Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5198c Report Date: 09-May-96:20:27 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: THE EVOLUTION OF BORON : IMPLICATIONS FOR GALACTIC EVOLUTION AND COSMOLOGY: PART 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID COOL STARS GO 4510 Sub Category EVOLUTION/COSMOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Dr. Douglas K. Duncan 1710 USA 312-702-8207 ASSOC. PROFESSOR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract We propose to observe boron in late type stars of metallicities ranging from disk to extreme halo and combine this data with our ground-based measurements of Be and Li. The evolution of Li, Be, and B has now been shown to be a powerful descriminant between different models of the chemical and dynamical evolution of the galaxy, and must be added to the evolution of \[Fe/H\] and \[O/H\] as the critical test of such models. Light element production depends on the intensity and shape of the cosmic ray spectrum, which in turn depends on the supernova rate and thus the star formation rate. It also depends on the rise of the (progenitor) CNO abundances, and the decline of the gas mass fraction, which is affected by rates of infall of fresh (unprocessed) material and outflow, e.g. by supernova heating. By concentrating on stars at the transition from old disk to halo and in the halo population we can learn the most about the importance of each of these critcal properties of the early galaxy. Already the first 3 HST observations of B in halo stars CANNOT be matched by existing models of galactic chemical evolution (4). -- In addition, the search for primordial B and Be in the most metal-poor stars is the key for discriminating between standard and inhomogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis models. Some recent evidence hints at inconsistancy in the standard model, and accurate observations of B and Be are critical to test and constrain the various inhomogeneous models. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 22.83 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 9 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5198c PI: Dr. Douglas K. Duncan Proposal Title: THE EVOLUTION OF BORON : IMPLICATIONS FOR GALACTIC EVOLUTION AND COSMOLOGY: PART 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pi Douglas K. Duncan 1710 USA Ann M. Boesgaard UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII/PENN STATE USA UNIVERSITY Constantine P. Deliyannis 2190 USA Lewis M. Hobbs 1716 USA Jeremy R. King 2190 USA Sean G. Ryan 3550 USA/AUSTRAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Justification. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. A single GHRS observation will be made of each star, using the G270M grating centered at 2500A, the wavelength of the B resonance lines. The same techniques (FP-SPLIT, the best vignetting corrections, etc.) used for achieving the highest S/N on weak features which were successfully used to observe the first three halo stars (Duncan, Lambert, and Lemke, CYCLE 1) will be used. The new SSA ACQ/PEAKUP capability is requested for better efficiency. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The only boron lines suitable for late-type stars are in the UV (2500A) and cannot be observed from the ground, or with enough resolution with IUE. [The PI is former GHRS Instrument Scientist.] Count rates are scaled from: Count rates observed (by PI) in HD 140283, a halo star of similar spectral type, observed with exactly the same GHRS setup. Allowance was made for the dependence of the UV flux on the slightly different effective temperatures of our stars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. none. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. An extra comparison or standard star is being requested to aid in the model atmosphere analysis. We have deliberately left 2.17 hours for this, so the RPSS RESOURCE ESTIMATE submitted is LOW. We will request this extra target on a separate "STScI Change Request Form." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Duncan has extensive STSDAS/IRAF experience, and the ability to reduce the data at U.Chicago. Also, he has already done successful specrtum synthesis work, using the latest synthesis program and atmospheres of Kurucz (1991, private communication), essential for determining accurate B abundances. From the analysis of 3 metal-poor stars in Cycle 0, a good line-list and suitable programs are ready and waiting to be applied to the new stars. HOWEVER, the more metal- rich stars are more difficult to analyze, having many, many more lines. We will add one standard star, of very well known composition, to help make an empirical comparison. Considerable time will be required to make a careful anaysis of the data, even though we have the facilities. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. none. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. 2251. Hobbs, PI. "The Properties of Single Interstellar Clouds: Modified Cycle 1 Observations". UNRELATED to this (boron) proposal. 2634. Duncan, PI. "Boron and Be as probes of Cosmic Ray Spallation..." RELATED: The analysis techniques are exactly the same as needed here. 2691. Duncan, PI. "Precision Prallaxes of Cepheids...using WF/PC." UNRELATED to this (boron) proposal. 3472. Hobbs, PI. "The Properties of Single Interstellar Clouds: Cycle 2". UNRELATED to this (boron) proposal. 3482. Vidal-Madjar, PI ; Hobbs, Co-I. "The Nature of the Infalling Material on the Star Beta Pictoris." UNRELATED to this (boron) proposal. 3614. Duncan, PI ; Deliyannis, Co-I. "Boron as a Probe of Stellar Structure and Mass Loss." RELATED: The analysis techniques are exactly the same as needed for the current proposal. The science is different. 3993. Hobbs, PI. "The Properties of Single Interstellar Clouds: Cycle 1, Side 2 Observations". UNRELATED to this (boron) proposal. 2251. First data just received July 1992. 2634. All spectra obtained. Data reduced; B detected, spectrum synthesis done. Results in ApJ (below), much quoted. 2691. Data not yet obtained. 3472. Data not yet obtained. 3482. Data not yet obtained. 3614. First data obtained this week. 3993. First data received in April 1992, currently being analyzed. "The Abundance of Boron in Three Halo Stars", Duncan, Lambert, and Lemke, Ap. J. 401, 584, Dec. 20, 1992. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). Normal office and secretarial support is provided to the PI and Co-Is by their institutions. Sun workstation powerful enough to handle data reduction and the running of theoretical stellar interiors models to track Boron mixing is provided through this grant. Support for hooking up computer equipment is provided by the institutions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: DOUGLAS K. DUNCAN Category: PI Institution: 1710 Address: Dept.of Astron. and Astrophys. 5640 S. Ellis Ave. City: Chicago State: IL Zip Code: 60637 Country: USA Telephone: 312-702-0560 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 5198c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD124897 A,140 RA=14H 15M 39.677S +/- 0.1S, 2000 1 V=-0.04,B-V=1.23,TYPE=K1III (ARCTURUS) DEC=+19D 10' 56.7" +/- 1.0" Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) J 2000.00 -0.0771 +/- 0.0030 -1.9980 +/- 0.0030 0.0000 +/- 0.0100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HD103095 A,137,911 RA=11H 52M 58.767S +/- 0.1S, 2000 1 V=6.45,B-V=0.75,TYPE=SDG DEC=+37D 43' 07.35" +/- 1.0" Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) J 2000.00 -0.0771 +/- 0.0050 -5.8130 +/- 0.0050 0.0100 +/- 0.0100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5198c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD124897 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 BRIGHT=RETURN 1 1.8S 25 1 1 CYCLE 3 / 9.0-9.3 .2S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 9.1 Comments: STEP-TIME=0.2S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.1 HD124897 HRS ACQ/ 0.25 MIRROR-A2 SEARCH-SIZE=5 1 50S 25 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR PEAKUP 2.0S 9.2-9.3 Comments: STEP-TIME=2.0S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.2 HD124897 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2498 STEP-PATT=5 7 440S 90 1 1 FP-SPLIT=STD 24M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.3 HD124897 HRS ACCUM 2.0 ECH-B 3130 STEP-PATT=7 1 390S 150 1 1 FP-SPLIT=STD 5M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5198c [ 6] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACQ/PEAKUP ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BRIGHT=RETURN SEARCH-SIZE=5 STEP-PATT=5 FP-SPLIT=STD STEP-PATT=7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 22.83 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category COOL STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category EVOLUTION/COSMOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 3 / 9.0-9.3; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 9.1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 9.2-9.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR-A2 G270M ECH-B ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD124897 (ARCTURUS) HD103095 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------