! $Id: 5695,v 24.1 1995/01/25 17:14:17 pepsa Exp $ COVERPAGE: TITLE_1: BLACK HOLES AND NUCLEAR DYNAMICS IN A COMPLETE TITLE_2: SAMPLE OF VIRGO ELLIPTICALS - CYCLE 4 SCI_CAT: GALAXIES & CLUSTERS SCI_SUBCAT: NUCLEI/CORES PROPOSAL_FOR: GO/CAR CONT_ID:4772 LARGE_PROJ: ! Is this a Large Project(>60 hrs)? Y or blank KEY_PROJ: ! Is this a Key Project? Y or blank TARG_OF_OPP: ! Any Target of Opportunity exposures? Y or blank REALTIME: ! Are real-time observations involved? Y or blank TIME_CRIT: ! Are observations time-critical? CVZ targets? Y or blank PI_FNAME:Walter ! PI's first name, X20 PI_MI: ! PI's middle initial, X2 PI_LNAME:Jaffe ! PI's last name, X20 PI_INST:6870 PI_COUNTRY:Netherlands PI_PHONE:31-71-275883 HOURS_PRI:3.0 ! Hours of primary exposure time, F3.2 HOURS_PAR:0.0 ! Hours of parallel exposure time, F2.2 NUM_PRI: 2 ! Number of primary targets, I4 NUM_PAR: 0 ! Number of parallel targets, I4 ! Indicate which instruments will be used (enter Y or leave blank/delete): FOS:Y ! Faint Object Spectrograph ! Authorizing Institution Official: OFF_FNAME: ! First name of authorizing official, X20 OFF_LNAME: ! Last name of authorizing official, X20 OFF_TITLE: ! Title of authorizing official, X20 OFF_INST: ! Institution number OFF_ADDR_1: ! Address of authorizing official, X60 OFF_ADDR_2: ! OFF_ADDR_3: ! OFF_CITY: ! X20 OFF_STATE: ! X3 OFF_ZIP: ! X9 OFF_COUNTRY: ! X20 OFF_PHONE: ! Telephone number of authorizing official, X20 ABSTRACT: ! Enter abstract text: use < 80 characters per line LINE_1:In proposal 4772 from (originally) Cycle 1, 3.356 hours remain to LINE_2:be observed, 26.7 percent of the total. We very much wish to complete LINE_3:the proposal. 4472 derives from proposal 2607 : Black Holes, Stellar LINE_4:Dynamics and Population in the Nuclei of a Complete Sample of Virgo LINE_5:Ellipticals. The proposal number was changed for technical reasons LINE_6:after minor changes in the program. The purpose of the program was to LINE_7:obtain PC images and FOS spectral data on twelve bright elliptical LINE_8:galaxies in the Virgo cluster in order to look for black holes and LINE_9:unexpected stellar population in the nuclear region. GENERAL_FORM_PROPOSERS: ! Replicate the section below for each investigator (PI and CoI's): LNAME:Jaffe ! Last name of investigator, X20 FNAME:Walter ! First name of investigator, X20 MI: ! Middle initial of investigator, X2 INST:6870 ! Institution number COUNTRY:Netherlands ! Country, X20 ESA:Y ! Is CoI affiliated with ESA or an LNAME:Ford ! Investigator's last name, X20 FNAME:Holland ! Investigator's first name, X20 MI:C. ! Middle initial of investigator, X2 INST:2380 ! COUNTRY:USA ! Investigator's country, X20 ESA: ! Is investigator affiliated with ESA or an LNAME:O'Connell ! Investigator's last name, X20 FNAME:Robert ! Investigator's first name, X20 MI:W. ! Middle initial of investigator, X2 INST:3730 ! COUNTRY:USA ! Investigator's country, X20 ESA: ! Is investigator affiliated with ESA or an GENERAL_FORM_ADDRESS: ! The PI's address: LNAME:Jaffe ! PI's last name, X20 FNAME:Walter ! PI's first name, X20 CATEGORY: PI ! (do not change this entry!) INST:6870 ! PI's institution code number ADDR_1:Leiden Observatory ! PI's address, X60 ADDR_2:P.B. 9513 ADDR_3: CITY:Leiden ! X30 STATE: ! X3 ZIP:2300 RA ! X9 COUNTRY:Netherlands ! X20 PHONE:31-71-275883 ! PI's telephone number, X20 TELEX:jaffe@strw.leidenuniv.nl GENERAL_FORM_TEXT: QUESTION: 3 ! Description of proposed observations. SECTION: 1 LINE_1:The carry over observations from proposal 4772 involve FOS PRISM LINE_2:spectra of the nuclei of two of the program galaxies for which PC LINE_3:images were taken in Cycle 1. These were intended for investigating the LINE_4:nuclear stellar populations. Analysis of the PC images has in LINE_5:the meantime shown us that several of the program galaxies have LINE_6:extremely bright, thin nuclear disks, with \mu(5550A) <= 14.0 LINE_7:mag/arcsec**2, so that grating spectra of these disks can give LINE_8:estimates of the central masses in much less time than was originally LINE_9:allocated to this program. Mass estimates based on the rotation of LINE_10:cold stellar disks are much more accurate and unambiguous that LINE_11:estimates based on the velocity dispersions in pressure supported LINE_12:elliptical galaxies. In the remaining time we can obtain nuclear LINE_13:rotation curves for one of the program galaxies, NGC 4570 (central LINE_14:brightness 13.8 mag/arcsec**2). At this LINE_15:magnitude, a 15 minutes FOS (Red) G570 exposure through the 0.25" LINE_16:aperture yields 600 counts/pixel, a S/N of 25, and a rotation velocity LINE_17:accuracy of 12 km/s, in the MgI (5183A) line. In comparison the LINE_18:rotation velocity at 0.2" (15 pc at Virgo) from a 10**8 Mo black hole LINE_19:is 200 km/s, and the stellar mass within 0.2" is 10**7 Mo as determined LINE_20:from the PC image. Thus from a rotation curve derived from a series of LINE_21:such exposures along the disk major and minor axis, we should have no LINE_22:trouble detecting (or setting an upper limit on) black holes of mass LINE_23:10**7 Mo. QUESTION: 3 SECTION: 2 LINE_1:To obtain a rotation cure we wish to take a 15 minute exposure at the LINE_2:nucleus, two 15 min exosures displaced 0.25" and 0.5" along the major LINE_3:axis, and one 15 min exposure displaced 0.25" along the minor axis. In LINE_4:practice, the off-nuclear exposures will each be broken into two 7.5 LINE_5:minutes exposures on both sides of the nucleus to allow detection of LINE_6:rotation asymmetries, and to guard against a centering error. The LINE_7:exposure protocol consists of target acquisition (a three stages PeakUp), LINE_8:a 15 min nuclear exposure, two 7.5 minute exposures displaced 0.25" LINE_9:each way along the major axis, two 7.5 minute exposures displaced LINE_10:0.5" each way along the major axis, and two 7.5 minute exposures LINE_11:displaced 0.25" each way along the minor axis QUESTION: 4 ! Justification of need for HST observations. SECTION: 1 LINE_1:The dynamical signature of a nuclear black hole is given by the LINE_2:keplerian rise in the velocity of gas and stars at a radii where LINE_3:the black hole mass is comparable to mass of stars within the same LINE_4:radius. In Virgo ellipticals, a 1" radius LINE_5:contains about 10**9 solar masses. Assuming that the mass density LINE_6:scales as 1/r or 1/r**2, the gravitational effect of a black hole LINE_7:of 10**8 solar masses will dominate at radii small than of order LINE_8:0.1-0.3". Thus HST resolution is necessary to determine whether such LINE_9:black holes exist. QUESTION: 5 ! Description of special scheduling requirements. SECTION: 1 LINE_1:None QUESTION: 6 ! Description of special calibration exposures. SECTION: 1 LINE_1:None QUESTION: 8 ! Additional comments or special requests. SECTION: 1 LINE_1:None QUESTION: 9 ! Description of previous HST work. SECTION: 1 LINE_1:The following is a list of HST program numbers, titles, and present LINE_2:authors involved in each. LINE_3:2607 Black Holes, Stellar Dynamics and Populations in the Nuclei of a LINE_4:Complete Sample of Elliptical Galaxies: Jaffe, Ford, O'Connell. LINE_5:4249 Same title, same authors LINE_6:4772 Same title, same authors LINE_7: LINE_8: LINE_9: LINE_10: LINE_11: LINE_12: LINE_13: LINE_14: LINE_15: LINE_16: LINE_17: LINE_18: LINE_19: LINE_20: LINE_21: LINE_22: LINE_23: QUESTION: 10 ! Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). SECTION: 1 LINE_1: LINE_2: LINE_3: LINE_4: LINE_5: LINE_6: LINE_7: LINE_8: LINE_9: LINE_10: LINE_11: LINE_12: LINE_13: LINE_14: LINE_15: LINE_16: LINE_17: LINE_18: LINE_19: LINE_20: LINE_21: LINE_22: LINE_23: ! This is the end of the General Form FIXED_TARGETS: TARGNUM: 1 NAME_1: NGC4570-NUC DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA=12H 36M 53.34S +/- 0.003S, POS_2: DEC=+07D 14' 46.18" +/- 0.05" EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 1 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 13.82 +/- 0.02 TARGNUM: 2 NAME_1: NGC4570-OFF1 DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA-OFF = +0.00584S +/- 0.002S, POS_2: DEC-OFF = -0.2342" +/- 0.009", POS_3: FROM 1 EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 2 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 14.61 +/- 0.05 COMMENT_1: 0.25" OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS TARGNUM: 3 NAME_1: NGC4570-OFF2 DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA-OFF = +0.01222S +/- 0.004S, POS_2: DEC-OFF = -0.4652" +/- 0.017", POS_3: FROM 1 EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 3 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 15.28 +/- 0.05 COMMENT_1: 0.5" OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS TARGNUM: 4 NAME_1: NGC4570-OFF3 DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA-OFF = -0.00584S +/- 0.002S, POS_2: DEC-OFF = +0.2342" +/- 0.009", POS_3: FROM 1 EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 4 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 14.61 +/- 0.05 COMMENT_1: 0.25" OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS TARGNUM: 5 NAME_1: NGC4570-OFF4 DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA-OFF = -0.01222S +/- 0.004S, POS_2: DEC-OFF = +0.4652" +/- 0.017", POS_3: FROM 1 EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 5 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 15.28 +/- 0.05 COMMENT_1: 0.5" OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS TARGNUM: 6 NAME_1: NGC4570-OFF5 DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA-OFF = +0.01561S +/- 0.002S, POS_2: DEC-OFF = +0.0876" +/- 0.03", POS_3: FROM 1 EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 6 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 15.16 +/- 0.05 COMMENT_1: 0.25" OFFSET ALONG MIN AXIS TARGNUM: 7 NAME_1: NGC4570-OFF6 DESCR_1: E,303 POS_1: RA-OFF = -0.01561S +/- 0.002S, POS_2: DEC-OFF = -0.0876" +/- 0.03", POS_3: FROM 1 EQUINOX: J2000 RV_OR_Z: V=+1730 FLUXNUM_1: 7 FLUXVAL_1: SURF(V) = 15.16 +/- 0.05 COMMENT_1: 0.25" OFFSET ALONG MIN AXIS EXPOSURE_LOGSHEET: LINENUM: 1.0 SEQUENCE_1: DEFINE SEQUENCE_2: FOS TARGNAME: # CONFIG: FOS/RD OPMODE: ACCUM APERTURE: 0.3 SP_ELEMENT: G570H WAVELENGTH: 4580-6818 NUM_EXP: 1 TIME_PER_EXP: 450S S_TO_N: # FLUXNUM_1: # REQ_1: CYCLE 4; LINENUM: 2.0 SEQUENCE_1: DEFINE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ1 TARGNAME: NGC4570-NUC CONFIG: FOS/RD OPMODE: ACQ/PEAK APERTURE: 4.3 SP_ELEMENT: G570H PARAM_1: SCAN-STEP-Y=1.204 PARAM_2: SEARCH-SIZE-X=1 PARAM_3: SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 NUM_EXP: 1 TIME_PER_EXP: 1.5S FLUXNUM_1: # PRIORITY: 1 REQ_1: CYCLE 4; COMMENT_1: MULTIPLE STAGE PEAKUP COMMENT_2: FIRST OF THREE STAGES COMMENT_3: NON CRITICAL PEAKUP LINENUM: 3.0 SEQUENCE_1: DEFINE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ2 TARGNAME: NGC4570-NUC CONFIG: FOS/RD OPMODE: ACQ/PEAK APERTURE: 1.0 SP_ELEMENT: G570H PARAM_1: SCAN-STEP-X=0.602 PARAM_2: SCAN-STEP-Y=0.602 PARAM_3: SEARCH-SIZE-X=6 PARAM_4: SEARCH-SIZE-Y=2 NUM_EXP: 1 TIME_PER_EXP: 1.5S PRIORITY: 1 FLUXNUM_1: # REQ_1: CYCLE 4; COMMENT_1: MULTIPLE STAGE PEAKUP COMMENT_2: SECOND OF THREE STAGES COMMENT_3: NON CRITICAL PEAKUP LINENUM: 4.0 SEQUENCE_1: DEFINE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ3 TARGNAME: NGC4570-NUC CONFIG: FOS/RD OPMODE: ACQ/PEAK APERTURE: 0.3 SP_ELEMENT: G570H PARAM_1: SCAN-STEP-X=0.172 PARAM_2: SCAN-STEP-Y=0.172 PARAM_3: SEARCH-SIZE-X=5 PARAM_4: SEARCH-SIZE-Y=5 NUM_EXP: 1 TIME_PER_EXP: 4.5S FLUXNUM_1: # PRIORITY: 1 REQ_1: CYCLE 4; COMMENT_1: MULTIPLE STAGE PEAKUP COMMENT_2: THIRD OF THREE STAGES COMMENT_3: NON CRITICAL PEAKUP LINENUM: 5.0 SEQUENCE_1: DEFINE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ4 TARGNAME: NGC4570-NUC CONFIG: FOS/RD OPMODE: ACQ/PEAK APERTURE: 0.3 SP_ELEMENT: G570H PARAM_1: SCAN-STEP-X=0.1 PARAM_2: SCAN-STEP-Y=0.1 PARAM_3: SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 PARAM_4: SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 NUM_EXP: 1 TIME_PER_EXP: 15S FLUXNUM_1: # PRIORITY: 1 REQ_1: CYCLE 4; COMMENT_1: MULTIPLE STAGE PEAKUP ON OFFSET STAR COMMENT_2: FOURTH OF FOUR STAGES COMMENT_3: NON CRITICAL PEAKUP LINENUM: 10.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ1 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 FLUXNUM_1: 1 REQ_1: SEQ 10-110 NO GAP; REQ_3: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20; LINENUM: 20.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ2 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 FLUXNUM_1: 1 REQ_1: REQ_2: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 30; LINENUM: 30.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ3 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 FLUXNUM_1: 1 REQ_1: REQ_2: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 40; LINENUM: 40.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE SEQUENCE_2: FOS-ACQ4 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 FLUXNUM_1: 1 REQ_1: REQ_2: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 50-110; LINENUM: 50.0 TARGNAME: WAVE CONFIG: FOS/RD OPMODE: ACCUM APERTURE: 0.3 SP_ELEMENT: G570H NUM_EXP: 1 TIME_PER_EXP: DEF REQ_1: CYCLE 4; COMMENT_1: DO NOT MOVE FILTER GRATING COMMENT_2: WHEEL BETWEEN 50.0 AND 51.0 LINENUM: 51.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-NUC TIME_PER_EXP: X2 S_TO_N: 25 FLUXNUM_1: 1 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: EXPOSURE ON THE NUCLEUS LINENUM: 60.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-OFF1 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 S_TO_N: 12 FLUXNUM_1: 2 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: 0.25 OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS LINENUM: 70.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-OFF2 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 S_TO_N: 9 FLUXNUM_1: 3 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: 0.5 OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS LINENUM: 80.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-OFF3 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 S_TO_N: 12 FLUXNUM_1: 4 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: 0.25 OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS LINENUM: 90.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-OFF4 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 S_TO_N: 9 FLUXNUM_1: 5 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: 0.5 OFFSET ALONG MAJ AXIS LINENUM: 100.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-OFF5 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 S_TO_N: 9 FLUXNUM_1: 6 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: 0.25 OFFSET ALONG MIN AXIS LINENUM: 110.0 SEQUENCE_1: USE FOS TARGNAME: NGC4570-OFF6 TIME_PER_EXP: X1 S_TO_N: 9 FLUXNUM_1: 7 REQ_1: COMMENT_1: 0.25 OFFSET ALONG MIN AXIS