! $Id: 5366,v 4.1 1994/07/27 17:08:55 pepsa Exp $ coverpage: title_1: THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE GALACTIC HALO AND DISK title_2: CYCLE4HIGH sci_cat: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS sci_subcat: STELLAR POPULATIONS proposal_for: GO cont_id: 2419 pi_fname: ROBERT pi_mi: J pi_lname: ZINN pi_inst: YALE UNIVERSITY pi_country: UNITED STATES pi_phone: 203-432-3017 hours_pri: 15.30 num_pri: 7 wf_pc: Y off_fname: SUZANNE off_lname: POLMAR off_title: DIR GRANTS&CONTRACT off_inst: 3900 off_addr_1: YALE UNIVERSITY off_addr_2: GRANT AND CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION off_addr_3: 12 PROSPECT PLACE off_city: NEW HAVEN off_state: CT off_zip: 06511 off_country: UNITED STATES off_phone: 203-432-2460 ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: Observations with the WFPC2 will be used to construct color-magnitude line_2: diagrams that precisely determine the magnitude and color of the line_3: main-sequence turnoff and lower giant branch, and allow the ages line_4: of 7 globular clusters to be derived. Four are metal-rich clusters of line_5: the disk population and three are very metal-poor clusters near the line_6: galactic center. Only the HST can provide the very high resolution line_7: necessary for photometry to the required faint limits in the crowded line_8: fields of these clusters. The ages of the clusters will be measured line_9: from the c-m diagrams using several techniques, and will be compared line_10: with each other and with the ages derived for other clusters from line_11: ground-based observations. Our investigation will yield the first line_12: chronology of the halo and thick disk clusters near the galactic line_13: center, where star formation may have proceeded more rapidly than line_14: in the outer, lower density regions. Age differences > 3 Gys. are line_15: now known to exist among the globular clusters in the outer halo, line_16: and the addition of our results will indicate the timescales of line_17: halo and disk formation as functions of galactocentric distance. line_18: This will tightly constrain theories of the evolution of the Galaxy. line_19: This proposal is a resubmission of a GO proposal that had to be line_20: largely deferred until after the repair mission. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: ZINN fname: ROBERT inst: 3900 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: CARNEY fname: BRUCE inst: 2990 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: CHRISTIAN fname: CAROL inst: 1502 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: DA COSTA fname: GARY inst: 4110 country: AUSTRALIA ! lname: DEMARQUE fname: PIERRE inst: 3900 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: HEASLEY fname: JAMES inst: 2192 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: JANES fname: KENNETH inst: 1420 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: OLSZEWSKI fname: EDWARD inst: 1212 country: UNITED STATES ! lname: SEITZER fname: PATRICK inst: 2660 country: UNITED STATES ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: Our program is designed to obtain high-precision relative photometry for line_2: all the stars in the WFPC2 fields. This will allow us to determine line_3: the mean positions of the cluster principal sequences with much line_4: greater precision than the photometry of an individual star. Since it line_5: is the relative locations of these sequences that yield the differences line_6: in cluster ages, our major goals can be achieved even if the zero points line_7: of our photometry are difficult to determine. The zero points are line_8: unlikely to be a problem because they will be set by ground-based line_9: observations (see below). line_10: The PC chip of the WFPC2 will be used to photometer the regions of line_11: highest stellar density, while the WFC chips will record the outer line_12: regions and the star fields surrounding the clusters. 3 or 4 long line_13: exposures per filter will be taken of a field close to the center of line_14: each cluster. The long exposures are designed to achieve S/N > 50 at line_15: 2 mag. below the expected turnoffs of the clusters, which should line_16: enable us to achieve the required photometric accuracy in these dense line_17: fields. Three short exposures at the same positions will provide an line_18: extension of the PC's dynamic range to brighter stars in the field line_19: (horizontal branch & lower giant branch). We will also take sets of line_20: 3 or 4 long and three short exposures per filter of fields offset from line_21: the first ones by 20 arcsecs in the directions away from the line_22: cluster centers. These observations, which will overlap to some line_23: extent with the central sets, will provide important additional ! question: 3 section: 2 line_1: information on the principal cluster sequences. Ground-based line_2: photometry of the brighter stars in these more radially distant fields, line_3: which will be possible given their lower densities, will provide the line_4: calibration of the WFPC2 observations. The WFPC2 observations will be line_5: made with the F555W and F814W filters, for which straightforward line_6: transformations to the V and I bands of the standard Cousins system line_7: will be possible. The WFC images of the area around each cluster and line_8: ground-based observations of comparison fields outside the tidal radii line_9: of the clusters will be used to assess the contamination of the line_10: cluster fields by non-cluster members. ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: Members of our team have constructed c-m diagrams of three of our line_2: targets using large ground-based telescopes under excellent conditions, line_3: and have achieved only limited success. Heasley, Janes, Christian, and line_4: Montgomery (1993, in preparation) observed NGC 6293 with the CFHT and line_5: its high resolution camera. Although their data have extremely small line_6: images for ground-based observations, 0.5 arcsec FWHM, severe image line_7: crowding in the central region of the cluster limited the quality of line_8: the photometry. Accurate photometry was possible in the outer regions line_9: of the cluster, but there confusion from numerous field stars limits line_10: the precision to which the principal sequences of the clusters can be line_11: defined. The same problem was encountered by Fullton, Carney, and line_12: Seitzer (1993 in preparation) in their investigation of NGC 5927, line_13: which they observed in 0.8 arcsec seeing with the CTIO 4m telescope. line_14: Again the central regions of the cluster were inaccessible and in the line_15: outer regions, where faint photometry was possible, the c-m diagram line_16: is swamped by field stars. line_17: This problem will be solved by the greater resolution of the WFPC2, line_18: which will enable us to do precise photometry to the required faint line_19: levels in fields where cluster stars outnumber the field stars. line_20: Although our scientific objectives have not been met by our previous line_21: photometry of NGC 6293 and 6352 with the PC, these data have shown line_22: that the project is feasible with the WFPC2. ! ! ! question: 9 section: 1 line_1: Our previous HST work consisted of the Cycle 1 proposal, GO 2419, line_2: "The Chronology of the Formation of the Galactic Halo and Disk". line_3: The present proposal is a continuation of this earlier project which line_4: did receive some telescope time to see if it was feasible with the line_5: impaired HST. Hence, this proposal has the same title, scientific line_6: objectives, and P.I. and Co-I's as this earlier project. ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: The computational, image display, and software resources available at line_2: Yale, Boston University, Arizona, North Caroline, Hawaii, Michigan, line_3: Berkeley, and the Anglo-Australian Observatory (AAO) will be used for line_4: the data reduction and analysis. The ground-based observations that line_5: are necessary to support this project will be made with the telescopes line_6: of Yale, Hawaii, Arizona, and AAO. The resources of Yale's Center for line_7: Solar and Space Research will be used for the computation of line_8: evolutionary tracks and isochrones. Graduate students line_9: will take part in the data reduction, the acquisition of the line_10: ground-based observations, and the theoretical computations. ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: Zinn fname: Robert category: PI inst: 3900 addr_1: Dept. of Astronomy addr_2: Yale University addr_3: Box 6666 260 Whitney Avenue city: New Haven state: CT zip: 06511 country: United States phone: 203-432-3017 telex: zinn@astro0.astro.yale.edu ! ! end of general_form_address records fixed_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: NGC5927-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 0619, pos_2: RA = 15H 27M 59.055S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -50D 39' 54.99" +/- 2" equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 22.2 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.6 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 2 name_1: NGC5927-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = +20" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 1 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 22.2 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.6 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 3 name_1: NGC6293-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 067P, pos_2: RA = 17H 10M 10.239S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -26D 34' 57.39" +/- 2" equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 22.0 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.4 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 4 name_1: NGC6293-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 3 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 22.0 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.4 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 5 name_1: NGC6333-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 06AM, pos_2: RA = 17H 19M 10.850S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -18D 31' 08.54" +/- 2" equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 21.8 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.2 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 6 name_1: NGC6333-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = +20" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 5 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 21.8 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.2 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 7 name_1: NGC6352-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 0689, pos_2: RA = 17H 25M 27.270S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -48D 25' 27.55" +/- 2" equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 20.7 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 18.1 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 8 name_1: NGC6352-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = +20" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 7 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 20.7 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 18.1 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 9 name_1: NGC6541-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 06AR, pos_2: RA = 18H 08M 9.160S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -43D 41' 52.75" +/- 2" equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 20.6 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 18.0 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 10 name_1: NGC6541-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = -20" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 9 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 20.6 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 18.0 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 11 name_1: NGC6624-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 060E, pos_2: RA = 18H 23M 44.007S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -30D 21' 32.86" +/- 2" equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 21.6 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.0 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 12 name_1: NGC6624-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = -28" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = +00" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 11 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 21.6 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.0 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 13 name_1: NGC6637-POS1 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: PLATE-ID = 060G, pos_2: RA = 18H 31M 19.527S +/- 2", pos_3: DEC = -32D 21' 17.76" +/- 2", equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 21.7 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.1 , TYPE = G0 ! targnum: 14 name_1: NGC6637-POS2 descr_1: C,201 pos_1: XI-OFF = +20" +/- 1", pos_2: ETA-OFF = +20" +/- 1", pos_3: FROM 13 equinox: 2000.0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 21.7 , TYPE = G0 fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: V = 19.1 , TYPE = G0 ! ! end of fixed targets ! No solar system records found ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 1.000 sequence_1: DEFINE V targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F555W num_exp: # time_per_exp: 10S s_to_n: 28.9 fluxnum_1: # priority: 1 param_1: SUM=1X1, param_2: READ=YES, param_3: CR-SPLIT=NO, param_4: CLOCKS=NO, param_5: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; ! linenum: 2.000 sequence_1: DEFINE I targname: # config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: PC1-FIX sp_element: F814W num_exp: # time_per_exp: 10S s_to_n: 28.9 fluxnum_1: # priority: 1 param_1: SUM=1X1, param_2: READ=YES, param_3: CR-SPLIT=NO, param_4: CLOCKS=NO, param_5: ATD-GAIN=15 req_1: CYCLE 4; ! linenum: 3.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC5927-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X5 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 3-10 NO GAP; ! linenum: 4.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC5927-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X60 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 5.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC5927-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X7 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 6.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC5927-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X80 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 7.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC5927-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X5 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 8.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC5927-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X60 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 9.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC5927-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X7 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 10.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC5927-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X80 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 11.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6293-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X4 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 11-18 NO GAP; ! linenum: 12.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6293-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X50 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 13.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6293-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X6 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 14.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6293-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X70 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 15.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6293-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X4 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 16.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6293-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X50 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 17.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6293-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X6 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 18.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6293-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X70 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 19.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6333-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X3.5 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 19-26 NO GAP; ! linenum: 20.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6333-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X50 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 21.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6333-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X5 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 22.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6333-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X60 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 23.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6333-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X3.5 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 24.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6333-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X50 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 25.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6333-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X5 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 26.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6333-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X60 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 27.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6352-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X1.2 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 27-36 NO GAP; ! linenum: 28.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6352-POS1 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X16 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 29.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6352-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X2 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 30.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6352-POS1 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X26 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 31.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6352-POS1 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X16 fluxnum_1: 1 req_3: POS TARG 1.0 , 1.0 ! linenum: 32.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6352-POS1 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X26 fluxnum_1: 1 req_3: POS TARG 1.0 , 1.0 ! linenum: 33.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6352-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X1.2 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 34.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6352-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X16 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 35.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6352-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X2 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 36.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6352-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X26 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 37.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6541-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X1.2 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 37-44 NO GAP; ! linenum: 38.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6541-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X14 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 39.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6541-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X2 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 40.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6541-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X26 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 41.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6541-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X1.2 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 42.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6541-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X14 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 43.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6541-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X2 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 44.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6541-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X26 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 45.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6624-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X2.6 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 45-52 NO GAP; ! linenum: 46.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6624-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X35 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 47.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6624-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X5 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 48.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6624-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X60 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 49.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6624-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X2.6 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 50.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6624-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X35 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 51.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6624-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X5 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 52.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6624-POS2 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X60 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 53.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6637-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X3 fluxnum_1: 2 req_2: SEQ 53-62 NO GAP; ! linenum: 54.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6637-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X40 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 55.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6637-POS1 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X6 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 56.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6637-POS1 num_exp: 4 time_per_exp: X70 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 57.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6637-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X3 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 58.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6637-POS2 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X40 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 59.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6637-POS2 num_exp: 3 time_per_exp: X6 fluxnum_1: 2 ! linenum: 60.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6637-POS2 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X70 fluxnum_1: 1 ! linenum: 61.000 sequence_1: USE V targname: NGC6637-POS2 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X40 fluxnum_1: 1 req_3: POS TARG 1.0 , 1.0 ! linenum: 62.000 sequence_1: USE I targname: NGC6637-POS2 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: X70 fluxnum_1: 1 req_3: POS TARG 1.0 , 1.0 ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found