! File: 1010C.PROP ! Database: PEPDB ! Date: 15-FEB-1994:22:09:54 coverpage: title_1: GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION OF LIGHT (BY JUPITER) sci_cat: SOLAR SYSTEM proposal_for: GTO/AST pi_fname: WILLIAM pi_mi: H. pi_lname: JEFFERYS pi_inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF pi_country: USA pi_phone: (512) 471-4461 keywords_1: GRAVITATION; RELATIVITY hours_pri: 4.00 num_pri: 2 time_crit: X pi_position: PROFESSOR OF ASTRON ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: We propose to measure the gravitational deflection of light by Jupiter. This line_2: will extend this classical test of general relativity to a mass regime three line_3: orders of magnitude lower than previously possible, with an expected accuracy line_4: of a few percent. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: JEFFERYS fname: WILLIAM mi: H. inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! lname: WHIPPLE fname: ARTHUR mi: L. inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! lname: FRANZ fname: OTTO mi: G. inst: LOWELL OBSERVATORY country: USA ! lname: VAN ALTENA fname: WILLIAM mi: F. inst: YALE UNIVERSITY country: USA ! lname: BENEDICT fname: GEORGE mi: F. inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! lname: DUNCOMBE fname: RAYNOR mi: L. inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! lname: HEMENWAY fname: PAUL mi: D. inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! lname: SHELUS fname: PETER mi: J. inst: TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! lname: FREDRICK fname: LAURENCE mi: W. inst: VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: The entire sequence of observations will take a few days. As Jupiter line_2: moves through a star field, relative measurements of 2 stars will be made line_3: on 4 occasions, with Jupiter in a different position on each occasion. line_4: It is important that the FGS be in the same position relative to the line_5: stars each time. The FGS will repeatedly measure the position of each line_6: star. In addition, we will perform ten transfer scans of each of the 2 line_7: stars so that we can use the transfer functions of these stars to better line_8: reduce the relative measurements of the stars. The total estimated exposure line_9: time is 4 hours. line_10: The 1994 opposition is not particularly favorable in terms of line_11: richness of the fields through which Jupiter will pass. We have line_12: chosen this field because the brightness of the stars will allow line_13: use of the pupil filter to reduce Jupiter's scattered light. line_14: We propose to schedule this observation during the 1994 opposition line_15: (cycle 4) unless we can find a better candidate. line_16: We are now investigating later oppositions to see if a more line_17: favorable situation can be found. ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: At present time, only the FGS has the inherent accuracy over a sufficiently line_2: large field of view to obtain accuracy at the few percent level. ! question: 5 section: 1 line_1: For the observation to be successful, all exposures must be made while Jupiter line_2: is in the selected field. Thus a time limit from first to last exposure is the line_3: main constraint. ! question: 6 section: 1 line_1: The maximum uninterrupted exposure is 30 minutes, approximately. No special line_2: calibration is implied. line_3: Once the first set of observations have been obtained with a particular line_4: position and orientation, subsequent observation sets must also have the same line_5: position and orientation, for complete elimination of systematic effects due to line_6: residual optical distortion. line_7: The particular observations here described require off-nominal rolls, line_8: but are conducted within 60 degrees of the antisolar point. ! question: 7 section: 1 line_1: The ADRS GAUSSFIT program is designed to handle general data reduction problems line_2: for astrometry. A model appropriate to this problem will consist of a standard line_3: linear astrometric model, augmented by a term for the gravitational deflection line_4: of Jupiter. This is simple to incorporate into GAUSSFIT. line_5: All other aspects of the reduction will involve the standard calibrations built line_6: into SDAS and/or the astrometry data pipeline. ! question: 8 section: 1 line_1: Observations are time critical with respect to Jupiter's passage through the line_2: selected star field. line_3: When slewing the FGS between reference stars, care should be taken not to allow line_4: Jupiter to fall within the FGS aperture. line_5: The dates selected, 6/22/94 - 6/24/94, appear to be the best available during line_6: the 1994 opposition. The two stars are fairly bright and the use of the line_7: pupil filter will reduce the effect of Jupiter's scattered light. line_8: In case of failure to lock onto the targets, line_9: we are now looking at dates in subsequent line_10: oppositions that may provide favorable observing conditions. line_11: The V magnitudes and positions of the targets are from line_12: the GSSS. ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: We will augment SDAS computers with analysis on the UT Astrometry sun line_2: workstations and astrometry VAX computer. Support for RA's will come from our line_3: GTO funding. ! question: 13 section: 1 line_1: The gravitational deflection of starlight by Jupiter is expected to be measured line_2: with an accuracy of a few percent. ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: JEFFERYS fname: WILLIAM mi: H. category: PI inst: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS addr_1: ASTRONOMY DEPARTMENT city: AUSTIN state: TX zip: 78712 country: USA phone: (512) 471-4461 telex: TEXASTRO ! ! end of general_form_address records fixed_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: EIN1 descr_1: TARGET STAR FOR EINSTEIN pos_1: RA = 213.08685D +/- 1", pos_2: DEC = -12.02361D +/- 1" equinox: 2000 pm_or_par: N fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 11.62 +/- 0.5 ! targnum: 2 name_1: EIN2-REF descr_1: REFERENCE STAR FOR EINSTEIN pos_1: RA = 213.1436917D +/- 1", pos_2: DEC = -11.96097D +/- 1" equinox: 2000 pm_or_par: ^ fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 10.35 +/- 0.8 ! ! end of fixed targets ! No solar system records found ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 50.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: EINPOS3 targname: EIN1 config: FGS opmode: POS aperture: 3 sp_element: PUPIL num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 52S s_to_n: 10 fluxnum_1: 1 priority: # param_1: DATA-RATE=32 param_2: ACQ-DIST=5 req_1: ORIENT 81D+/-0.3D; req_2: SEQ 50-59 NON-INT; req_3: POS TARG +36, +63; comment_1: ORIENT USES SAME CONVENTION AS FOR comment_2: THETA-OPT. IS THIS CORRECT? ! linenum: 51.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN2-REF config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ param_2: ^ req_1: SAME POS FOR 51-59 AS 50; req_2: SAME ORIENT FOR 51-59 AS 50; ! linenum: 52.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN1 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 53.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN2-REF config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 54.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN1 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 55.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN2-REF config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 56.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN1 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 57.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN2-REF config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 58.000 sequence_1: ^ sequence_2: ^ targname: EIN1 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ ! linenum: 59.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: EINPOS3 targname: EIN2-REF config: FGS opmode: POS aperture: 3 sp_element: PUPIL num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 52S s_to_n: 10 fluxnum_1: 1 priority: # param_1: DATA-RATE=32 param_2: ACQ-DIST=5 ! linenum: 61.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CHECK31 targname: EIN1 config: FGS opmode: TRANS aperture: 3 sp_element: PUPIL num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 200S s_to_n: 10 fluxnum_1: 1 priority: # param_1: DATA-RATE=32, SCANS=10, param_2: STEP-SIZE=1.5, ACQ-MODE=SEARCH req_1: POS TARG +36, +63; req_2: ORIENT 81D +/- 0.3D; comment_1: DETERMINE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION comment_2: OF THIS STAR ! linenum: 62.000 sequence_1: DEFINE sequence_2: CHECK32 targname: EIN2-REF config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: ^ num_exp: ^ time_per_exp: ^ s_to_n: ^ fluxnum_1: ^ priority: ^ param_1: ^ param_2: ^ req_1: POS TARG +272, -125; req_2: ORIENT 81D +/- 0.3D; comment_1: ^ ! linenum: 300.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: EINPOS3 priority: 1 req_1: AT 21-JUN-94:14:00:00 +/- 12H; req_2: CRIT OBS; req_3: CYCLE 4 / 300-305; req_4: SEQ 300-305 WITHIN 5D comment_1: ALL OBSERVATIONS MUST BE MADE WITH comment_2: THE SAME SPACECRAFT POSITION AND comment_3: AND ORIENTATION. ! linenum: 301.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: EINPOS3 priority: 1 req_1: AT 23-JUN-94:13:00:00 +/- 1H; req_2: CRIT OBS; comment_1: LINES 301 AND 302 SHOULD BE SCHEDULED comment_2: IN CONSECUTIVE ORBITS. ! linenum: 302.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: EINPOS3 priority: 1 req_1: AT 23-JUN-94:15:00:00 +/- 1H; req_2: CRIT OBS; ! linenum: 303.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: EINPOS3 priority: 1 req_1: AT 25-JUN-94:14:00:00 +/- 12H; req_2: CRIT OBS; ! linenum: 304.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: CHECK31 priority: 1 ! linenum: 305.000 sequence_1: USE sequence_2: CHECK32 priority: 1 ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found