Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 4128c Report Date: 09-May-96:19:14 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QSOS: CYCLE 9 OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GTO/FOS 1030 Sub Category GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone E. margaret Burbidge UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SA USA 619-534-4477 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract This proposal contains observations which will help to complete a number of FOS IDT scientific programs. Evolution of the sizes of the Lyman alpha clouds will be studied with ultraviolet spectra of a well separated pair of QSO images. In two "gravitational lensing" multiple QSOs, we shall ascertain whether the UV spectra of the images are identical, while detecting absorption lines (especially Lyman alpha) which might exhibit differences and hence give information on sizes of absorbing clouds. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: GRAVITATIONAL LENSES, QUASARS, UV ABSORPTION LINES. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 11.07 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 3 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 4128c PI: E. margaret Burbidge Proposal Title: GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QSOS: CYCLE 9 OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Richard J. Harms APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION USA Richard G. Allen UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA USA J. Roger P. Angel UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA USA Frank Bartko UNAFFILIATED USA Edward Beaver UC, SAN DIEGO USA Ralph C. Bohlin SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Pi E. Margaret Burbidge UC, SAN DIEGO USA Ross D. Cohen UC, SAN DIEGO USA Aurthur F. Davidsen JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY USA Holland C. Ford SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE George F. Hartig SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Vesa T. Junkkarinen UC, SAN DIEGO USA Bruce H. Margon UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. The two brightest components of PG1115+080 will be observed with the FOS Red detector and 0.3" aperture. For each observation a binary search will be done on an offset star, followed by a move to the object. There will be a an ACQ image, followed by spectra with G400H (2400 and 3100 seconds), G270H (5050 and 6820s), and G190H (5074 and 7337s). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The Lyman-alpha forest lines in the spectrum of two components of PG 1115+080 for measuring the size of the H I clouds are below the atmospheric cutoff. Absorption lines such as C IV lambda1549 due to low and medium redshift galaxies and galaxy clusters near QSO sight lines will be in the UV. UV absorption lines are a better probe of gas for this sight lines than optical absorption lines, and the UV observations are required in order to understand the evolution of the sizes of these clouds. The collecting area of HST and the sensitivity of the FOS and GHRS make it possible to obtain spectra with the signal to noise needed to carry out these studies of QSOs at wavelengths below the atmospheric cutoff. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Absorption lines in the spectra of the two gravitational lens images will be measured using the standard software. Monte-Carlo simulations of the absorption line coincidences along these two closely spaced lines of sight will be used to estimate the size of the Ly-alpha forest H I clouds. The association of absorption lines with galaxies and clusters of galaxies along the QSO line of sight will be established by obtaining accurate redshifts for the absorption system and the intervening object. These observations will be reduced using the standard spectroscopy reduction software available for FOS data. Calibration will be done using the results of SV observations. The absorption features in QSO spectra will be measured using existing software that has been used for optical data and the early HST spectra. The evolution of C IV lambda1549 absorption systems with redshift will be studied by counting these systems and carrying out the necessary statistical analysis. Unidentified lines below Ly-alpha emission are candidate Ly-alpha forest lines and will contribute to studies of the evolution of these absorbers. Metal line systems will be studied by using curves of growth to obtain estimates and limits to column densities. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. Optical spectroscopy and photometry will be performed using the facilities of Lick Observatory. We will try to make the optical observations simultaneous with the HST UV observations if possible. This imposes no requirements on HST. Coordinates need to be determined from WF/PC team images for target acquisition. There are a number of related FOS IDT GTO proposals in cycles 0, 1, and 2. These observations were originally written as portions of observations begun in those proposals. Thus the observations included here contain both the baseline and augmented portions. Some observations were moved from augmented to baseline proposals to balance this. Page 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. Collaborators have received data from a number of GTO programs, SAT, and ERO programs. Related programs which have had observations are as follows: 1026 - ``UV Spectra of Low-Redshift-QSOs'', 1027 - ``UV Spectra of QSOs with z> 3.1'', 1029 - ``Spectropolarimetry of QSOs, Blazars, and AGN'', and 1033 - ``Search for Misdirected BL Lac Objects''. Low resolution observations of three high redshift QSOs have not revealed any with light at He II lambda 304. Observations of UM 675 have shown that any He I Gunn--Peterson effect is small, that He I absorption lines are not strong, that predictions of the ``Lyman valley'' may be correct, and that low redshift Ly-alpha is more prevalent than expected. Observations of low redshift QSOs (including 3C 273) have shown even more clearly that Ly-alpha absorption occurs in greater numbers than expected, as well as showing emission-- line profile differences more clearly than from earlier data. Unexpectedly, Ly- alpha is narrower than H-alpha. ``HST Imaging of the Inner 3 Arcseconds of NGC 1068 in the Light of [O III] lambda5007'', I.N.Evans, H.C.Ford, A.L.Kinney, R.R.J.Antonucci, L.Armus, and S.Caganoff, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 369}, L27, 1991. ``Faint Object Camera Observations of a Globular Cluster Nova Field'', B.Margon, S.F.Anderson, R.A.Downes, R.C.Bohlin, and P.Jakobsen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 369}, L71, 1991. ``Far--Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Quasar UM 675 with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope'', E.A.Beaver, E.M.Burbidge, R.D.Cohen, V.T.Junkkarinen, R.W.Lyons, E.I.Rosenblatt, G.F.Hartig, B.Margon, and A.F.Davidsen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L1, 1991. ``The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of 3C 273'', J.N.Bahcall, B.T.Jannuzi, D.P.Schneider, G.F.Hartig, R.Bohlin, and V.Junkkarinen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L5, 1991. ``Faint Object Spectrograph Spectroscopy of Resolved Structure in the Nucleus of NGC 1068'', S.Caganoff, R.R.J.Antonucci, H.C.Ford, G.A.Kriss, G.Hartig, L.Armus, I.N.Evans, E.Rosenblatt, R.C.Bohlin, and A.L.Kinney, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L9, 1991. ``Faint Object Spectrograph Observations of the Low-Luminosity Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1566'', G.A.Kriss, G.F.Hartig, L.Armus, W.P.Blair, S.Caganoff, and L.Dressel, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L13, 1991. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). The majority of the resources required for this project other than the normal facilities of a university (librarys, offices, etc.) were supplied by NASA to the members of the FOS IDT for these projects. These include all the computing facilities required for the completion of data reduction and analysis. Optical and IR ground--based observing facilities and support are provided by the University of California. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. We will observe 2 cases of gravitationally lensed QSOs to investigate faint additional images and size of clouds producing absorption. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: E. MARGARET BURBIDGE Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIE Address: CASS 0111, UCSD 9500 GILMAN DRIVE City: LA JOLLA State: CA Zip Code: 920930111 Country: USA Telephone: 619-534-4477 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 4128c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PG1115+080A E,313,323,321,923, RA = 11H 18M 16.934S +/- 2000 Z=1.722 COMP 1 V=17.0 +/- 1.0 H,515,519 1.0", 2 F(1500)=2.0 +/- 0.5 E-15 DEC = 07D 45' 58.53" +/- 1.0", PLATE-ID = 00ZW, TBD-EARLY Comments: EXACT COORDINATES WILL BE DEFINED FROM WFC IMAGES TAKEN BY WF/PC TEAM THE BRIGHTEST IMAGE OF THIS MULTIPLE QUASAR. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 PG1115+080D E,313,323,321,923, R = 0.50" +/- 0.03", 2000 Z=1.722 COMP 1 V=17.3 +/- 1.0 H,515,519 PA = 25D +/- 10D, 2 F(1500)=2.0 +/- 0.5 E-15 FROM 4, TBD-EARLY, PLATE-ID = 00ZW, Comments: EXACT OFFSETS FROM -OFFSET WILL BE MEASURED FROM WFC IMAGE THE SECOND BRIGHTEST IMAGE OF THIS MULTIPLE QUASAR. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 PG1115+080A- A,137 RA = 11H 18M 16.934S +/- 2000 1 B=16.3 +/- 1.5 OFFSET 1.0', DEC = 07D 45' 58.53" +/- 1.0', PLATE-ID = 00ZW, TBD-EARLY Comments: NUMBER 3 ON OUR CHART EXACT OFFSETS FOR THE QSOS WILL BE MEASURED SHORTLY FROM WFC IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 4128c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.58 PG1115+080A FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=238313 1 11S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR -OFFSET BINARY 18.59-18.9 SEQ 18.58-18.9 NO GAP REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.59 PG1115+080A FOS/RD ACQ 0.3 MIRROR 1 11S 1 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.6 PG1115+080A FOS/RD RAPID 0.3 G270H 2700 READ-TIME=40 1 5050S 15 2 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.7 PG1115+080A FOS/RD RAPID 0.3 G190H 1900 READ-TIME=40 1 5074S 15 2 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18.9 PG1115+080A FOS/RD RAPID 0.3 G400H 4000 READ-TIME=40 1 2400S 15 2 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 PG1115+080A FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=238313 1 11S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR -OFFSET BINARY 22.5-25 SEQ 22-25 NO GAP CYCLE 9 / 18.58-25 REQ UPDATE Comments: DO A BLIND OFFSET FROM THIS STAR TO PG1115+080D. THE OFFSET WILL BE DETERMINED FROM THE WFC IMAGES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22.5 PG1115+080D FOS/RD ACQ 0.3 MIRROR 1 11S 1 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 PG1115+080D FOS/RD RAPID 0.3 G400H 4000 READ-TIME=40 1 3100S 15 2 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 PG1115+080D FOS/RD RAPID 0.3 G270H 2700 READ-TIME=40 1 6820S 15 2 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 PG1115+080D FOS/RD RAPID 0.3 G190H 1900 READ-TIME=40 1 7337S 15 2 1 REQ UPDATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 4128c [ 7] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations FOS/RD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/BINARY ACQ RAPID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BRIGHT READ-TIME=40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 11.07 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ONBOARD ACQ FOR 18.59-18.9; SEQ 18.58-18.9 NO GAP; REQ UPDATE REQ UPDATE; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 22.5-25; SEQ 22-25 NO GAP; CYCLE 9 / 18.58-25; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR G270H G190H G400H ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names PG1115+080A PG1115+080D PG1115+080A-OFFSET ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------