Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 4668c Report Date: 09-May-96:19:46 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: FOS SPECTROSCOPY OF N1052 AND N4258: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINERS AND SEYFERTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GO Sub Category OTHER ACTIVE NUCLEI ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Holland C Ford 2380 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The relationship between Liners and Seyferts is poorly understood. We do not know if Liners are powered by nuclear black holes, and if the nuclei are sometimes hidden by obscuring tori or disks of cold gas and dust. Put another way, we do not know how Liners fit into the AGN paradigm. A combination of HST images, ground-based spectroscopy, and VLA images suggest that at least three Liners do fit the paradigm. One of these, M51, is well described as a miniature -Seyfert 2 galaxy. We hypothesize that all Liners are miniature Seyferts (though with interesting differences in detail), and propose to test this hypothesis by obtaining FOS spectra of two additional Liners, NGC 1052 and NGC 4258.Small aperture FOS spectra of the high contrast, stellar emission line nuclei seen in our HST images will allow us to determine if the nuclei harbor a hidden broad-line source and a power-law source of continuum radiation which ionizes the gas near the nucleus. Detection of broad- lines in Lyman alpha, CIV, or halpha, either directly or from scattered light, will be strong evidence for a black hole. Because of dilution by the starlight in the parent galaxy, neither IUE nor ground-based observations can cleanly isolate these faint, high contrast nuclei. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 8.87 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 2 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 4668c PI: Holland C Ford Proposal Title: FOS SPECTROSCOPY OF N1052 AND N4258: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINERS AND SEYFERTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pi Holland C Ford 2380 USA Ian Evans STSCI USA Anne Kinney STSCI USA Gerald Kriss JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY USA Zlatan Tsvetanov JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. We will do an FOS binary acquisition of a nearby bright seen in WF images we have already taken. We will follow this with an FOS peak-up acquisition through the 0.3'' aperture. We then will offset to the nucleus, using offsets measured from our WF and PC broadband and narrow band images of the galaxies. After offsetting, we will take FOS spectra of the nuclei using G130H, G190H, G270H, G400H, and G570H. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The first phase of this program, HST broad band and narrow band imaging, already been done. We also have high quality KPNO 4-m [OIII] and H_alpha images and spectra of NGC 4258. These images and spectra do not reveal the faint, but high contrast emission line nucleus which we propose to observe here. HST images and small aperture spectra of high contrast features yield spatial and spatial- spectral information which cannot be obtained from the ground. Empirical evidence for this is the many discoveries of sub-arc second features in HST images which had not been seen from the ground. These discoveries are a consequence of the fact that the diffraction-limited core of the PSF, though reduced in amplitude by a factor of 5 to 6 from what it should have been, encodes spatial information with significant power in the MTF up tofrequencies of ~ 12 cycles/arcsecond (White, 1991). When the contrast is high, as in the nuclei considered here, the nucleus can be imaged, and a small aperture can be used to exclude light from the surrounding galaxy which dilutes ground-based spectra. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. The FOS IDT GTO Science Assessment Observations, and Cycle 0 and 1 observations of NGC 1068 serve as our point of comparison for estimating exposure times for the UV and red spectra of the nucleus and the nuclear emission-line clouds. From the NGC 1068 spectra, for Cloud C (Evans et al 1991) exposures of 1500S and 1000S using G130H and G190H yield a S/N ratio of approx. 5 in the continuum, and a broad component on C IV 1549 is detected at a confidence level of > 5 sigma. Exposures of 700S, 600S, and 600S through G270H, G400H, and G570H typically give a S/N of 10 in the continuum. With these exposures as a fiducial, we estimated the net [O III], H-alpha, and continuum fluxes which would be measured through the 0.3" FOS aperture from existing Cycle 0 images of the objects, and scaled the FOS exposure times accordingly to yield a minimum S/N of approximately 5 in the continuum for both the UV and red spectra. We have also used ground based and IUE spectra to estimate the monochromatic line fluxes as a cross check to determine the exposure times. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. We have no special calibration requirements. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. We will use IRAF and STSDAS routines to measure the wavelengths, line widths, and line fluxes. The emission line spectra will be modeled with the ionization cods CLOUDY and MAPPING. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. We do not have any additional requests. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. For a description of previous HST programs and list of publications please consult our Phase I proposal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). The data will be analyzed on the JHU FOS cluster of Sun workstations. The communications network within the cluster and the connection to other networks is provided by the JHU Department of Physics and Astronomy. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: HOLLAND C FORD Category: PI Institution: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY Address: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY HOMEWOOD CAMPUS City: BALTIMORE State: MD Zip Code: 21218 Country: USA Telephone: 516-8653/338-4803 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 4668c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052- A,140 PLATE-ID=00DW, 2000 1 V=15.29 OFFSET RA = 2H 41M 3.46S +/- 0.3", 1 B-V=0.3 DEC = -8D 16' 36.3" +/- 0.3" Comments: THIS IS THE GSC MAG. B-V ESTIMATED FROM GROUND-BASED CCD IMAGES. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC1052-NUC E,317 RA-OFF = 1.2415S +/- 0.004S, 2000 V=1507 1 F(5470)=4.0 +/- 0.2 E-16 DEC-OFF = +75.558" +/- 0.02", FROM 1 Comments: THIS IS THE 0.5" CONTINUUM FLUX CALCULATED FROM OUR F547M PC IMAGE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NGC4258- A,140 PLATE-ID=024D, 2000 1 V=15.15 OFFSET RA = 12H 18M 47.43S +/- 1.2", DEC = +47D 18' 21.0" +/- 1.2" Comments: THIS IS THE GSC MAG. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 NGC4258-NUC E,317 RA-OFF = 10.0765S +/- 2000 V=448 1 F(5470)=5.82 +/- 0.2 E-15 0.004S, DEC-OFF = -6.376" +/- 0.02", FROM 3 Comments: THIS IS THE 0.5" CONTINUUM FLUX CALCULATED FROM OUR F547M PC IMAGE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4668c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.1 NGC1052- FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR 1 11.64S 1 CYCLE 3 OFFSET BINARY ONBOARD ACQ FOR 1.11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.11 NGC1052- FOS/RD ACQ/ 0.5 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 1 10S 1 CYCLE 3 OFFSET PEAK SCAN-STEP- ONBOARD ACQ FOR X=0.15 1.200 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 SCAN-STEP- Y=0.15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.2 NGC1052-NUC FOS/RD ACQ/ 0.3 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 1 60S 1 CYCLE 3 PEAK SCAN-STEP- ONBOARD ACQ FOR X=0.12 1.300-1.7 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 GROUP 1.3-1.8 NO SCAN-STEP- GAP Y=0.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.3 NGC1052-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G190H 1 4020S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.4 NGC1052-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G270H 1 1500S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.5 NGC1052-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G400H 1 1200S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.6 NGC1052-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G570H 1 1200S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.7 NGC1052-NUC FOS/BL ACQ/ 0.3 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 1 120S 1 CYCLE 3 PEAK SCAN-STEP- ONBOARD ACQ FOR X=0.12 1.8 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 SCAN-STEP- Y=0.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.8 NGC1052-NUC FOS/BL ACCUM 0.3 G130H 1 7560S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.1 NGC4258- FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=1 1 1.0S 1 CYCLE 3 OFFSET PEAK SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 ONBOARD ACQ FOR SCAN-STEP-Y=1.4 2.101 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.1 NGC4258- FOS/RD ACQ/ 1.0 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=6 1 1.5S 1 CYCLE 3 OFFSET PEAK SEARCH-SIZE-Y=2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR SCAN-STEP-X=0.7 2.11 SCAN-STEP-Y=0.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.11 NGC4258- FOS/RD ACQ/ 0.5 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 1 10S 1 CYCLE 3 OFFSET PEAK SCAN-STEP- ONBOARD ACQ FOR X=0.15 2.200 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 SCAN-STEP- Y=0.15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4668c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.2 NGC4258-NUC FOS/RD ACQ/ 0.3 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 1 60S 1 CYCLE 3 PEAK SCAN-STEP- ONBOARD ACQ FOR X=0.12 2.300-2.7 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 GROUP 2.3-2.8 NO SCAN-STEP- GAP Y=0.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.3 NGC4258-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G190H 1 4020S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.4 NGC4258-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G270H 1 1500S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.5 NGC4258-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G400H 1 1200S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.6 NGC4258-NUC FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G570H 1 1200S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.7 NGC4258-NUC FOS/BL ACQ/ 0.3 MIRROR SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 1 120S 1 CYCLE 3 PEAK SCAN-STEP- ONBOARD ACQ FOR X=0.12 2.8 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 SCAN-STEP- Y=0.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.8 NGC4258-NUC FOS/BL ACCUM 0.3 G130H 1 7560S 1 CYCLE 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 4668c [ 7] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations FOS/RD FOS/BL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/BINARY ACQ/PEAK ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters SEARCH-SIZE-X=3 SCAN-STEP-X=0.15 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=3 SCAN-STEP-Y=0.15 SCAN-STEP-X=0.12 SCAN-STEP-Y=0.12 SEARCH-SIZE-X=1 SCAN-STEP-Y=1.4 SEARCH-SIZE-X=6 SEARCH-SIZE-Y=2 SCAN-STEP-X=0.7 SCAN-STEP-Y=0.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 8.87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category OTHER ACTIVE NUCLEI ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 3; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 1.11 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 1.200 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 1.300-1.7; GROUP 1.3-1.8 NO GAP CYCLE 3 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 1.8 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2.101 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2.11 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2.200 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2.300-2.7; GROUP 2.3-2.8 NO GAP ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR G190H G270H G400H G570H G130H ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC1052-OFFSET NGC1052-NUC NGC4258-OFFSET NGC4258-NUC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------