! $Id: 5392,v 5.1 1994/07/27 17:27:21 pepsa Exp $ coverpage: title_1: MAPPING IO'S SURFACE AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY: CYCLE 4 MEDIUM sci_cat: SOLAR SYSTEM sci_subcat: SATELLITES proposal_for: GO pi_fname: JOHN pi_mi: R. pi_lname: SPENCER pi_inst: 2540 pi_country: USA pi_phone: (602) 774-3358 hours_pri: 1.22 num_pri: 1 wf_pc: Y foc: Y realtime: Y time_crit: Y off_fname: ROBERT off_lname: MILLIS off_title: DIRECTOR off_inst: 2540 off_addr_1: LOWELL OBSERVATORY off_addr_2: 1400 W. MARS HILL RD. off_city: FLAGSTAFF off_state: AZ off_zip: 86001 off_country: USA off_phone: (602) 774-3358 ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: We will obtain global coverage of Io with the PC at four longitudes line_2: in five filters from 0.35 to 1 micron, to characterize global changes line_3: since Voyager and before Galileo and to investigate the unknown reflectance line_4: of individual surface units beyond 0.6 microns. We will obtain more detailed line_5: 3500 A images with the FOC of the regions to be seen in closeup by Galileo, line_6: and to look for plumes off the limb of Io, and will obtain a single line_7: long-exposure 1 micron PC image of Io in eclipse to observe thermal emission line_8: from volcanic materials at 1000 K or hotter. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: SPENCER fname: JOHN mi: R. inst: 2540 country: USA ! lname: MCGRATH fname: MELISSA inst: 3470 country: USA ! lname: MCEWEN fname: ALFRED mi: S. inst: 3600 country: USA ! lname: SARTORETTI fname: PAOLA inst: 3470 country: USA ! lname: JOHNSON fname: TORRENCE mi: V. inst: 2370 country: USA ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: 1) Imaging of selected plumes and the anti-Jovian line_2: hemisphere of Io with the "f96" FOC at 3500 A. line_3: We need three pairs of exposures in the F346M filter (with F8ND to provide line_4: appropriate count rates). Observations should be made as close as line_5: possible before or after the 1994 opposition (on May 1st) to maximise line_6: Io's angular diameter. Exposures will be at orbital longitudes 65, line_7: 160, and 210, with usual tolerance of +/- 8 degrees (+/- 1 hour) so plumes line_8: are close to the limb. Paired 10-m exposures will reduce rotational smear. line_9: 2) Global imaging with the PC at four longitudes in the F336W, F410M, line_10: F569W, F791W, and F1042M filters. Observations should be made as line_11: close as possible before or after the 1994 opposition (on May 1st) to line_12: maximise Io's angular diameter. Orbital longitudes should be 45, line_13: 135, 225, and 315, with a tolerance of +/- 15 degrees (+/- 1.8 hours). line_14: 3) One 15 minute PC exposure of Io in Jupiter eclipse with the F1042M line_15: filter to look for sites of high-temperature volcanic thermal line_16: emission. Eclipses occur every 1.8 days and last for a maximum of 70 line_17: minutes before or after Jupiter occultation. The observation is best line_18: made between 1.5 and 4.5 months before or after opposition, when the line_19: visible duration of eclipses is greatest. line_20: Observations can also be made during the 1995 Jupiter apparition, but 1994 line_21: is preferred so that we can look for longer-timescale changes when we compare line_22: to the December 1995 Galileo Io images, and to give adequate lead time for line_23: any Galileo targeting decisions that may be based on the HST images. ! question: 3 section: 2 line_1: ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: Io's small angular diameter (maximum 1.2 arcsec) makes study of line_2: surface albedo markings almost impossible from the ground: HST is our line_3: only pre-Galileo option. Useful spatial resolution of volcanic hot line_4: spots can be achieved in the 3-5 micron region, because of their line_5: extremely high contrast and point-source nature. However, even for line_6: hot spot studies, the best spatial resolution of about 0.3 arcseconds line_7: is much poorer than the c. 0.05 arcsecond resolution achievable with line_8: the HST PC at 1 micron, and it is difficult to locate hot spots from line_9: the ground with enough precision for close-range Galileo targeting line_10: support. Ground-based Jupiter occultation lightcurves give hot spot line_11: locations with a precision of about 150 km, but only in one dimension. line_12: The greater point-source sensitivity of HST also increases the chances line_13: of seeing 1 micron thermal emission, which has not been detected from line_14: the ground. ! question: 4 section: 2 line_1: Most of the observations we propose can be repeated by the Galileo line_2: spacecraft between December 1995 and late 1997, but the HST observations line_3: are important because: line_5: (i) They extend the time coverage of spatially-resolved observations, line_6: providing a "history" for the features seen by Galileo. line_8: (ii) They allow evaluation of possible observational techniques for line_9: Galileo, (1 micron hot spot imaging in darkness, and sunlit imaging at line_10: wavelengths longer than 0.6 microns) so that most efficient use is line_11: made of Galileo's budget of returned data, which will be severely line_12: limited if the high-gain antenna does not open. line_14: (iii) They can provide the most up-to-date possible picture of line_15: active and interesting regions on Io, so that these regions can line_16: be targeted for high-resolution observations by Galileo. ! question: 5 section: 1 line_1: Real-time acquisition is required for the FOC images for bright line_2: object protection. line_4: The observations are time-critical as specific Io longitudes must line_5: be observed. The eclipse observation is possible during a 30-minute line_6: time window every Io orbit, or every 1.77 days, but must be done line_7: away from opposition so that Io is visible in Jupiter's shadow. ! question: 6 section: 1 line_1: None. If necessary, the filters can be calibrated using line_2: the sunlit images of Io and Io's known disk-integrated line_3: magnitude. ! ! ! question: 8 section: 1 line_1: ! question: 9 section: 1 line_1: program numbers, titles, present authors: line_3: GO2627, Io's Atmosphere and its Interaction with the Plasma Torus line_4: (McGrath, Co-I). GO4353, HST Imaging of Io, (McGrath: PI, Spencer, line_5: McEwen, Sartoretti, co-Is). GO4600, McGrath, co-I. GO3616, The Upper line_6: Atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune, McGrath, co-I. GO2602 - The line_7: Excitation of the Atmospheres of Planetary Satellites, McGrath, co-I. line_8: GO3862 - The Excitation of the Atmospheres of Planetary Satellites, line_9: McGrath, co-I. GTO 1269 - Far UV Observations of the Giant Planets, line_10: McGrath, co-I. line_12: Relation to current proposal line_14: Proposals GO 2627, 4253, 2602, 3862, and GTO 1269 are related to line_15: this proposal. ! question: 9 section: 2 line_1: \headsecond Publications from Previous HST data line_3: "Detection of [OII] 2471 from the Io Plasma Torus", McGrath et al., line_4: submitted to ApJ Lett, March 1993. line_6: "Disk-Resolved Imaging of Io with the Hubble Space Telescope", P. line_7: Sartoretti, M. A. McGrath, and F. Paresce, submitted to Icarus, May 1993. line_9: "Detection of Io's SO2 Atmosphere with the Hubble Space Telescope", line_10: McGrath et al., to be submitted to Icarus, May 1993. ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: Existing computer facilities and image processing software are line_2: available for data analysis at STScI, Lowell Observatory and the U.S. line_3: Geological Survey in Flagstaff. ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: Spencer fname: John mi: R. category: PI inst: 2540 addr_1: Lowell Observatory addr_2: 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd. city: Flagstaff state: AZ zip: 86001 country: USA phone: (602) 774-3358 telex: spencer@lowell.edu ! lname: category: CON ! ! end of general_form_address records ! No fixed target records found solar_system_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: IO-LON-045 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 30 60 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 45 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: SURFACE BRIGHTNESSES ARE FOR comment_3: BRIGHTEST REGIONS OF SURFACE comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: SURF(4100) = 2.7 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF(5600) = 4.3 +/- 0.6 E -11 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: SURF(7800) = 2.9 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_6: 6 fluxval_6: SURF(10200) = 1.9 +/- 0.3 E -11 ! targnum: 2 name_1: IO-LON-135 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 120 150 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 135 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: SURFACE BRIGHTNESSES ARE FOR comment_3: BRIGHTEST REGIONS OF SURFACE comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: SURF(4100) = 2.7 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF(5600) = 4.3 +/- 0.6 E -11 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: SURF(7800) = 2.9 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_6: 6 fluxval_6: SURF(10200) = 1.9 +/- 0.3 E -11 ! targnum: 3 name_1: IO-LON-225 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 210 240 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 225 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: SURFACE BRIGHTNESSES ARE FOR comment_3: BRIGHTEST REGIONS OF SURFACE comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: SURF(4100) = 2.7 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF(5600) = 4.3 +/- 0.6 E -11 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: SURF(7800) = 2.9 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_6: 6 fluxval_6: SURF(10200) = 1.9 +/- 0.3 E -11 ! targnum: 4 name_1: IO-LON-315 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 300 330 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 315 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: SURFACE BRIGHTNESSES ARE FOR comment_3: BRIGHTEST REGIONS OF SURFACE comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 fluxnum_3: 3 fluxval_3: SURF(4100) = 2.7 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_4: 4 fluxval_4: SURF(5600) = 4.3 +/- 0.6 E -11 fluxnum_5: 5 fluxval_5: SURF(7800) = 2.9 +/- 0.4 E -11 fluxnum_6: 6 fluxval_6: SURF(10200) = 1.9 +/- 0.3 E -11 ! targnum: 5 name_1: IO-BLANK-210 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO lev3_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev3_2: REF = NORTH, lev3_3: RAD = 30, lev3_4: ANG = 15 wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 199 221 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 210 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: SMALL LONGITUDE RANGE ALLOWED AS comment_3: NEED PLUMES ON LIMB comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION comment_6: POSITION OFFSET FROM IO FOR FOC comment_7: BRIGHT-OBJECT PROTECTION comment_8: APPROX PERPENDICULAR TO JUPITER comment_9: EQUATORIAL PLANE fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 ! targnum: 6 name_1: IO-BLANK-160 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO lev3_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev3_2: REF = NORTH, lev3_3: RAD = 30, lev3_4: ANG = 15 wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 145 175 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 160 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: LARGER LONGITUDE RANGE ALLOWED AS comment_3: PELE PLUME IS BIG comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION comment_6: POSITION OFFSET FROM IO FOR FOC comment_7: BRIGHT-OBJECT PROTECTION comment_8: APPROX PERPENDICULAR TO JUPITER comment_9: EQUATORIAL PLANE fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 ! targnum: 7 name_1: IO-BLANK-065 descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD = IO lev3_1: TYPE = POS_ANGLE, lev3_2: REF = NORTH, lev3_3: RAD = 30, lev3_4: ANG = 15 wind_1: CML OF IO FROM EARTH BETWEEN 54 76 comment_1: IO CENTER NEAR 65 DEGREE LONGITUDE comment_2: SMALL LONGITUDE RANGE ALLOWED AS comment_3: NEED PLUMES ON LIMB comment_4: AS CLOSE TO OPPOSITION AS POSSIBLE comment_5: FOR BEST SPATIAL RESOLUTION comment_6: POSITION OFFSET FROM IO FOR FOC comment_7: BRIGHT-OBJECT PROTECTION comment_8: APPROX PERPENDICULAR TO JUPITER comment_9: EQUATORIAL PLANE fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 5.4 +/- 0.15 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: SURF(3400) = 8 +/- 2 E -12 ! targnum: 9 name_1: IO-ECLIPSED descr_1: SATELLITE IO lev1_1: STD=JUPITER lev2_1: STD=IO wind_1: ECL U OF IO BY JUPITER wind_2: SEP OF JUPITER IO FROM EARTH GT 10 " comment_1: IO IN JUPITER UMBRAL ECLIPSE comment_2: THROUGHOUT EXPOSURE comment_3: MORE THAN 12 ARCSEC FROM JUPITER comment_4: LIMB comment_5: FRAME EDGE BISECTING LINE BETWEEN comment_6: IO AND JUPITER LIMB: SEE EXPOSURE comment_7: LOG LINE 16 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: SURF(V) = 18 +/- 2 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F(10500) = 3 +/- 2 E -17 ! ! end of solar system targets ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 1.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1 sp_element: F336W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 23S s_to_n: 150 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: # param_1: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: GROUP 1,2,3,4,5 NO GAP ! linenum: 2.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1 sp_element: F410M num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 10S s_to_n: 150 fluxnum_1: 3 priority: # param_1: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: GROUP 1,2,3,4,5 NO GAP ! linenum: 3.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1 sp_element: F569W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 0.3S s_to_n: 150 fluxnum_1: 4 priority: # param_1: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: GROUP 1,2,3,4,5 NO GAP ! linenum: 4.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1 sp_element: F791W num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 0.23S s_to_n: 150 fluxnum_1: 5 priority: # param_1: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: GROUP 1,2,3,4,5 NO GAP ! linenum: 5.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1 sp_element: F1042M num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 20S s_to_n: 150 fluxnum_1: 6 priority: # param_1: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: GROUP 1,2,3,4,5 NO GAP ! linenum: 6.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: IO-LON-045 priority: 5 req_1: CYCLE 4; ! linenum: 7.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: IO-LON-135 priority: 5 req_1: CYCLE 4; ! linenum: 8.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: IO-LON-225 priority: 5 req_1: CYCLE 4; ! linenum: 9.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: CYCFILT targname: IO-LON-315 priority: 5 req_1: CYCLE 4; ! linenum: 10.000 targname: DARK config: FOC/96 opmode: IMAGE aperture: 512X512 sp_element: F346M,F8ND num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 17S s_to_n: 1 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 2 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_3: SEQ 10-11 NON-INT; comment_1: DARK FRAME FOR BRIGHT comment_2: OBJECT PROTECTION ! linenum: 11.000 targname: IO-BLANK-210 config: FOC/96 opmode: IMAGE aperture: 512X512 sp_element: F346M,F8ND num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 10M s_to_n: 20 s_to_n_time: 20M fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 2 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: REQ UPLINK; comment_1: MANUAL SLEW TO IO EXPECTED comment_2: IF FILTERS OK IN LINE 10 comment_3: TWO EXPOSURES TO REDUCE comment_4: ROTATIONAL SMEAR ! linenum: 12.000 targname: DARK config: FOC/96 opmode: IMAGE aperture: 512X512 sp_element: F346M,F8ND num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 17S s_to_n: 1 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_3: SEQ 12-13 NON-INT; comment_1: DARK FRAME FOR BRIGHT comment_2: OBJECT PROTECTION ! linenum: 13.000 targname: IO-BLANK-160 config: FOC/96 opmode: IMAGE aperture: 512X512 sp_element: F346M,F8ND num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 10M s_to_n: 20 s_to_n_time: 20M fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: REQ UPLINK; comment_1: MANUAL SLEW TO IO EXPECTED comment_2: IF FILTERS OK IN LINE 12 comment_3: TWO EXPOSURES TO REDUCE comment_4: ROTATIONAL SMEAR ! linenum: 14.000 targname: DARK config: FOC/96 opmode: IMAGE aperture: 512X512 sp_element: F346M,F8ND num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 17S s_to_n: 1 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 3 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_3: SEQ 14-15 NON-INT; comment_1: DARK FRAME FOR BRIGHT comment_2: OBJECT PROTECTION ! linenum: 15.000 targname: IO-BLANK-065 config: FOC/96 opmode: IMAGE aperture: 512X512 sp_element: F346M,F8ND num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 10M s_to_n: 20 s_to_n_time: 20M fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 3 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: REQ UPLINK; comment_1: MANUAL SLEW TO IO EXPECTED comment_2: IF FILTERS OK IN LINE 14 comment_3: TWO EXPOSURES TO REDUCE comment_4: ROTATIONAL SMEAR ! linenum: 16.000 targname: IO-ECLIPSED config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1 sp_element: F1042M num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 15M s_to_n: 5 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 8 req_1: CYCLE 4; req_2: POS TARG -13,-13 comment_1: NEED TO KEEP JUPITER OFF comment_2: PC1 CHIP comment_3: POS TARG SPECIFICATION WILL comment_4: DO THIS ASSUMING V3 AXIS comment_5: POINTS AT SUN ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found