Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 4177c Report Date: 09-May-96:19:23 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN LOW Z ABSORPTION LINE SYSTEMS IN QSOS: FUTURE OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GTO/HRS 1191 Sub Category QUASAR ABSORPTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Edward Beaver UC, SAN DIEGO USA (619) 534-1878 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract In PKS 0735+178, we will observe the Ly-alpha region with the FOS and shorter wavelengths with the HRS. The primary goal will be to measure abundances relative to H I of low ionization ions measured in the optical and in the Ly-alpha exposure. An image should show the absorbing object, indicating where in the ISM of the absorber the measured abundances occur. These observations will allow comparison with higher redshift QSO absorption line systems and with absorption from galaxy halos, the leading candidate for the site of such absorption. In PG 1630+377, we will use the HRS to measure lines of He I at 584A, and we will use the FOS (in a different proposal) to measure associated Ly-alpha and Ly-beta lines. The relative abundance of He I determined this way should yield clues to the conditions in the Lyman-alpha forest clouds and the IGM at high redshift. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: QUASAR, SPECTROSCOPY, ABSORPTION LINES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 7.48 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 2 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 4177c PI: Edward Beaver Proposal Title: PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN LOW Z ABSORPTION LINE SYSTEMS IN QSOS: FUTURE OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Ross D. Cohen UC, SAN DIEGO USA Pi Edward A. Beaver UC, SAN DIEGO USA Harding E. Smith UC, SAN DIEGO USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. PKS 0735+178: Following target acquisition, a 3340S exposure will be made with the GHRS and G140L in the large aperture. The target acq. will be done in three steps. First a spiral search with return to the brightest point, then an acq/peak to improve the centering in the 2.0" aperture, and last an image to check on the centering. An FOS observation will also be made. Following a binary search target acquisition in the 4.3" aperture with the FOS red detector, a peak- up will be used to center the object in the 0.25X2.0 slit. After this a 2420S RAPID mode observation with G190H will be made. The spectroscopic observations are marked REQ UPDATE, because optical observations may show that the object is too faint to observe. The WFC will be used for a 1200s F725LP exposure (or whatever similar filter is available after the installation of WF/PC II. PG1630+377: Following target acquisition, a 6300S exposure will be made with the GHRS and G140L in the large aperture. The target acquisition will be done in three steps. First a spiral search with return to the brightest point, then an acq/peak to improve the centering in the 2.0" aperture, and last an image to check on the centering. The spectroscopic observation will be split into a number of parts to help remove the effects of image motion. This proposal should run after the HRS side 1 is returned to service. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The collecting area of HST and the sensitivity of the FOS and GHRS make it possible to obtain spectra with the signal to noise needed to carry out these studies of QSOs at wavelengths below the atmospheric cutoff. The He lines cannot be studied in the optical. Some of the lines on PKS 0735 could be observed in the optical in high redshift systems in other objects, but they would be confused with lines in the heavily populated Lyman-alpha forest. Additionally, we can compare the UV absorption to optical absorption lines which would not be seen in high redshift systems. The HST image is required to show the absorbing object which would be hidden under the quasar point spread function in the optical image. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. Because PKS0735+178 is variable, we must check that it is bright enough (with optical observations) prior to sceduling. The HRS target acquisitions for both objects must be done in DARK time because of the relative brightness of geocoronal Lyman-alpha. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. Individual wavelength calibrations for the HRS observations are required to reduce the errors for intercomparison of absorption line profiles between different grating settings and between HRS and ground based data. The HRS target acquisitions for both objects must be done in DARK time because of the relative brightness of geocoronal Lyman-alpha. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. These observations will be reduced using the standard spectroscopy reduction software available for FOS and HRS data. Calibration will be done using the results of SV observations. The absorption features in QSO spectra will be measured using existing software that has been used for optical data and the early HST spectra. Unidentified lines below Ly-alpha emission are candidate Ly- alpha forest lines and will contribute to studies of the evolution of these absorbers. The He I and metal line systems will be studied by using curves of growth to obtain estimates and limits to column densities. The quasar image will be subtracted from the WFC images using existing software. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. PI has received data from a number of GTO programs, SAT, and ERO programs. Related programs which have had observations are as follows: 1026 - ``UV Spectra of Low-Redshift-QSOs'': related, 1027 - ``UV Spectra of QSOs with z> 3.1'': not related, 1190 - ``FUV Emission LIne Profiles of W Serpentis Binaries'': not related Observations of UM 675 have shown that any He I Gunn--Peterson effect is small, that He I absorption lines are not strong, that predictions of the ``Lyman valley'' may be correct, and that low redshift Ly-alpha is more prevalent than expected. Observations of low redshift QSOs (including 3C 273) have shown even more clearly that Ly-alpha absorption occurs in greater numbers than expected, as well as showing emission--line profile differences more clearly than from earlier data. Unexpectedly, Ly-alpha is {\it narrower} than H-alpha. ``Far--Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Quasar UM 675 with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope'', E.A.Beaver, E.M.Burbidge, R.D.Cohen, V.T.Junkkarinen, R.W.Lyons, E.I.Rosenblatt, G.F.Hartig, B.Margon, and A.F.Davidsen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L1, 1991. ``First Results from the GHRS: UV Spectra of a Starburst Knot in NGCC 1068'', Hutchings, J.B., Bruhweiler, G.C., Boggess, A., Heap, S.R., Ebbets, D.C., Beaver, E., Rosenblatt, E., Truonmg, K.Q., Perez, M., and Westmacott, R., 1991, APJ (Letters), 377, 1991. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). The majority of the resources required for this project other than the normal facilities of a university (librarys, offices, etc.) were supplied by NASA to the members of the GHRS IDT for these projects. These include all the computing facilities required for the completion of data reduction and analysis. Optical and IR ground--based observing facilities and support are provided by the University of California. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: ROSS COHEN Category: CON Institution: UNIV. OF CALIF., SAN DIEGO Address: CASS 0111 UCSD 9500 Gilman Drive City: LA JOLLA State: CA Zip Code: 920930111 Country: USA Telephone: (619) 534-2664 Telex (or e-mail): 534-6316 (FAX) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: EDWARD BEAVER Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIE Address: CASS 0111 UCSD 9500 Gilman Drive City: LA JOLLA State: CA Zip Code: 920930111 Country: USA Telephone: (619) 534-1878 Telex (or e-mail): 534-6316 (FAX) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 4177c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PKS0735+178 E,316,H,515,519 RA = 07H 38M 7.376S +/- 2000 1 V = 16.5 +/- 2.0 GSC-I 1365 0.3", 2 F(1600) = 1.0 +/- 1.0 E-14 1765 DEC = 17D 42' 18.64" +/- .3", PLATE-ID = 01LS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 PG1630+377 E,313,321, RA = 16H 32M 1.171S +/- 2000 Z=1.471 1 V = 15.96+/- 1.0 H,515,519 0.2", 2 F(1500) = 3.0 +/- 1.0 E-15 DEC = 37D 37' 48.69" +/- 3 F(1900) = 2.0 +/- 1.0 E-14 0.2", PLATE-ID = 01RW ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4177c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.75 PKS0735+178 WFC IMAGE ANY F725LP 1 1200S 1 1 CYCLE 9/2.75-4.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PKS0735+178 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 BRIGHT=RETURN 1 2.34S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR LOCATE=YES 3.1 SEQ 3.0-4.0 NO GAP CYCLE 9/3.0-4.0 DARK TIME Comments: USED 0.26 SEC STEP-TIMES. DARK TIME REQ'D DUE TO REL BRIGHTNESS OF GEOCORONAL BKGRND WRT THE QSO. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.1 PKS0735+178 HRS ACQ/ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 1 26.52S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR PEAKUP 3.2 Comments: USED 0.26 SEC STEP-TIMES. THIS ACQ REFINES THE CENTERING AFTER B-FIELD INDUCED SHIFTS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.2 PKS0735+178 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 SEARCH-SIZE=1 1 33.54S 2 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR MAP=END-POINT 3.5-4.0 LOCATE=NO FAINT=0 Comments: TAKE MAP AFTER CENTERING OBJ USED 1.73S SEC STEP-TIME. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.5 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G140L 1431.83 1 2S 1 CALIB FOR 4 NO SLEW Comments: THE OBJECT IS TOO FAINT FOR STANDARD Y-BALANCE. THIS WAVE IS FOR WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION OF 4.00. THE Y-BALANCE FOR 4.00 SHOULD BE DONE FROM A WAVELENGTH LAMP ALSO. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PKS0735+178 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1431.83 STEP-PATT=5 1 3340S 20 2 1 Comments: EXPOSURE TIME MAY BE VARIED OR EXPOSURE CANCELED OR POSTPONED DEPENDING ON THE RESULTS OF OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 PKS0735+178 FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=375000 1 5S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 11.5 CYCLE 9/11-12.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.5 PKS0735+178 FOS/RD ACQ/ 0.25X2. MIRROR TYPE=UP 1 5S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR PEAK 0 12.0 SPATIAL SCAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 PKS0735+178 FOS/RD RAPID 0.25X2. G190H 1900 READ-TIME=40 1 2420S 10 2 1 SEQ 11-12 NO GAP 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4177c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 PG1630+377 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 BRIGHT=RETURN 1 2.34S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR LOCATE=YES 41.1 SEQ 41.0-41.8 NO GAP CYCLE 9/41-41.8 DARK TIME Comments: USED 0.26 SEC STEP-TIMES. DARK TIME REQ'D DUE TO REL BRIGHTNESS OF GEOCORONAL BKGRND WRT THE QSO. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.1 PG1630+377 HRS ACQ/ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 1 26.52S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR PEAKUP 41.2 Comments: USED 0.26 SEC STEP-TIMES. THIS ACQ REFINES THE CENTERING AFTER B-FIELD INDUCED SHIFTS. NO GAP 41.5-41.8 TO PREVENT LARGE TIME INTERVALS BETWEEN EXPS WHICH MAY YIELD LARGE B-FIELD INDUCED SHIFTS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.2 PG1630+377 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 SEARCH-SIZE=1 1 33.54S 2 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR MAP=END-POINT 41.5 LOCATE=NO FAINT=0 Comments: TAKE MAP AFTER CENTERING OBJ USED 1.73S SEC STEP-TIME. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.5 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G140L 1317 1 30S 1 CALIB FOR 41.6 NO SLEW NON-INT / 41.5- 41.6 Comments: NON-INT 41.5-41.6 TO OBTAIN AN ABS WAVELENGTH CALIB W/O DRIFT. THE Y-BAL FOR 41.600 SHOULD BE DONE FROM A WAVELENGTH LAMP PRIOR TO LINE 41.5. DO NOT INSERT A SPYBAL AND MOVE CAROUSEL BETWEEN LINES 41.5 AND 41.65. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.6 PG1630+377 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1317 STEP-PATT=5 2 300S 10 2 1 Comments: OBS WAS LINKED TO 41.500 NON- INT TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE WAVECAL W/ MINIMAL B-FIELD INDUCED DRIFT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.65 PG1630+377 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1317 STEP-PATT=5 6 300S 10 2 1 Comments: OBS WAS DIVIDED INTO MANY PARTS TO HELP REMOVE B-FIELD INDUCED SHIFTS AND TO PREVENT TOTAL DATA LOSS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4177c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.7 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G140L 1317 1 30S 1 CALIB FOR 41.75 NO SLEW NON-INT / 41.7- 41.75 Comments: THIS WAVE IS FOR WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION OF 41.750. THE Y- BAL FOR 41.75 SHOULD BE DONE FROM A WAVE LAMP BETWEEN LINES 41.65 AND 41.7. DO NOT INSERT A SPYBAL AND MOVE CAROUSEL BETWEEN LINES 41.7 AND 41.8. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.75 PG1630+377 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1317 STEP-PATT=5 1 300S 10 2 1 Comments: OBS WAS LINKED TO 41.700 NON- INT TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE WAVECAL W/ MINIMAL B-FIELD INDUCED DRIFT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.8 PG1630+377 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1317 STEP-PATT=5 12 300S 10 2 1 Comments: OBS WAS DIVIDED INTO MANY PARTS TO HELP REMOVE B-FIELD INDUCED SHIFTS AND TO PREVENT TOTAL DATA LOSS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scan Paramters Form Proposal ID: 4177c [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Data ID: 1 Exposure Logsheet lines: 11.5 FGS Scan: DWELL Dwell Only: dwell points/line: 7 Seconds per dwell: 0.00 Scan width (arc-secs): 0.0000 Scan length (arc-secs): 0.4000 Angle between sides (degrees) 0.00 Number of lines: 1 Scan rate (arc-sec/sec): 0.0000 PA of first scan line (degrees) 90.000 Scan frame (CEL or S/C): S/C Length Offset (arc-sec): 0.2000 Width Offset (arc-sec): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 4177c [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC HRS FOS/RD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ACQ ACQ/PEAKUP ACCUM ACQ/BINARY ACQ/PEAK RAPID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BRIGHT LOCATE=YES SEARCH-SIZE MAP LOCATE FAINT STEP-PATT=5 BRIGHT=375000 TYPE READ-TIME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 7.48 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category QUASAR ABSORPTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 9/2.75-4.0 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.1; SEQ 3.0-4.0 NO GAP; CYCLE 9/3.0-4.0; DARK TIME ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.2; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.5-4.0; CALIB FOR 4 NO SLEW ONBOARD ACQ FOR 11.5; CYCLE 9/11-12.0 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 12.0; SPATIAL SCAN SEQ 11-12 NO GAP; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 41.1; SEQ 41.0-41.8 NO GAP; CYCLE 9/41-41.8; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 41.2; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 41.5; CALIB FOR 41.6 NO SLEW; NON-INT / 41.5-41.6 CALIB FOR 41.75 NO SLEW; NON-INT / 41.7-41.75; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F725LP MIRROR-N2 G140L MIRROR G190H ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names PKS0735+178 GSC-I 1365 1765 PG1630+377 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------