, lev2_4: REF = SUN, comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 800 KM TOWARD comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON comment_3: GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE OF COMET. fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12. fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 4. E-13 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40. fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 3. E-15 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10. ! targnum: 4 name_1: MUELLER-OFF-3 descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER 1600 KM SUNWARD lev1_1: TYPE=COMET, lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0, lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440, lev1_4: W=261.05554, lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42, lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000, lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00 lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev2_2: RAD = 4.0, lev2_3: ANG = 0.0, lev2_4: REF = SUN, comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 1600 KM TOWARD comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON comment_3: GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE OF COMET. fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12. fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 2.5E-13 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40. fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 2. E-15 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10. ! targnum: 5 name_1: MUELLER-OFF-4 descr_1: OFFSET MUELLER 3200 KM SUNWARD lev1_1: TYPE=COMET, lev1_2: Q=0.9668992, E=1.0, lev1_3: I=105.01213, O=193.79440, lev1_4: W=261.05554, lev1_5: T=26-MAR-1994:06:20:42, lev1_6: EQUINOX=J2000, lev1_7: EPOCH=01-SEP-93:00:00:00 lev2_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev2_2: RAD = 8.0, lev2_3: ANG = 0.0, lev2_4: REF = SUN, comment_1: DESIRED OFFSET APPROX 3200 KM TOWARD comment_2: SUN. ANGULAR OFFSET DEPENDS ON comment_3: GEOCENTRIC DISTANCE OF COMET. fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 12. fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF-LINE(5165) = 1.5E-13 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: W-LINE(5165) = 40. fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF-LINE(2320) = 1. E-15 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: W-LINE(2320) = 10. ! ! end of solar system targets ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 1.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: VERIFY targname: # config: FOS/RD opmode: ACQ aperture: 4.3 sp_element: MIRROR num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 60 S s_to_n: 30 fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 2 req_1: CYCLE 4; comment_1: PSEUDO-IMAGE USED TO comment_2: VERIFY POINTING ! linenum: 2.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: REDACQ targname: MUELLER config: FOS/RD opmode: ACQ/BINARY aperture: 1.0 sp_element: MIRROR num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1 S s_to_n: 15 fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: CYCLE 4; comment_1: THIS ACQUISITION IS USED ONLY FOR THE comment_2: NUCLEAR POINTING. OTHER POINTINGS comment_3: ASSUMED CARRIED BY GUIDE-STAR HANDOFF. ! linenum: 3.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: SWAN targname: # config: FOS/RD opmode: ACCUM aperture: # sp_element: G570H wavelength: 4600-6500 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 2 M s_to_n: 30 fluxnum_1: 2, fluxnum_2: 3 priority: 1 req_1: CYCLE 4; comment_1: SHORT EXPOSURE FOR SWAN BANDS. ! linenum: 4.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: # config: FOS/RD opmode: ACCUM aperture: # sp_element: G270H wavelength: 2230-2600 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 24 M s_to_n: 10 fluxnum_1: 4, fluxnum_2: 5 priority: 1 req_1: CYCLE 4; comment_1: LONG EXPOSURE FOR MULLIKEN BANDS. ! linenum: 5.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: IMAGE targname: MUELLER config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: WF3 sp_element: F702W wavelength: 7020 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 700 S s_to_n: 100 fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG +20, +20; ! linenum: 5.900 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: VERIFY targname: MUELLER comment_1: DUMMY EXPOSURE TO FORCE comment_2: CORRECT OBSET STRUCTURE. comment_3: SPSS SHOULD DUMMY THIS LINE. ! linenum: 6.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: IMAGE req_3: SEQ 5.9-19 NO GAP; req_4: INT ACQ FOR 7; comment_1: WF ACQ IMAGE FOR 7-21 comment_2: FGS CONTROL FOR 7-12 comment_3: FGS CONTROL PREFERRED FOR ALL, comment_4: USE GYROS IF FGS NOT AVAIL. FOR 13-19. comment_5: SCIENCE OPTIMIZED IF THIS PROGRAM comment_6: EXECUTED ADJACENT TO PROGRAM Z540. ! linenum: 7.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: VERIFY targname: MUELLER req_1: GUIDE TOL 0.2" / 5.9-21; req_2: SEQ 7-9 NO GAP; comment_3: IF ONBOARD ACQ IS FEASIBLE ON COMET, comment_4: WE WILL USE REDACQ INSTEAD. comment_5: INTEND 7-9 TO FILL ONE ORBIT. ! linenum: 8.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: SWAN targname: MUELLER aperture: 1.0 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. ! linenum: 9.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: MUELLER aperture: 1.0 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. ! linenum: 10.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: VERIFY targname: MUELLER-OFF-1 req_2: SEQ 10-12 NO GAP; comment_3: INTEND 10-12 TO FILL ONE ORBIT. ! linenum: 11.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: SWAN targname: MUELLER-OFF-1 aperture: 1.0 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. ! linenum: 12.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: MUELLER-OFF-1 aperture: 1.0 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. ! linenum: 13.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: VERIFY targname: MUELLER-OFF-2 req_2: SEQ 13-15 NO GAP; comment_3: INTEND 13-15 TO FILL ONE ORBIT. ! linenum: 14.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: SWAN targname: MUELLER-OFF-2 aperture: 1.0 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. ! linenum: 15.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: MUELLER-OFF-2 aperture: 1.0 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 0.5, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST. ! linenum: 16.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: SWAN targname: MUELLER-OFF-3 aperture: 1.0 time_per_exp: X1.25 comment_2: APERTURE MAY CHANGE, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: INTEND 16-17 TO FILL ONE ORBIT. ! linenum: 17.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: MUELLER-OFF-3 aperture: 1.0 time_per_exp: X1.25 comment_2: APERTURE MAY CHANGE, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST. ! linenum: 18.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: SWAN targname: MUELLER-OFF-4 aperture: 1.0 time_per_exp: X1.25 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: INTEND 18-19 TO FILL ONE ORBIT. ! linenum: 19.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: MUELLER-OFF-4 aperture: 1.0 time_per_exp: X1.25 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST. ! linenum: 20.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: SWAN targname: MUELLER-OFF-4 aperture: 1.0 time_per_exp: X1.25 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: INTEND 20-21 TO FILL ONE ORBIT. ! linenum: 21.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: MULLIKEN targname: MUELLER-OFF-4 aperture: 1.0 time_per_exp: X1.25 comment_2: APERTURE MAY BE 4.3, DEPENDING comment_3: ON DISTANCE OF COMET. comment_4: CONTINUE ON GYROS IF GUIDE STARS LOST. ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found