!   $Id: 5218,v 6.1 1994/07/27 15:59:05 pepsa Exp $

coverpage:

  title_1:         IO INTERACTIONS WITH THE JOVIAN PLASMA TORUS
    sci_cat:       SOLAR SYSTEM
    sci_subcat:    SATELLITES
    proposal_for:  GTO/WF2
    longterm:      3
    pi_title:      DR.
    pi_fname:      JOHN
    pi_lname:      TRAUGER
    pi_inst:       2370
    pi_country:    USA
    pi_phone:      818-354-9594
    keywords_1:    SATELLITE
    hours_pri:     2.60
    num_pri:       1
    wf_pc:         Y
    time_crit:     Y
    pi_position:   SCIENTIST
    off_fname:     JOHN
    off_mi:        T.
    off_lname:     TRAUGER
    off_title:     DR.
    off_inst:      JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
    off_addr_1:    4800 OAK GROVE DRIVE
    off_addr_2:    MAIL STOP 179-225
    off_city:      PASADENA
    off_state:     CA
    off_zip:       91109
    off_country:   USA
    off_phone:     818-354-9594
! end of coverpage

abstract:

    line_1:        The high spatial resolution of WFPC-2 will allow an extension of
    line_2:        groundbased observations of interactions between Io and the Jovian
    line_3:        plasma torus.  While Voyager and Ulysses spacecraft have given us
    line_4:        in situ snapshots of the state of the torus and identified atomic
    line_5:        and molecular species not seen from the earth, groundbased
    line_6:        observations over a period of years have provided most of our
    line_7:        understanding of its origin and evolution.  We will use
    line_8:        narrow-band images to observe neutral and ionized species on
    line_9:        spatial scales smaller than the diameter of Io, just beyond the
    line_10:       reach of groundbased observatories, in order to understand the
    line_11:       origin and evolution of the plasma torus.  HST resolution offers
    line_12:       the unique opportunity to observe and define the `missing link'
    line_13:       between Io's surface activity (volcanism, resurfacing, and
    line_14:       generation of a tenuous atmosphere) and the Jovian plasma torus
    line_15:       (which exhibits spatial structure near Io which is unresolved
    line_16:       from the ground and variations in density and brightness on time
    line_17:       scales from weeks to years).

!
! end of abstract

general_form_proposers:

  lname:           TRAUGER
    fname:         JOHN
    title:         DR.
    mi:            T.
    inst:          2370
    country:       USA
    esa:           N

!

  lname:           CLARKE
    fname:         JOHN
    title:         PROF.
    mi:            T.
    inst:          2660
    country:       USA
    esa:           N

!

  lname:           BURROWS
    fname:         CHRIS
    inst:          STSCI
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           CRISP
    fname:         DAVID
    inst:          JPL
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           HOESSEL
    fname:         JOHN
    inst:          UNIV. OF WISCONSIN
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           GALLAGHER
    fname:         JAY
    inst:          UNIV. OF WISCONSIN
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           GRIFFITHS
    fname:         RICHARD
    inst:          JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           HESTER
    fname:         JEFF
    inst:          ARIZONA STATE UNIV.
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           HOLTZMAN
    fname:         JOHN
    inst:          LOWELL OBSERVATORY
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           MOULD
    fname:         JEREMY
    inst:          CALTECH
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           WESTPHAL
    fname:         JAMES
    inst:          CALTECH
    country:       USA

!
! end of general_form_proposers block

general_form_text:


!


!


!


!


!

  question:        3
    section:       1
    line_1:        The proposed observations are images of both Io and its
    line_2:        immediate vicinity in the emission lines of NaI, [SII], [SIII],
    line_3:        [OI], and [OII], which extend groundbased investigations of the
    line_5:        origin, maintenance, and variations in the observed structures.

!

  question:        4
    section:       1
    line_1:        This subject has been investigated with increasingly sensitive
    line_2:        techniques from the ground over the past decade.  Spacecraft
    line_3:        encounters with Jupiter, including Voyager and Ulysses, provide
    line_4:        in situ `ground truth' for the proposed obervations by
    line_5:        simultaneously sampling at close range the charged particle
    line_6:        composition, radio emissions, and large aperture FUV spectra.
    line_7:        These spacecraft encounters, by their nature, cannot distinguish
    line_8:        radial from longitudinal structure in the torus, and provide data
    line_9:        for only a few widely separated points in time.  Galileo will
    line_10:       dwell in the vicinity of Jupiter for over a year, but following
    line_11:       orbital insertion it will avoid further passage through the
    line_12:       plasma torus.  The torus emissions observed from the earth in
    line_13:       the visible are too faint for observation by cameras in any of
    line_14:       the spacecraft mentioned above. The torus consistently displays
    line_15:       important spatial structure at spatial scales smaller than can be
    line_16:       resolved from the ground.  HST provides the increase in spatial
    line_17:       resolution required to probe spatial scales smaller than Io, which
    line_18:       is needed to define and distinguish the plasma injection and loss
    line_19:       mechanisms.

!

  question:        4
    section:       2
    line_1:        The proposed images contain both the torus line emissions and
    line_2:        continuum background scattered and diffracted from Jupiter and
    line_3:        its satellites.  Required exposure times for atomic emissions are
    line_4:        known from groundbased experience.  With Io in the field of
    line_5:        view, its surface brightness becomes the major factor in choosing
    line_6:        exposure times.  Exposure times are bracketed by the effects of
    line_7:        surface-reflected continuum at the short end and need for S/N in
    line_8:        atomic emissions at the long end.

!

  question:        5
    section:       1
    line_1:        Electron-exicted emissions from the torus are faint compared to
    line_2:        reflected continuum from both Jupiter and its Galilean satellites,
    line_3:        even as seen in narrowband filters.  Visibility of the Io/torus
    line_4:        interaction region therefore depends on the orbital phases of Io
    line_5:        as well as the the other Galilean satellites.  For one set of
    line_6:        observations, we wish to observe Io in eclipse but as far as
    line_7:        possible from the bright Jovian disk. The HST should be rolled
    line_8:        to place the Jovian rotational axis approximately parallel (within
    line_9:        10 degrees) to the columns in the selected CCD camera, in order
    line_10:       to minimize the effects of diffraction spikes and blooming.

!
!end of general form text

general_form_address:

  lname:           TRAUGER
    fname:         JOHN
    mi:            T.
    title:         DR.
    category:      PI
    inst:          2370
    addr_1:        4800 OAK GROVE DRIVE
    addr_2:        MAIL STOP 179-225
    city:          PASADENA
    state:         CA
    zip:           91109
    country:       USA
    phone:         818-354-9594

!
! end of general_form_address records

! No fixed target records found

solar_system_targets:

  targnum:         1
    name_1:        IO-TORUS-WEST
    descr_1:       SATELLITE IO
    lev1_1:        STD = JUPITER
    lev2_1:        STD = IO
    wind_1:        OLG OF IO BETWEEN 240 300,
    wind_2:        OLG OF JUPITER BETWEEN 310 50,
    wind_3:        SEP OF EUROPA   IO FROM EARTH GT 17",
    wind_4:        SEP OF GANYMEDE IO FROM EARTH GT 17",
    wind_5:        SEP OF CALLISTO IO FROM EARTH GT 17"
    comment_1:     EMPHASIS ON IO TRAILING HEMISPHERE
    comment_2:     FOR SEQUENCES IN CYCLE 4.
    fluxnum_1:     1
    fluxval_1:     V = 5.2 +/- 0.5
    fluxnum_2:     2
    fluxval_2:     SIZE = 1.11 +/- 0.07

!
! end of solar system targets

! No generic target records found

exposure_logsheet:

    linenum:       1.100
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA1
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F588N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       1.200
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA1
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F502N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  40.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       1.300
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA1
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F588N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  200.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = YES
    comment_1:     LONG EXPOSURE, IO WILL BLOOM

!

    linenum:       2.100
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA2
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F588N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       2.200
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA2
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F673N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       2.300
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA2
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F673N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  200.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = YES
    comment_1:     LONG EXPOSURE, IO WILL BLOOM

!

    linenum:       3.100
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA3
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F588N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       3.200
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA3
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F673N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       3.300
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA3
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F953N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  140.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = YES

!

    linenum:       4.100
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA4
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F588N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       4.200
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA4
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F631N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  16.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       4.300
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA4
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F631N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  200.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = YES
    comment_1:     LONG EXPOSURE, IO WILL BLOOM

!

    linenum:       5.100
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA5
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F588N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  10.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       5.200
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA5
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F375N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  600.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 7
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = NO

!

    linenum:       5.300
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    CORONA5
    targname:      IO-TORUS-WEST
    config:        WFPC2
    opmode:        IMAGE
    aperture:      PC1-FIX
    sp_element:    F673N
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  200.0 S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       ATD-GAIN = 15
    param_2:       CR-SPLIT = NO
    param_3:       CLOCKS = YES
    comment_1:     LONG EXPOSURE, IO WILL BLOOM

!

    linenum:       11.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA1
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 1.1,1.2,1.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     ORIENT PC1 COLUMNS PARALLEL TO JOVIAN
    comment_4:     N-S AXIS, PA OF NORTH POLE IS +19 D
    comment_5:     AT OPPOSITION, POINT +U3 TO 19 - 45 D.
    comment_6:     INVESTIGATING NAI.

!

    linenum:       12.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA2
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 2.1,2.2.2.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     INVESTIGATING [SII].

!

    linenum:       13.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA3
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 3.1,3.2,3.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     INVESTIGATING [SIII].

!

    linenum:       14.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA4
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 4.1,4.2,4.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     INVESTIGATING [OI].

!

    linenum:       15.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA5
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 5.1,5.2,5.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     INVESTIGATING [OII] AND [SIII].

!

    linenum:       16.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA1
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 1.1,1.2,1.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     ORIENT PC1 COLUMNS PARALLEL TO JOVIAN
    comment_4:     N-S AXIS, PA OF NORTH POLE IS +19 D
    comment_5:     AT OPPOSITION, POINT +U3 TO 19 - 45 D.
    comment_6:     INVESTIGATING NAI.

!

    linenum:       17.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA2
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 2.1,2.2.2.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     INVESTIGATING [SII].

!

    linenum:       18.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA1
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 1.1,1.2,1.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     ORIENT PC1 COLUMNS PARALLEL TO JOVIAN
    comment_4:     N-S AXIS, PA OF NORTH POLE IS +19 D
    comment_5:     AT OPPOSITION, POINT +U3 TO 19 - 45 D.
    comment_6:     INVESTIGATING NAI.

!

    linenum:       19.000
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    CORONA2
    priority:      1
    req_1:         SEQ 2.1,2.2.2.3 NO GAP;
    req_2:         ORIENT 334D +/- 10D;
    req_3:         PCS MODE F;
    req_4:         CYCLE 4
    comment_1:     ORIENTATION REQUIRED TO CONTROL
    comment_2:     SCATTERED LIGHT AND BLOOMING.
    comment_3:     INVESTIGATING [SII].

!
! end of exposure logsheet

! No scan data records found