Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5261c Report Date: 09-May-96:20:29 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: REMNANT STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS-AUG - RPT FOR HOPR 138 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS RPT/HSP 3251 Sub Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Robert C. Bless WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF USA (608)262-1715 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The low frequency of occurrence of identified neutron stars located in supernova remnants (SNR's) is an unexplained embarassment to our generally accepted theories of stellar evolution and neutron star formation. We propose to search recent SNR's for any remnant star associated with them, and to study the photometric variability of known examples of neutron stars which are remnants of supernovae. The results will place important constraints on the mechanisms by which neutron stars originate. Revision History: Prepared for augmentation submission--Dolan 5/8/92; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: SUPERNOVA REMNANTS; NEUTRON STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 31.24 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 10 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5261c PI: Robert C. Bless Proposal Title: REMNANT STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS-AUG - RPT FOR HOPR 138 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Robert C. Bless WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF USA Joseph F. Dolan NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT USA CENTER James L. Elliot MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF USA TECHNOLOGY Edward L. Robinson TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF USA Richard L. White SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE G. W. Van Citters NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. Searches for remnant stars at the center of recent SNR's would be conducted by the HSP in conjunction with the WFC and possibly the FOS. A WFC deep image of the SNR in the UV would reveal any suitably placed central images. These images would then be observed serially by the HSP in a wide bandwidth filter and the data analyzed for pulsation by fast Fourier transform methods. Observations in 3 different UV filters would allow the star to be plotted on a color-color diagram. Candidates with a hot color temperature or pulsation could be confirmed by an FOS spectrum. A neutron star spectrum would be expected to be a blue, featureless continuum a la the Crab nebula pulsar, but SS433 has a spectrum dominated by emission lines with relativistic velocity offsets and wavelength variations apparent from day to day. Hence, any candidate with an unusual spectrum would merit further study. Cycle 0 (SV/GTO) Observations: 1H 4M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. (1) remnant stars are known from presently available upper limits on most SNR central stars to be fainter than V = 20; searching for a fainter star requires the limiting magnitude available only on ST. (2) remnant stars are expected to have spectra which peak strongly in the UV. This wavelength region is available for faint objects only on ST. (3) one method of identifying remnant stars searches for their pulsational periods which are expected to be in the sub-second to second range. Freedom from noise induced by atmospheric scintillation makes the HSP the most efficient and sensitive instrument available to detect such periodicities. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Deep images of SNR's in the UV will be analyzed to determine whether any suitably placed central images exist. The HSP photometric observations of these candidates will be analyzed by power spectrum analysis methods to determine if any pulsation exists (as it does in the Crab Nebula and 1E2259+586). Three filter photometry will be analyzed to determine the color temperature of the candidate in a color-color diagram; candidate stars with a hot color temperature will be confirmed by an FOS spectrum. Neutron star spectra are expected to be blue, featureless continua, as in the Crab Nebula, but SS433 has a spectrum dominated by emission lines with relativistic velocity offsets and wavelength variations apparent from day to day. Any candidate with an unusual spectrum will be studied further photometrically. Wide bandwidth photometric observations will be analyzed by power spectrum analysis methods for pulsation in the source. Photometric observations will also be Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. Searching for the remnant stars in supernova remnants is directly related to Scientific Objective 2 specified in the HSP CEI specifications, "searches for optical counterparts to radio pulsars". This program is also related to Scientific Objective 5, "determination of the wavelength and time dependence of polarization in compact binaries, white dwarfs. . . etc.". ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. Recent supernova remnants will be searched for any remnant star associated with them. The photometric variability of neutron stars which are remnant stars of supernova explosions will be monitored. The results will be used to place constraints upon the mechanisms by which neutron stars can originate. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: ROBERT C. BLESS Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN Address: SPACE ASTRONOMY LAB. City: MADISON State: WI Zip Code: 53706 Country: USA Telephone: Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: JOSEPH F. DOLAN Category: CON Institution: NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Address: CODE 681 City: GREENBELT State: MD Zip Code: 20771 Country: USA Telephone: (301)286-5920 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 5261c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SS433 V1343- REMNANT STAR IN SNR RA = 19H 11M 49.5S +/- 0.1S, 2000 1 V=14 AQL DEC = +04D 58' 58" +/- 1" Comments: POSREF = DOLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5261c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.5 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 1M # 1 # ACQP POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.6 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 2M # 1 # ACQ2 UV2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE 10.0 F140LP SAMPLE- 1 20M 1 # PULSE UV2 TIME=0.0000108 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE POL0 # SAMPLE-TIME=0.1 ^ 180S ^ SEQ 3-6 NO GAP POL POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ^ # ^ ^ POL90 # ^ ^ ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ^ # ^ ^ POL45 # ^ ^ ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE POL135 # SAMPLE-TIME=0.1 1 180S 1 # POL POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10.9 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11 ACQ2 0.6S CYCLE 3 / 10.9- 20.8 PCS MODE F / 10.9- 20.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 USE SS433 1 PHASE 0.635 +/- PULSE 0.001 OF REF 12.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.1 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQ2 0.6S 11.2 AFTER 10.9 BY 3.28D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.2 USE ^ ^ PULSE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.3 USE ^ 10 ^ ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQ2 0.6S 11.4 AFTER 10.9 BY 6.56D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.4 USE ^ ^ PULSE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.5 USE ^ 10 ^ ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQ2 0.6S 11.6 AFTER 10.9 BY 9.84D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.6 USE ^ ^ PULSE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5261c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.9 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 12 ACQ2 0.6S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 USE SS433 ^ PHASE 0.000 +/- PULSE 0.001 ZERO-PHASE JD 2443562.27 +/- 0.39D PERIOD 162.532D +/- 0.062D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.05 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQ2 0.6S 12.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.1 USE SS433 1 PHASE 0.131 +/- PULSE 0.001 OF REF 12.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.15 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQ2 0.6S 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.2 USE SS433 1 PHASE 0.311 +/- PULSE 0.001 OF REF 12.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.25 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 13 ACQP 0.6S - 16.02 SEQ 12.25-16.02 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 USE POL SS433 F216M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.1 USE POL SS433 F216M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.2 USE POL SS433 F216M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.3 USE POL SS433 F216M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.4 USE POL SS433 F216M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 ^ ^ F237M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.1 ^ ^ F237M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.2 USE POL SS433 F237M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.3 ^ ^ F237M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.4 ^ ^ F237M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 ^ ^ F277M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5261c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.1 ^ ^ F277M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.2 ^ ^ F277M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.3 ^ ^ F277M ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 USE POL SS433 F327M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.01 USE POL SS433 F327M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.02 USE POL SS433 F327M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.05 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 16.1-16.103 AFTER 15 BY 2.19D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.1 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.1 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.1 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.1 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.111 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 16.112-16.115 AFTER 15 BY 4.38D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.112 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.113 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.114 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.115 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.121 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 16.122-16.125 AFTER 15 BY 6.57D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.122 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.123 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.124 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.125 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5261c [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.131 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 16.132-16.135 AFTER 15 BY 8.76D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.132 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.133 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.134 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.135 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.45 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 16.5-16.8 AFTER 15 BY 27.25D +/- 1.5D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.5 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.6 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.7 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16.8 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.45 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 17.5-17.8 AFTER 15 BY 54.50D +/- 1.5D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.5 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.6 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.7 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.8 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.45 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 18.5-18.8 AFTER 15 BY 81.75D +/- 1.5D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.5 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.6 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.7 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.8 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5261c [ 9] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.45 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 19.5-19.8 AFTER 15 BY 109.00D +/- 1.5D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.5 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.6 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.7 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.8 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.45 USE SS433 10 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 0.6S 20.5-20.8 AFTER 15 BY 136.25D +/- 1.5D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.5 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.6 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.7 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.8 USE POL SS433 F277M 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5261c [ 10] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HSP/POL HSP/UV2 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ SINGLE ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters SAMPLE-TIME=0.0000108 SAMPLE-TIME=0.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for RPT/HSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 31.24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements SEQ 3-6 NO GAP; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11; CYCLE 3 / 10.9-20.8; PCS MODE F / 10.9-20.8; PHASE 0.635 +/- 0.001 OF REF 12.0; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11.2; AFTER 10.9 BY 3.28D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11.4; AFTER 10.9 BY 6.56D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11.6; AFTER 10.9 BY 9.84D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 12; PHASE 0.000 +/- 0.001; ZERO-PHASE JD 2443562.27 +/- 0.39D; PERIOD 162.532D +/- 0.062D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 12.1; PHASE 0.131 +/- 0.001 OF REF 12.0; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 12.2; PHASE 0.311 +/- 0.001 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 13 - 16.02; SEQ 12.25-16.02 NO GAP; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 16.1-16.103; AFTER 15 BY 2.19D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 16.112-16.115; AFTER 15 BY 4.38D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 16.122-16.125; AFTER 15 BY 6.57D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 16.132-16.135; AFTER 15 BY 8.76D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 16.5-16.8; AFTER 15 BY 27.25D +/- 1.5D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 17.5-17.8; AFTER 15 BY 54.50D +/- 1.5D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 18.5-18.8; AFTER 15 BY 81.75D +/- 1.5D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 19.5-19.8; AFTER 15 BY 109.00D +/- 1.5D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20.5-20.8; AFTER 15 BY 136.25D +/- 1.5D; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F140LP # F216M F237M F277M F327M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SS433 V1343-AQL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------