Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 4249c Report Date: 09-May-96:19:29 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: BLACK HOLES, STELLAR DYNAMICS AND POPULATIONS IN THE NUCLEI OF A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES - CONT OF 2607 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID GALAXIES & CLUSTERS GO 2 Long Term yrs 2607 Sub Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Dr. Walter Jaffe LEIDEN UNIVERSITY NETHERLAND 011-3171-27588 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract We will determine the prevalence of massive black holes in a complete sample of bright Virgo ellipticals using FOS spectra and WFPC surface photometry. We will correlate the dynamical evidence for massive black holes with indicators of nuclear activity (radio and optical emission, and star formation). Additionally, we will use our data to study the stellar dynamics and demography of the 'cores' of these elliptical galaxies. Our observations will establish the fundamental properties of the nuclear regions: photometric profiles, rotation and dispersion velocities, and spectroscopic metallicity indicies. FOC-UV images will reveal the presence of young stars and/or nonthermal emission. We will determine black hole masses by comparing the predictions of self-consistent dynamical models of the core to the observed surface photometry and kinematics. We wil model the stellar populations by comparing the observed metallicities and spectral energy distributions to synthetic spectra constructed from stellar libraries. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: MASSIVE BLACK HOLES; GALACTIC NUCLEI; STELLAR DYNAMICS, STELLAR POPULATIONS, ACTIVITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 23.70 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 11 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS FOC WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 4249c PI: Dr. Walter Jaffe Proposal Title: BLACK HOLES, STELLAR DYNAMICS AND POPULATIONS IN THE NUCLEI OF A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES - CONT OF 2607 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ P.I. Walter Jaffe LEIDEN UNIVERSITY NETHERLANDS X Robert W. O'Connell VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF USA H. C. Ford JHU AND STSCI USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. WE WISH TO MEASURE THE MASS OF A CENTRAL BODY EXCLUDING EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ANISOTROPIES, NON- SPHERICAL SYMMETRY, NONSTELLAR EMISSION, INDIVIDUAL STARS, AND SO FORTH. WE PLAN TO MAKE 9 FOS G570 EXPOSURES OF EACH GALAXY: ONE ON THE NUCLEUS, FOUR AT A RADIUS OF 0.25 ARCSEC, AND FOUR AT A RADIUS OF 0.50 ARCSEC. THE FIVE INNER EXPOSURES WILL USE THE 0.25 ARCSEC APERTURE. THE FOUR OUTER ONES WILL USE A 0.50 ARCSEC APERTURE AND PROVIDE AN EXTRA-NUCLEAR BASELINE. VELOCITY DISPERSIONS WILL BE MEASURED FROM THE STRONG METALLIC ABSORPTION FEATURES IN THE G570 REGION, INCLUDING MG I AND NA I. THE OFF-NUCLEAR SPECTRA WILL BE ARRANGED ON A CROSS. FOS RED PRISM SPECTRA COVERING 2000-8000 A WILL PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE TEMPERATURE AND METALLICITY OF THE STELLAR POPULATION AND THEIR GRADIENTS. IMAGES WILL BE TAKEN FOR ACCURATE POSITIONING (WF), THE NUCLEAR BRIGHTNESS GRADIENT AT V (PC), AND FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NONTHERMAL NUCLEI OR HOT OB STARS (FOC WITH F220W FILTER). TEMPLATE STARS WILL BE OBSERVED WITH THE FOS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE SPECTRAL POINT SPREAD FUNCTION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. THE HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF HST IS CRUCIAL IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE LIGHT DISTRIBUTION AND THE VELOCITY DISPERSION AS NEAR TO THE PUTATIVE BLACK HOLES AS POSSIBLE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. THE TOTAL EXPOSURE TIME IS DOMINATED BY THE FOS SPECTRA. TIMES WERE CALCULATED BY COMBINING LAUER'S BRIGHTNESS PROFILES WITH THE FOS SIMULATOR. USING FOURIER DISPERSION MEASURING TECHNIQUES WE ESTIMATE THAT WE NEED 200 PHOTONS/ANGSTROM TO ACHIEVE A DISPERSION ACCURACY OF 15 KM/SEC. THIS WILL ENABLE US TO DETECT BLACK HOLES WITH MASSES LESS THAN 1.5E8 M(SUN). THE INDICATED EXPOSURE TIMES ARE 3.3 HOURS ON THE NUCLEUS; THE TOTAL OFF- NUCLEAR EXPOSURE WILL BE THE SAME BUT BROKEN INTO FOUR PIECES AT 90D SEPARATED POSITION ANGLES TO YIELD A SIMILAR S/N BUT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON ROTATION OR ASYMMETRIES. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. WE EXPECT THE FOS TO HAVE AN INTERNAL WAVELENGTH STABILITY OF BETTER THAN 0.1 DIODES OVER SEVERAL ORBITS AFTER INITIAL WARMUP. IF STABILITY IS NOT THIS GOOD, WE REQUIRE A CALIBRATION LAMP SPECTRUM BE TAKEN SUFFICIENTLY OFTEN TO INSURE THIS LEVEL OF ACCURACY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. PRELIMINARY REDUCTION WILL BE DONE WITH SDAS AND IRAF AT STSCI. JAFFE HAS WRITTEN A FOURIER TRANSFORM VELOCITY DISPERION PROGRAM WHICH WORKS WITHIN SDAS. DYNAMICAL MODELS WILL BE MADE OF THE GALAXIES USING THE SURFACE PHOTOMETRY AND DISPERSION MEASURES. SPECTRAL SYNTHESIS WILL BE PERFORMED USING PROGRAMS AND DATA BASES DEVELOPED BY O'CONNELL. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. A PROGRAM TO OBTAIN MULTICOLOR IMAGES AND LONG SLIT SPECTRA OF OUR GALAXIES USING THE HERSCHEL TELESCOPE ON LA PALMA IS UNDER WAY. TWO GALAXIES (N4476 AND 4621) HAVE SCHEDULED GTO F555W PC IMAGES. WE WILL USE THE GTO FRAMES FOR THESE WHEN THEY BECOME PUBLIC. F4406 AND 4374 HAVE SCHEDULED GTO FOC FRAMES WHICH WILL YIELD 20 TIMES FEWER ELECTRONS PER PIXEL THAN OUR PROPOSED PC EXPOSURES. WE WISH TO RETAIN OUR PC EXPOSURES OF THESE. SOME OBJECTS HAVE UNPROTECTED CONDITIONAL EXPOSURES LISTED IN THE GTO PROGRAMS. THERE APPEARS TO BE LITTLE LIKELIHOOD THAT THESE WILL BE ACTUALLY BE MADE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. NONE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). SALARY AND TRAVEL SUPPORT FOR JAFFE WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN. JAFFE WILL BE ASSISTED BY A GRADUATE STUDENT. JAFFE, FORD AND O'CONNELL HAVE REQUISITE COMPUTER RESOURCES, INCLUDING IVAS IMAGE DISPLAYS AND IRAF OR IDL IMAGE ANALYSIS PACKAGES, AVAILABLE AT THEIR INSTITUTIONS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: WALTER JAFFE Category: PI Institution: LEIDEN UNIVERSITY Address: P.O. BOX 9513 City: LEIDEN 2300 RA State: Zip Code: Country: NETHERLANDS Telephone: Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 4249c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC4342 IC E,303 RA = 12H 23M 39.035S +/- 2000.0 V = 714 1 SURF(V) = 15.8 +/- 0.3 3256 0.3", DEC = +07D 03' 13.0" +/- 0.3" Comments: THE POSITION IS FROM GSSS GASP. PLACE GALAXY NUCLEUS AT DEFAULT PC POSITION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC4623 E,303 RA = 12H 42M 10.606S +/- 2000.0 1 SURF(V) = 16.0 +/- 0.3 0.3", DEC = +7D 40' 35.96" +/- 0.3" Comments: THE POSITION IS FROM GSSS GASP. PLACE GALAXY NUCLEUS AT DEFAULT PC POSITION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4249c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 DEFINE # PC IMAGE P6 F555W 5555 READ=YES 1 42M # 1 1 CYCLE 1 PCEXP CR-SPLIT=0.286 PRE-FLASH=YES Comments: PC SCIENCE EXPOSURE OF NUCLEUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 USE NGC4342 64 PCS MODE C PCEXP Comments: EXECUTE IN COARSE TRACK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 USE NGC4623 64 PCS MODE F PCEXP Comments: EXECUTE IN FINE LOCK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 4249c [ 6] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters READ CR-SPLIT PRE-FLASH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 23.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category GALAXIES & CLUSTERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 1 PCS MODE C; PCS MODE F; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F555W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC4342 IC 3256 NGC4623 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------