Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 892 Report Date: 18-Jul-95:22:08 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: ST FOCUS INVESTIGATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID ENG Sub Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Dr. Vicki Balzano SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INST USA 410-338-4736 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The aim of this proposal is to investigate the cause of ST focus changes over an orbit using the FOC and the PC. The overall goal is to take as many observations as possible of a point source with an optimum signal/noise ratio with both of the cameras over the period of one orbit. For the benefit of short FOC exposure times, a small FOC detector format will be used ( 256x256 ). In order to ensure, however, that the target is indeed well centered in this small FOV a Target Acquisition Mode I procedure has to be scheduled prior to the start of the series of parallel observations. One series of observations will be taken in the CVZ and another roughly in the orbital plane each over the time of TWO orbits. Due to the volume of Science Data the STR has to be dumped after the first orbit of taking data. The FOC is the primary SI and the PC is the secondary SI and the Telemetry format is "AN". PC observations are taken back to back during the orbit following the parallel observations to get as many data points close to each other. The execution of the proposal is time critical and must be executed by May 25, 1993 +/- 1 day. Special scheduling requirement for the orbital plane target (ONLY): Schedule science alignments to begin as close to "orbit noon" as possible. (NOT required for the Interactive Acquisition for the FOC orbital plane target.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 0 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 0 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOC WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 892 PI: Dr. Vicki Balzano Proposal Title: ST FOCUS INVESTIGATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pi Vicki Balzano SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Pierre Bely SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Manfred Miebach SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Hashima Hasan SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Glenn Schneider SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. The execution of the proposal is time critical and must be executed by May 25, 1993 +/- 1 day. Special scheduling requirement for the orbital plane target (ONLY): Schedule science alignments to begin as close to "orbit noon" as possible. (NOT required for the Interactive Acquisition for the FOC orbital plane target.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: VICKI BALZANO Category: PI Institution: SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE Address: 3700 SAN MARTIN DRIVE City: BALTIMORE State: MD Zip Code: Country: USA Telephone: Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 892 [ 3] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 CVZ-FOC STAR RA=20H 15M 57.360S +/- 0.1S, 2000 2 V=13.84 DEC=-61D 49' 43.428" +/- 1", Comments: FOC TARGET FOR CVZ. GSID=9086.00349 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 CVZ-PC7 STAR RA=20H 15M 46.721S +/- 0.1S, 2000 2 V=12.49 DEC=-61D 43' 47.388" +/- 1", Comments: PC TARGET FOR CVZ. GSID=9086.01276 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M11-FOC STAR RA=18H 51M 17.218S +/- 0.1S, 2000 2 V=12.76 DEC=-06D 22' 23.376" +/- 1", Comments: FOC TARGET FOR ORBITAL PLANE. GSID=5126.05213 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M11-PC6 STAR RA=18H 50M 55.838S +/- 0.1S, 2000 2 V=10.82 DEC=-06D 18' 14.400" +/- 1", Comments: PC TARGET FOR ORBITAL PLANE. GSID=5126.02663 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 892 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 CYCLE 3 / 1-44 SEQ 1-2 NO GAP INT ACQ FOR 2.0 ORIENT -73.28D +/- 0D Comments: THIS IS THE DECISION EXPOSURE FOR THE TA MODE I PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED BY A SIP. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 2 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 2.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 4 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 4.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 6 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 6.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 8 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 8.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 10 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 892 [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 10.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 12 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 12.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 14 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 14.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 16 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 16.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 18 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 18.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 CVZ-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 20 AS 1 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 20S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 20.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 892 [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 CVZ-PC7 PC IMAGE PC7 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 24 20S 1 2 1 AFTER 20 BY 95M +/ - 5M NON-INT SAME POS FOR 22 AS 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 22 Comments: DO 24 BACK TO BACK PC SCIENCE AS 1 EXPOSURES. READ OUT CCD7 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SEQ 23-24 NO GAP F1ND INT ACQ FOR 24.0 ORIENT -115.44D +/ - 0D Comments: THIS IS THE DECISION EXPOSURE FOR THE TA MODE I PROCEDURE FOR THE ORBITAL TARGET FOLLOWED BY A SIP. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 24 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 24.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 26 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 26.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 28 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 28.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 30 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 892 [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 30.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 32 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 32.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 34 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 34 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH THE PC OBSERVATIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 2 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 34.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 36 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 36.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 38 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 38 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 38.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 40 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 40.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 892 [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 M11-FOC FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 F550M, 1 300S 1 2 1 SAME ORIENT FOR 42 F1ND AS 23 Comments: THIS IS AN FOC SCIENCE EXPOSURE TO START IN PARALLEL WITH ONE PC OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 1 4.0S 1 2 1 PAR WITH 42.0 Comments: READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 44 M11-PC6 PC IMAGE PC6 F547M PRE-FLASH=NO 16 4.0S 1 2 1 AFTER 42 BY 95M +/ - 5M NON-INT SAME POS FOR 44 AS 23 SAME ORIENT FOR 44 Comments: DO 16 BACK TO BACK PC SCIENCE AS 23 EXPOSURES. READ OUT CCD6 ONLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 892 [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations FOC/96 PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters PRE-FLASH=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for ENG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 3 / 1-44; SEQ 1-2 NO GAP; INT ACQ FOR 2.0; ORIENT -73.28D +/- 0D; SAME ORIENT FOR 2 AS 1 PAR WITH 2.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 4 AS 1 PAR WITH 4.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 6 AS 1 PAR WITH 6.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 8 AS 1 PAR WITH 8.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 10 AS 1 PAR WITH 10.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 12 AS 1 PAR WITH 12.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 14 AS 1 PAR WITH 14.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 16 AS 1 PAR WITH 16.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 18 AS 1 PAR WITH 18.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 20 AS 1 PAR WITH 20.0 AFTER 20 BY 95M +/- 5M; NON-INT; SAME POS FOR 22 AS 1; SAME ORIENT FOR 22 AS 1; SEQ 23-24 NO GAP; INT ACQ FOR 24.0; ORIENT -115.44D +/- 0D; SAME ORIENT FOR 24 AS 23 PAR WITH 24.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 26 AS 23 PAR WITH 26.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 28 AS 23 PAR WITH 28.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 30 AS 23 PAR WITH 30.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 32 AS 23 PAR WITH 32.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 34 AS 23 PAR WITH 34.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 36 AS 23 PAR WITH 36.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 38 AS 23 PAR WITH 38.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 40 AS 23 PAR WITH 40.0 SAME ORIENT FOR 42 AS 23 PAR WITH 42.0 AFTER 42 BY 95M +/- 5M; SAME POS FOR 44 AS 23; SAME ORIENT FOR 44 AS 23; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F550M F547M F550M,F1ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names CVZ-FOC CVZ-PC7 M11-FOC M11-PC6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------