!  File:  3250C.PROP
!  Database:  PEPDB
!  Date:  18-FEB-1994:23:54:39

coverpage:

  title_1:         GRAVITATIONAL LENSES PART I - CYC2HIGH
    sci_cat:       QUASARS & AGN
    proposal_for:  GTO/HSP
    longterm:      3
    cont_id:       1096
    pi_fname:      ROBERT
    pi_mi:         C.
    pi_lname:      BLESS
    pi_inst:       WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF
    pi_country:    USA
    pi_phone:      (608)262-1715
    keywords_1:    GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; BLACK HOLES; HUBBLE CONSTANT
    hours_pri:     5.61
    num_pri:       4
! end of coverpage

abstract:

    line_1:        Photometric and polarimetric observations will be
    line_2:        made of systems whose properties are ascribed to the
    line_3:        effect of a gravitational lens. The similarity of
    line_4:        the images in the previously unobserved UV region of
    line_5:        the spectrum, both photometrically and
    line_6:        polarimetrically, is necessary for these objects to
    line_7:        be gravitational lens systems; any differences found
    line_8:        will be carefully studied to determine what
    line_9:        constraints they put on the system. Systems whose
    line_10:       properties appear consistent with a point mass
    line_11:       deflector (i.e., a black hole) will be monitored to
    line_12:       determine whether photometric or polarimetric
    line_13:       variability exists in the images. The distance to
    line_14:       the deflecting mass in this case can be related to
    line_15:       the path length difference between the two image
    line_16:       paths from the imaged quasar to the observer. The
    line_17:       path length difference can be derived directly from
    line_18:       the time difference between the same variation
    line_19:       occurring in each image. The parallaxes of objects
    line_20:       at E+3 Mpc distances are of obvious importance to a

!
! end of abstract

general_form_proposers:

  lname:           VAN CITTERS
    fname:         G.
    mi:            W.
    inst:          NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           ROBINSON
    fname:         EDWARD
    mi:            L.
    inst:          TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           WHITE
    fname:         RICHARD
    mi:            L.
    inst:          SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           BLESS
    fname:         ROBERT
    mi:            C.
    inst:          WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           ELLIOT
    fname:         JAMES
    mi:            L.
    inst:          MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    country:       USA

!

  lname:           DOLAN
    fname:         JOSEPH
    mi:            F.
    inst:          NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
    country:       USA

!
! end of general_form_proposers block

general_form_text:

  question:        3
    section:       1
    line_1:        The operational method of determing Delta T would be
    line_2:        to:  - determine if the quasar image more distant
    line_3:        from the deflecting mass varies photometrically or
    line_4:        polarimetrically; - if so, detect some
    line_5:        characteristic signature in the variation;
    line_6:        (Timescales on the order of weeks are the optimum
    line_7:        ones sought for the purpose of this program.) -
    line_8:        monitor the other image until the variation with
    line_9:        this characteristic signature is detected; then -
    line_10:       observe the second image well enough to identify the
    line_11:       variation as identical to the one previously
    line_12:       observed in the first image.  Note: STScI had to
    line_13:       divide this program into two program, 1096 and
    line_14:       1391.

!

  question:        4
    section:       1
    line_1:        (1) Observations in the UV, accessible only to ST,
    line_2:        will effectively double the frequency range over
    line_3:        which the similarity of the images' broad-band
    line_4:        spectral and polarimetric properities can be
    line_5:        examined.  (2) The reliable identification of
    line_6:        individual variations requires accurate photometry
    line_7:        or polarimetry. The images are faint enough that the
    line_8:        increased signal to noise available with ST/HSP over
    line_9:        ground-based photmetry (polarimetry) may make the
    line_10:       difference between identifying an individual
    line_11:       variation and remaining uncertain to whether a
    line_12:       variation seen in one image is really identical to
    line_13:       that observed in the other.

!

  question:        7
    section:       1
    line_1:        Standard data reduction procedures will be applied
    line_2:        to both the photometric and polarimetric data.
    line_3:        Measurements of any photmetric quantity or
    line_4:        normalized Stokes parameter will be compared to the
    line_5:        same quantity measured at a different time, i.e.,
    line_6:        relative and not absolute measurements will be made.
    line_7:        An analysis will concentrate on the detection of
    line_8:        characteristic signatures in any variability
    line_9:        detected. The derivation of the parallax of the
    line_10:       deflecting mass from an observed time delay is out
    line_11:       lined in Sec. 2. above.

!

  question:        12
    section:       1
    line_1:        The gravitational lens program is directly related
    line_2:        to the third scientific objective of HSP listed in
    line_3:        the CEI specifications: "Measurement of the time
    line_4:        scales of fastest variablity of . . . Quasi-Stellar
    line_5:        Objects (QSO's) to determine their characteristic
    line_6:        dimensions", and also the fifth scientific
    line_7:        objective, "Determination of the wavelength and time
    line_8:        dependence of polarization in . . . QSO's active
    line_9:        galactic nuclei, etc.".

!

  question:        13
    section:       1
    line_1:        Photometric and polarimetric observations will be
    line_2:        made of gravitational lens systems whose properties
    line_3:        suggest that a black hole may be the deflecting
    line_4:        mass.  If the lensed quasar is variable, a
    line_5:        characteristic signature in the variation will be
    line_6:        sought and the delayed image monitored to determine
    line_7:        the path length difference between images by a
    line_8:        "time-of-flight" measurement. The parallax of the
    line_9:        deflecting mass may then be determined.

!
!end of general form text

general_form_address:

  lname:           BLESS
    fname:         ROBERT
    mi:            C.
    category:      PI
    inst:          UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
    addr_1:        SPACE ASTRONOMY LAB.
    addr_2:        1150 UNIVERSITY AVE.
    city:          MADISON
    state:         WI
    zip:           53706
    country:       USA
    phone:         (608)262-1715

!

  lname:           DOLAN
    fname:         JOSEPH
    mi:            F.
    category:      CON
    inst:          NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
    addr_1:        CODE 681
    city:          GREENBELT
    state:         MD
    zip:           20771
    country:       USA
    phone:         (301)286-5920

!
! end of general_form_address records

fixed_targets:

    targnum:       1
    name_1:        QSO0957+561A
    descr_1:       GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR
    pos_1:         RA = 10H 01M 20.8S +/- 0.1S,
    pos_2:         DEC = +55D 53' 55.4" +/- 1"
    equinox:       2000
    comment_1:     POSREF = DOLAN
    fluxnum_1:     1
    fluxval_1:     V=17.4

!

    targnum:       2
    name_1:        QSO0957+561B
    descr_1:       ^
    pos_1:         RA-OFF= +0.143S +/- 0.007S,
    pos_2:         DEC-OFF= -6.06" +/- 0.1",
    pos_3:         FROM 1
    equinox:       ^
    comment_1:     POSREF = DOLAN
    fluxnum_1:     1
    fluxval_1:     V=17.5

!

    targnum:       25
    name_1:        QSO0957+561BKG
    descr_1:       SKY BACKGROUND LOCATION
    pos_1:         RA-OFF= -1.59S +/- 0.01S,
    pos_2:         DEC-OFF= +0.06" +/- 0.01",
    pos_3:         FROM 1,
    equinox:       ^
    fluxnum_1:     1
    fluxval_1:     V=22

!
! end of fixed targets

! No solar system records found

! No generic target records found

exposure_logsheet:

    linenum:       0.500
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    ACQP
    targname:      #
    config:        HSP/POL
    opmode:        ACQ
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  1M
    s_to_n:        #
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #

!

    linenum:       0.600
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    ACQ2
    targname:      #
    config:        HSP/UV2
    opmode:        ACQ
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  1M
    s_to_n:        #
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #

!

    linenum:       1.000
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    PHOT
    targname:      #
    config:        HSP/UV2
    opmode:        SINGLE
    aperture:      1.0-C
    sp_element:    F140LP
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  2M
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #

!

    linenum:       2.000
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    PHOT1
    targname:      #
    config:        ^
    opmode:        STAR-SKY
    aperture:      1.0-B
    sp_element:    F248M
    num_exp:       ^
    time_per_exp:  ^
    s_to_n:        ^
    fluxnum_1:     ^
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #

!

    linenum:       3.000
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    PHOT2
    targname:      #
    config:        ^
    opmode:        ^
    aperture:      1.0-A
    sp_element:    F284M
    num_exp:       ^
    time_per_exp:  ^
    s_to_n:        ^
    fluxnum_1:     ^
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #

!

    linenum:       5.000
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    POL
    targname:      #
    config:        HSP/POL
    opmode:        STAR-SKY
    aperture:      POL0
    sp_element:    F277M
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  200S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #
    req_1:         SEQ 5-11 NON-INT;

!

    linenum:       7.000
    sequence_1:    ^
    targname:      #
    config:        ^
    opmode:        ^
    aperture:      POL90
    sp_element:    ^
    num_exp:       ^
    time_per_exp:  200S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #

!

    linenum:       9.000
    sequence_1:    ^
    targname:      #
    config:        ^
    opmode:        ^
    aperture:      POL45
    sp_element:    ^
    num_exp:       ^
    time_per_exp:  200S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #

!

    linenum:       11.000
    sequence_1:    DEFINE
    sequence_2:    POL
    targname:      #
    config:        HSP/POL
    opmode:        STAR-SKY
    aperture:      POL135
    sp_element:    F277M
    num_exp:       1
    time_per_exp:  200S
    s_to_n:        100
    fluxnum_1:     1
    priority:      #
    param_1:       #

!

    linenum:       13.900
    sequence_1:    USE ACQP
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    time_per_exp:  X2
    s_to_n:        15
    s_to_n_time:   0.45S
    priority:      1
    req_1:         ONBOARD ACQ FOR 17.000-17.130;
    req_2:         CYCLE 3 /13.9-23.52;
    req_3:         PCS MODE FINE / 13.9-23.52;

!

    linenum:       17.000
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=15,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    req_1:         SEQ 13.9-17.13 NO GAP;
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 29 AND 108.5.

!

    linenum:       17.010
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=15,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 29 AND 108.5.

!

    linenum:       17.020
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=15,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 29 AND 108.5.

!

    linenum:       17.030
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=15,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 29 AND 108.5.

!

    linenum:       17.100
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=233,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 92.5 AND 103.

!

    linenum:       17.110
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=233,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 92.5 AND 103.

!

    linenum:       17.120
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=233,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 92.5 AND 103.

!

    linenum:       17.130
    sequence_1:    USE POL
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=233,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_4:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.3,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES
    comment_2:     ARE 92.5 AND 103.

!

    linenum:       18.000
    sequence_1:    USE ACQ2
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    time_per_exp:  X4
    s_to_n:        15
    s_to_n_time:   0.3S
    priority:      1
    req_1:         INT ACQ FOR 18.5;
    req_2:         SEQ 18.0-23.52 NO GAP;

!

    linenum:       18.500
    sequence_1:    USE PHOT
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1

!

    linenum:       18.510
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    PHOT1
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=125,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SKY-APER=1.0-A,
    param_4:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_5:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.1,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES ARE 118 AND 209.

!

    linenum:       18.520
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    PHOT2
    targname:      QSO0957+561A
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=125,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SKY-APER=1.0-B,
    param_4:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_5:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.1,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLES ARE 118 AND 209.

!

    linenum:       18.600
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    PHOT
    targname:      QSO0957+561BKG
    priority:      1

!

    linenum:       23.500
    sequence_1:    USE PHOT
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1

!

    linenum:       23.510
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    PHOT1
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=5,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SKY-APER=1.0-A,
    param_4:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_5:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.1,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLE = 13.

!

    linenum:       23.520
    sequence_1:    USE
    sequence_2:    PHOT2
    targname:      QSO0957+561B
    priority:      1
    param_1:       SPOILER-ANGLE=5,
    param_2:       SPOILER-SPREAD=10,
    param_3:       SKY-APER=1.0-B,
    param_4:       SAMPLE-TIME=1,
    param_5:       SKY-SAMPLE=0.1,
    comment_1:     OTHER SPOILER-ANGLE = 13.

!
! end of exposure logsheet

! No scan data records found