! $Id: 5190,v 4.1 1994/07/27 15:49:56 pepsa Exp $ coverpage: title_1: EARLY RELEASE OBSERVATIONS OF DISTANT GALAXIES sci_cat: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS sci_subcat: EVOLUTION/COSMOLOGY proposal_for: SMC/ERO pi_title: DR. pi_fname: WILLIAM pi_lname: SPARKS pi_inst: STSCI pi_country: USA hours_pri: 7.80 num_pri: 1 wf_pc: Y ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: Our program is intended to study galaxy evolution through the line_2: investigation of galaxy morphology as a function of lookback line_3: time. The development of disks and bulges, the role of line_4: mergers, interactions, and other environmental influences, line_5: are expected to be visible over the range 0 < z < 1 as line_6: judged by the spectrophotometric evolution already observed line_7: over this redshift. This proposal aims to assess the capabilities line_8: of the refurbished HST to tackle such problems in cosmology. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: BUTCHER fname: HARVEY title: PROF. inst: KAPTEYN OBSERVATORY country: NETHERLANDS esa: Y ! lname: OEMLER fname: AUGUSTUS, JR. title: PROF. inst: DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY, YALE UNIVERSITY country: USA ! lname: DRESSLER fname: ALAN title: DR. inst: THE OBSERVATORIES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON country: USA ! lname: SPARKS fname: WILLIAM title: P.I. inst: STSCI country: USA ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: The original approved program called for imaging with the line_2: WFC of 5 fields in 4 clusters 0.36 < z < 0.55 in the first line_3: year of a two-year program. Ground-based CCD images of line_4: these fields were used to select a WFC field which includes line_5: an area for which multicolor photometry for most objects line_6: and low resolution spectroscopy for some objects are line_7: already in hand. A typical field will contain 1 line_8: contaminating field galaxy for every 2 cluster galaxies, line_9: so the sample covers a wide range of environments. The line_10: spectra have been classified according to "activity", line_11: related to star formation or an active nucleus. line_13: We have now chosen another single field in one of the lower line_14: redshift clusters of our sample, Cl0939+4712, in order to line_15: evaluate the refurbishment of the HST optics. line_17: The field center has been chosen to maximize the number of line_18: "active" galaxies while also including a distant QSO and line_19: what may be a distant cluster of galaxies surrounding it. line_20: Observations will be coadded single-orbit exposures of line_21: 15,000 s in one broad-band color, roughly corresponding to line_22: rest-frame B. This will be directly comparable to line_23: morphological classification at low redshift which is ! question: 3 section: 2 line_1: traditionally done in this color. NOTE: Although a small line_2: amount of data was also obtained in F555W in GO 4719, that line_3: filter is not being used in this ERO proposal. - RAL 7/29/93 line_5: -IMPLEMENTATION AND HISTORICAL NOTES- line_6: The observations in this program are intended as EARLY line_7: RELEASE OBSERVATIONS (ERO) designed to test and demonstrate line_8: the ability to obtain the original program objectives with line_9: the new corrective optics of WFPC2, and are intended as data line_10: for comparison to the original WF/PC data obtained with the line_11: uncorrected optics. line_13: As much as possible, this program is set up to duplicate the line_14: field which was observed in the GO programs 4014 and 4719. line_15: GO 4014 contained the original F702W exposures and GO 4719 line_16: contained the original F555W exposures. GO 4014 consisted of line_17: 5x2100s F702W exposures at one POS TARG position and 5x2100s line_18: F702W exposures at a slightly different POS TARG position line_19: ( for a total of 10x2100s F702W exposures ) in order to line_20: assist with overcoming any chip defects or problems that were line_21: associated with individual pixels. These exposures were done line_22: with CR-SPLIT=NO since the CR-SPLIT was effectively obtained line_23: by having 10 single-orbit exposures total. GO 4719 was done ! question: 3 section: 3 line_1: later but with the same ORIENT as GO 4014 in order to match line_2: the field of galaxies in the galaxy cluster CL0939 as imaged line_3: in GO 4014, although a slight change in coords ( some arcsec line_4: North of those used in GO 4014 ) was made in order to place line_5: galaxies of particular interest at better locations on the line_6: chips. GO 4719 consisted of 1x2000s F555W exposure at one POS line_7: TARG position with CR-SPLIT=0.5 ( to assist in removal of line_8: cosmic rays, since the number of F555W exposures was much line_9: smaller ) and another 1x2000s F555W exposure at a slightly line_10: different POS TARG position and again with CR-SPLIT=0.5, line_11: both for the same reasons as given above. NOTE: As mentioned line_12: above, the two F555W exposures in GO 4719 are NOT being used line_13: in this ERO program. Only specified F702W exposures are used. line_15: A "historical" note about POS TARG values is also in order, line_16: since the POS TARG coordinate system has changed 3 times so line_17: far over the course of these observations. Cycles 0 and 1 line_18: used a WFALL aperture at -10,+10 but the WF/PC-I POS TARG line_19: coordinate system then required 0,0 to specify the apex of line_20: the pyramid, and POS TARG -10,+10 corresponded to the WFALL line_21: location; Cycles 2 and 3 saw the WF/PC-I POS TARG coordinate line_22: system redefined such that with the WFALL ( or now the line_23: WFALL-FIX ) aperture still at the same location of -10,+10, ! question: 3 section: 4 line_1: the 0,0 position coincided with the WFALL-FIX aperture line_2: position, and the special requirement POS TARG +10,-10 was line_3: required to recenter the Fixed Target List coords to the line_4: apex of the pyramid. Now, with WFPC2, which has no WF1 chip line_5: but rather the smaller PC1 chip in its place, the coordinate line_6: system has remained basically the same as for Cycles 2 and 3, line_7: except that the WFALL-FIX aperture has now moved to a point line_8: on WF3, more central to the 3 WF chips, at -10,-10 from the line_9: so that POS TARG +10,+10 is required to place the Fixed line_10: Target List coords at the apex. A table summarizing the line_11: various POS TARG values used to place the Fixed Target List line_12: field center coords at the apex of the pyramid and then 1-3 line_13: arcseconds off it in the various proposals in this multi- line_14: cycle program is shown below for historical reference. line_16: PROPOSAL ID POS TARG VALUES EFFECTIVE POSITION OF line_17: AND CAMERA IN THESE PROPS FIXED TARGET LIST COORDS line_18: 4014 (WFPC I) 0,0 ----> Apex of pyramid line_19: 4014 (WFPC I) +2,+3 ----> +2",+3" from apex on WF1 line_20: 4719 (WFPC I) +10,-10 ----> Apex of pyramid line_21: 4719 (WFPC I) +11,-8 ----> +1",+2" from apex on WF1 line_22: THIS (WFPC2) +10,+10 ----> Apex of pyramid line_23: THIS (WFPC2) +11,+12 ----> +1",+2" from apex on PC1 ! question: 3 section: 5 line_1: Note that the small offset from the apex in this ERO proposal line_2: places the Fixed Target List position on PC1. A value of line_3: POS TARG +9,+8 could replace the POS TARG +11,+12 if it is line_4: necessary to not reference from WF to PC. It was uncertain line_5: at the time of submission how the POS TARG reference system line_6: would work when referencing a position from the WFALL-FIX line_7: aperture location onto a position located on the PC1 chip. line_8: It was opted to make the small offset back onto PC1 to give line_9: better coverage to objects along the northern edge of WF line_10: Chip 4 (which is why the coords were also adjusted northward) line_11: so that the central field and other objects of greatest line_12: interest are still covered in both sets of frames, those line_13: taken at the apex position and those taken slightly off from line_14: the apex. If technically feasible, the two ideal POS TARG line_15: positions to use here would be +10,+10 (apex) and +11,+12. line_17: The coords in this proposal are 20 arcsec North of those line_18: used in GO 4014 and 11 arcsec North of those used in GO 4719. line_19: These changes in the coords were made in order to better line_20: position the distant QSO on the WF chip 4, or the alternative line_21: WF chips if a different ORIENT must be used for scheduling line_22: purposes. All exposures in this program should be done within line_23: 7 days. All exposures in Exp Log lines 1-2 must be done at ! question: 3 section: 6 line_1: the SAME ORIENT. line_3: NOTE: PSF exposures of NGC 188 have been removed from this line_4: program since AD and WS have said they were not needed. line_5: -RAL - 11 August, 1993 line_6: The requested ORIENT angles are intended to duplicate that line_7: used in both GO 4014 and GO 4719. The preferred ORIENT of line_8: 137.32D +/- 0.01D matches that used in both of the previous line_9: programs and is designed so as to place the distant QSO and line_10: the possible distant cluster around it on Chip 4, and the line_11: more northerly coords which refer to the ~apex position line_12: AFTER the POS TARG positionings are applied are intended to line_13: move the QSO and possible distant cluster inwards ( i.e. line_14: away from the outer edge ) on the chip from its placement line_15: which was nearer the edge in the original programs. The line_16: possible distant cluster of galaxies around the QSO was a line_17: serendipitous discovery in the earlier program and so its line_18: placement on the chip was happenstance there. Note also that line_19: there was no particular ORIENT specified in GO 4014, but it line_20: was specified in GO 4719 which was executed a year later line_21: with the purpose of duplicating GO 4014, as this program is line_22: intended to duplicate the earlier two. However, if necessary line_23: for scheduling reasons and the ability for this to be done ! question: 3 section: 7 line_1: during the ERO period, the following alternate ORIENT angles line_2: may be used with the same +/- range: 227.32D ( places the line_3: QSO on Chip 3 ) or 317.32D ( places the QSO on Chip 2). DO line_4: NOT USE 47.32D AS AN ALTERNATE AS THIS WILL PLACE THE QSO line_5: OFF THE WF CHIPS AND OUT OF THE FOV OF PC1 AS WELL. Since line_6: the center of the FOV has been moved by POS TARG +10,+10 line_7: such that the field coords given in the Fixed Target List line_8: are placed ~at the apex of the pyramid, rotating the FOV line_9: around those coords while using either of the two other line_10: acceptable ORIENT angles should produce virtually identical line_11: fields around the QSO and possible distant galaxy cluster line_12: in each of the 2 other WF chips ( WF3 and WF2 ) as that line_13: which will be produced in WF4 using the preferred ORIENT line_14: of 137.32D. Finally, note that the aim here is NOT to center line_15: the QSO on one of the WF chips, but rather to remain fairly line_16: close to the same FOVs as used in GO 4014 and GO 4719 while line_17: better placing the QSO on a WF chip by the small northward line_18: adjustment to the Fixed Target List coordinates provided by line_19: Alan Dressler. With the Fixed Target List coords placed at line_20: the apex and 1"-2" off near the apex for the small offsets, line_21: the FOV can be rotated to the alternate ORIENT angles listed line_22: above if needed for scheduling, during the ERO/SV period and line_23: still cover the correct field of view. - Ray Lucas, 7/5/1993. ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: Morphology is the missing component in our attempts to line_2: study galaxy evolution for 0 < z < 1. At the distance line_3: of our intended targets, 1 arcsecond = 7 1/h kpc, so line_4: morphological classification is extremely crude with line_5: ground-based seeing of FWHM = 0.5-1.0 arcseconds. No line_6: meaningful comparisons can be made with low-z classification line_7: systems. The HST with the WFC, with its field of 2.7 x 2.7 line_8: arcminutes and 0.1 arcsecond pixels, affords us the only line_9: opportunity to fundamentally correct this deficiency. line_10: Though not as detailed as the classification of galaxies line_11: within the Local Supercluster, where resolutions of order line_12: 100 pc can be obtained, imaging with resolutions of order line_13: 1 kpc has thus been shown to be sufficient to distinguish line_14: between the major classes in the Hubble or de Vaucouleurs line_15: schemes. Before the discovery of SA in the HST optical line_16: system, it was anticipated that nearly the same resolution line_17: of 0.7 1/h kpc could be obtained for galaxies in clusters line_18: at z = 0.5. The present plan is to test the degree to line_19: which this can be achieved with WFPC2. ! question: 5 section: 1 line_1: Do all exposures in this program within 7 days. ( This limit line_2: may be relaxed if necessary so long as the essential goal of line_3: having all exposures of the science target, CL0939, made at line_4: at the SAME ORIENT is met, and that the preferable ORIENT line_5: angle ( or one of the acceptable alternates ) is used. Only line_6: a small +/- range in ORIENT angle is used in order to ensure line_7: that the same field over the multi-chip mosaic is observed line_8: as was previously observed, except for the northward shift of line_9: the target coords in this proposal. It is recognized that line_10: this restricts schedulability, however due to the desire to line_11: match the field of view ( except for the shift northward ) line_12: of a previous 4-chip mosaic of galaxies in this cluster to line_13: a similar 3-chip mosaic in this proposal, the acceptable line_14: ORIENTs and their acceptable +/- ranges are constrained in line_15: this way. PLEASE NOTIFY THE OBSERVERS AND INVOLVE THEM IN line_16: THE DECISION IF IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO OBSERVE AT ANY OTHER line_17: ORIENT ANGLES OTHER THAN THE PREFERRED ORIENT ANGLE SINCE line_18: CARE MUST ALSO BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT THE DISTANT QSO ALSO line_19: REMAINS IN AN ACCEPTABLE LOCATION ON ONE OF THE WF CHIPS, AS line_20: WELL AS STILL HAVING THE CLUSTER GALAXIES OF PRIME INTEREST line_21: OPTIMALLY PLACED ON THE THREE WF CHIPS. line_22: Five 2100s exposures with Fixed Target List coords placed at line_23: the apex are made with POS TARG +10,+10. Five more 2100s ! question: 5 section: 2 line_1: exposures with POS TARG +11,+12 are made so that an offset or line_2: small shift of +1 arcsec in X and +2 arcsec in Y is made line_3: between the two sets in order to assist in detection and line_4: overcoming of any chip defects or bad pixels when coadding line_5: the ten exposures. CR-SPLIT=NO is used since the 10 exposures line_6: allow detection and removal of cosmic ray events without any line_7: need to split each exposure into subexposures. ! question: 7 section: 1 line_1: NA ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: The data will be processed rapidly for early release. ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: Sparks fname: William title: Dr. category: PI inst: STScI addr_1: 3700 San Martin city: BALTIMORE state: MD zip: 21218 country: USA phone: 410-338-4827 telex: 410-338-1592 from_date: 21-MAR-88 to_date: 21-MAR-98 ! ! end of general_form_address records fixed_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: GAL-CLUS-093942+4713-FLD1 descr_1: Z = 0.40 CLUSTER OF GALAXIES pos_1: RA= 09H39M48.0S +/-0.1S, pos_2: DEC= +47D12'41.0" +/-1" equinox: 1950.0 pm_or_par: N rv_or_z: Z=0.40 ! ! end of fixed targets ! No solar system records found ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 1.000 targname: GAL-CLUS-093942+4713-FLD1 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: WFALL-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 5 time_per_exp: 2100S priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: CYCLE 4 / 1-2; req_2: POS TARG +10,+10; req_3: GROUP 1-2 WITHIN 7D; req_4: SAME ORIENT FOR 2 AS 1; req_5: ORIENT 137.32D +/- 0.01D; comment_1: THIS PREFERRED ORIENT PLACES QSO AND comment_2: DISTANT CLUSTER ON CHIP 4. ACCEPTABLE comment_3: ALTERNATIVES ARE ORIENT 227.32D (QSO comment_4: ON CHIP 3) OR ORIENT 317.32D (QSO ON comment_5: CHIP2). POS TARG +10,+10 PLACES TARGET comment_6: COORDS ~AT APEX OF PYRAMID.-RAL 7/5/93 ! linenum: 2.000 targname: GAL-CLUS-093942+4713-FLD1 config: WFPC2 opmode: IMAGE aperture: WFALL-FIX sp_element: F702W num_exp: 5 time_per_exp: 2100S priority: 1 param_1: CR-SPLIT=NO req_1: POS TARG +11,+12; comment_1: OFFSET 1 ARCSEC IN X AND 2 ARCSEC IN comment_2: Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS ASSOC comment_3: WITH INDIVIDUAL PIXELS ETC. THE comment_4: ORIENTS ARE TO DUPLICATE AS NEARLY AS comment_5: POSSIBLE THOSE USED EARLIER IN GO 4014 comment_6: AND GO 4719. -RAY LUCAS, 5 JULY, 1993. ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found