! Proposal 5987, submission 7 ! PI: Megan Donahue ! Received Mon Feb 5 14:28:52 EST 1996 ! From: donahue@stsci.edu ! +====================+ ! | PED OUTPUT PRODUCT | ! +====================+ ! ! /diana/data1/megan/prop/hst/5987.prop ! Generated by PREPROCESSOR, version 6.0e ! Date: Thu Dec 21 12:07:22 EST 1995 Proposal_Information Title: WFPC Observations of Distant, X-ray Luminous Clusters of Galaxies Proposal_Category: GO Scientific_Category: Galaxies & Clusters Cycle: 5 Investigators PI_Name: Megan Donahue PI_Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute CoI_Name: John T. Stocke CoI_Institution: University of Colorado Contact: CoI_Name: Isabella M. Gioia CoI_Institution: Institute for Astronomy, Hawaii Contact: CoI_Name: Gerry A. Luppino CoI_Institution: Institute for Astronomy, Hawaii Contact: Abstract: Recent HST WFPC images of distant clusters of galaxies have been spectacular, revealing surprisingly complex galaxy morphologies and a much higher interaction and merger rate compared to present-day clusters. Because these images are exclusively of optically-selected clusters, our view of the z ~ 0.5 Universe may be somewhat biased due to the method of cluster selection. We therefore propose to obtain deep images of three equally distant (z=0.55-0.83) X-ray -selected, X-ray-luminous clusters of galaxies to study their galaxy morphologies and merger/interaction rates. We will compare these clusters with low-z clusters of similar X-ray luminosity and with the distant clusters that HST has already observed. Because our 3 targets are >~ 5 times more luminous in X-rays and have much denser intracluster gas than the optically-selected clusters already observed, they are directly comparable to nearby clusters with well-developed intracluster media (ICM). Since ICM evolution plays at least a partial role many models of galaxy evolution, these observations will test those models. Our supplementary ground- based and satellite (ROSAT and ASCA) observations will supply galaxy colors, spectra, velocity dispersions, gas morphology, gas temperatures and metallicities, as well as gas and cluster masses to compare to the HST imaging data. Questions Observing_Description: We will construct a single image of each cluster, at rest- wavelength B. (Moving the rest wavelength to U would substantially reduce the number of galaxies that we will detect, since z=0.8 galaxies are very red in the observers frame.) Minimum time calculations were done for a minimum magnitude of m(B_rest)=25 mag arcsec^-2 and minimum S/N=10 in 1 arcsec^2. This will produce observations similar to those acquired by Dressler et al. with the WFPC2. We used values for sky and color corrections from the WFPC2 instrument handbook, as well as the integral for the individual filters. Sky noise exceeds read noise in exposures far exceeding 10 minutes. Therefore each exposure is the maximum allowed exposure in a given orbit, so that sky background is the most important source of noise. Cluster z BCG r_mag Filter Orbits Exp time MS0451-03 0.55 20.055 F702W 4 10,100 S MS1054-03 0.83 20.710 F814W 6 15,300 S MS1137+66 0.78 21.312 F814W 6 15,600 S The two more distant clusters require about 20% more time for similar limiting magnitude. Each orbit will produce a single image, each can be coadded for each source to remove cosmic ray events. The pointings will be moved an integral number of pixels to facilitate hot pixel and CR removal, and 1/2 integral number of pixels to improve resolution. Real_Time_Justification: CVZ observations of MS1137+66 are possible, however scattered light in the red filter may prevent effective use of CVZ time. We had originally thought that we could use CVZ time, and our time request reflects that. But experienced WFPC personnel have informed us that at least 50% of CVZ would be unusable for red observations because of scattered light, so we would like to request an additional 3 orbits to complete our dataset, or alternatively, restrict observations to times of low-background. MODIFICATION: 3 orbits have been added from the Cycle 6 allocation. No CVZ constraints on this proposal. Calibration_Justification: Additional_Comments: Fixed_Targets Target_Number: 1 Target_Name: MS0451-03 Alternate_Names: Description: CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, High Redshift Cluster (z>0.5) Position: RA=04H 51M 40.5S,DEC=-03D 05' 46",REGION,R=1.5' Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: Z = 0.55 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: SURF(R) = 25 Comments: Please check that the negative declination is converted properly for telescope pointing. If scattered light can be minimized by starting or ending observations at slightly different times, please do it. Target_Number: 2 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Alternate_Names: Description: CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, High Redshift Cluster (z>0.5) Position: RA=10H 54M 26.9S,DEC=-03D 21' 25.3",REGION,R=1' Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: Z=0.83 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: SURF(I) = 25 Comments: Please check that the negative declination is converted properly for telescope pointing. If scattered light can be minimized by starting or ending observations at slightly different times, please do it, observe during low-background times. Target_Number: 3 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Alternate_Names: Description: CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, High Redshift Cluster (z>0.5) Position: RA=11H 37M 36.2S,DEC=66D 24' 56.9",REGION,R=1' Equinox: 1950 RV_or_Z: Z=0.78 RA_PM: Dec_PM: Epoch: Annual_Parallax: Flux: SURF(I) = 25 Comments: If scattered light can be minimized by starting or ending observations at slightly different times, please do it. Solar_System_Targets Generic_Targets Scan_Data Visits Visit_Number: 01 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 315D TO 360D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Most of the galaxies with known redshifts are in the SE quadrant with respect to the nominal cD position. By centering the cD galaxy in WF4 and constraining the orientation angle of WF3 to be either directly East or SE of the center of WF4, we get most of the galaxies in one field of view. Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: MS0451-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: MS0451-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.50,0.50 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: MS0451-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG .25,-.25 Comments: Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: MS0451-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF4 Sp_Element: F702W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.50,-0.50 Comments: Visit_Number: 02 Visit_Requirements: ORIENT 325D TO 35D On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: The galaxies in this cluster are aligned East to West, a strip about 2 arcminutes across. The optimal orientation may be to put the cD galaxy near the intersection of WF3 and WF4 at a U3 orientation of 315D, or near the intersection of WF2 and WF3 with a U3 orientation of 45E, but I worried about the possibility of the cD galaxy falling on the exact intersection. So I hedged my bet by centering the cD in WF3 and allowing the position angle of U3 to vary between +/-35D of North. A 180D change in orientation is allowed here. Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.50,-0.50 Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG 0.50,0.50 Comments: Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -.25,.25 Comments: Exposure_Number: 5 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.50,-0.50 Comments: Exposure_Number: 6 Target_Name: MS1054-03 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2600S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -0.50,0.50 Comments: Visit_Number: 03 Visit_Requirements: On_Hold_Comments: Visit_Comments: Exposure_Number: 1 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2400S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Comments: Exposure_Number: 2 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2400S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Comments: Exposure_Number: 3 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2400S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Comments: Exposure_Number: 4 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2400S Special_Requirements: POS TARG -.25,.25 LOW-SKY Comments: Exposure_Number: 5 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2400S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Comments: Exposure_Number: 6 Target_Name: MS1137+66 Config: WFPC2 Opmode: IMAGE Aperture: WF3 Sp_Element: F814W Wavelength: Optional_Parameters: CR-SPLIT=NO Number_of_Iterations: 1 Time_Per_Exposure: 2400S Special_Requirements: LOW-SKY Comments: Data_Distribution ! 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