Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 3348o Report Date: 09-May-96:20:32 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: SEARCH FOR EXTENDED GALACTIC HALOS (FOS 23): FUFTURE-CYCLE CONTINUATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GTO/FOS Sub Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Ralph Bohlin SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INST USA (301) 338-4804 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract Use QSOs projected close to nearby galaxies to search for halos sufficiently extended to explain the observed statistics of QSO absorption line spectra. Different candidate galaxies have been chosen, including some known to have extended 21 cm halos, galaxies in and out of clusters, etc. Galaxies are chosen with z>0.001 where possible, so that local Lyman alpha absorption can be resolved from a galaxian column density of 2E19 of HI in our R=1200 mode. This is a UV specific problem that requires ST collecting area. A positive detection will produce a point on the rotation curve far into the galaxy halo, as well as crude information on the physical conditions of the halo gas. Each spectrum will also contain information on the gas distribution of our galaxy. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: GALACTIC HALOS, QUASAR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 40.42 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 8 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 3348o PI: Ralph Bohlin Proposal Title: SEARCH FOR EXTENDED GALACTIC HALOS (FOS 23): FUFTURE-CYCLE CONTINUATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Edward Beaver UC, SAN DIEGO USA E. Margaret Burbidge UC, SAN DIEGO USA Bruce Margon WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF USA J. Roger P. Angel ARIZONA, UNIVERSITY OF USA Frank Bartko APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION USA Arthur F. Davidsen JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY USA Richard J. Harms APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION USA Ralph Bohlin SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Holland C. Ford SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. Require about 400 counts for 10% absorption lines. Scale from 19 mag and fnu~1/nu, which implies 0.021 c/s at 1400 A, 0.133 c/s at 2800 A. Expose 8 ks/obj H13 170 cts at 1400 A 2 ks/obj H27 270 cts at 2800 A. Monitor tube bkg. for 1 sec every minute, or at least at the beginning and the end of the observation for 20 sec. Take wavelength cal at the end of each grating position, since velocities are critical. Worry about 1.5 ct/s/diode from L-alpha over 3 diodes for 2KR sky in the case of faint targets and Vr < 3 diodes ~ 750 km/s. Use smaller hole for Vr 300 to 750 km/s. Targets chosen to have z such that L-alpha is clear of 2x10 dex+19 cm-2 of galactic hydrogen, Cycle 2: 203-239 Cycle 9: 901-905 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. The SV prerequisite programs for all FOS observations in this program are: Prop ID 2195 FOS Target Acquisition Tests - All observations Prop ID 1317 Int./Ext. Wavelength Offsets - 1st target Prop ID 1318 Spectral Flat Fields - 1st target Prop ID 1320 Absolute Spectrophotometry - 1st visit of bright targets The object 0318-196 is variable. Ground based observations are required prior to the ST observations to establish if the object is bright enough to observe. Please do not schedule any FOS observations of 0318-196 in the first 4 months of the Cycle. Please notify us approximately when the ST observations will be scheduled as soon as the long range schedule is available. We will notify the ST ScI approximately 1-2 months prior to the ST observations (according to the long range schedule) if the object is too faint to observe. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. The FOS grating mechanism does not repeat to 50 microns = 230 km/s, so for the best (~25 km/s) velocity accuracy, a WAVE internal spectrum is required. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. This program constitutes a scientific investigation that cannot be considered viable until 7 of the 10 targets have been observed. None of the data in this program should be made public until 1 year after the program becomes viable as a whole. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. UV FOS spectra are used to search for extended halos of gas in galaxies by using QSO absorption lines as the diagnostic light source. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: RALPH BOHLIN Category: PI Institution: SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE Address: City: State: Zip Code: Country: Telephone: Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 3348o [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 0015+162 QUASAR IN RICH CLUSTER RA=0H 18M 32.04S +/-0.3", 2000 Z=0.553 1 V=18.2 OF GALAXIES OF SAME DEC=+16D 29' 25.3" +/- 0.3", Z PLATE-ID=N404 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C48 QUASAR PROJECTED 42 KPC RA=1H 37M 41.30S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=0.37 1 V=16.2 FROM NGC 598(SCD) DEC=+33D 9' 34.6" +/- 0.3" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 0318-196 QUASAR PROJECTED 60 KPC RA=3H 20M 21.15S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=0.104 1 V=17.5 FROM NGC 130D(SBB) DEC=-19D 26' 31.7" +/-0.3", PLATE-ID=S547 Comments: B-V=1.04 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C245 QUASAR NEAR RA=10H 42M 44.63S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=1.029 1 V=17.29 INTERGALACTIC HI CLOUD DEC=+12D 3' 32.2" +/- 0.3", OF PLATE-ID=N490 SKRUTSKIE ET AL Comments: B-V=0.46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 PKS1103-006 QUASAR PROJECTED 61 KPC RA=11H 6M 31.75S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=0.43 1 V=16.5 FROM NGC 3521(SBC) DEC=-0D 52' 53.4" +/- 0.3" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Q1601.5+1747 BURBIDGE 1985, AP.J, RA=16H 03M 43.92S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=0.034 1 V=18.5 288,82 QUASAR IN DEC=+17D 38' 49.7" +/- 0.3", HERCULES SPIRAL RICH PLATE-ID=N444 CLUSTER Comments: Z IS FOR HERCULES CLUSTER, Z=1.481 FOR QSO; USE F(~NU)~1/NU TO SCALE FLUX DATA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 3C66A QSO PROJECTED 92 KPC RA=2H 22M 39.55S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=0.444 1 V=15.5+/-0.5 FROM THE GALAXY DEC=+43D 2' 8.1" +/- 0.3", 3C66B PLATE-ID=N196 Comments: V IS VARIABLE FROM 15 TO 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 ABELL2197- QUASAR IN ABELL 2197 RA=16H 27M 43.93S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=1.082 1 R=18 QSO SPIRAL RICH CLUSTER DEC=+40D 47' 43.2" +/- 0.3" Comments: B-R=0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3348o [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 201 DEFINE # # ACCUM # # # 2000S # QSO-BEG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 202 DEFINE # # ACCUM # # # 2000S # QSO- NEXTG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 203 0015+162 FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR 1 39S 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 204-209 GROUP 203-209 WITHIN 15D CYCLE 2 / 203-239 Comments: ACQUSITION EXPOSURE TIMES CALCULATED USING POWER LAW WITH ALPHA=-1. FOR 25000K BLACK-BODY , USE X0.27. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 204 0015+162 FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 6 2000S 2 SEQ 204-205 NO GAP Comments: I USED AN ARBITRARY 2000 S/ ORBIT TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF EXPOSURES. PLEASE ADJUST MY EXPOSURE TIMES BY +/- 30% TO FIT INTEGRAL NUMBER OF ORBITS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 205 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 6 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 204 Comments: THROUGHOUT THE PROGRAM, IF NUM_EXP > 1 THEN EACH EXPOSURE AND WAVE CAL SEQUENCE SHOULD BE REPEATED INTERLEAVED (I.E. OBJ/ WAVE/OBJ/WAVE ETC). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 206 0015+162 FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G190H 3 2000S 2 SEQ 206-207 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 207 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G190H 3 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 206 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 208 0015+162 FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G160L 2 1500S 2 SEQ 208-209 NO GAP Comments: THIS TARGET IS A VARIATION OF THE STANDARD PROGRAM, BECAUSE OF THE LARGE Z=.533 OF THE HOST CLUSTER OF GALAXIES. G160L IS INCLUDED TO LOOK FOR THE LYMAN CONTINUUM ABSORPTION SHIFTED TO 1416A. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 209 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G160L 2 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 208 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 210 3C48 FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=180000 1 33S 3 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 211-214 GROUP 210-214 WITHIN 15D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3348o [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 211 USE QSO 3C48 FOS/BL 0.5 G270H 1 X0.6 3 SEQ 211-212 NO GAP -BEG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 212 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 0.5 G270H 1 DEF 3 CALIB FOR 211 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 213 USE QSO 3C48 FOS/BL 0.5 G130H 3 X0.8 3 SEQ 213-214 NO GAP -NEXTG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 214 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 0.5 G130H 3 DEF 3 CALIB FOR 213 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 215 0318-196 FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=55000 1 33S 3 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 216-219 GROUP 215-219 WITHIN 15D Comments: SEE GENERAL FORM QUESTION 5. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 216 0318-196 FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 2 1500S 3 SEQ 216-217 NO GAP Comments: SEE GENERAL FORM QUESTION 5. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 217 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 2 DEF 3 CALIB FOR 216 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 218 0318-196 FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G130H 6 2000S 3 SEQ 218-219 NO GAP Comments: SEE GENERAL FORM QUESTION 5. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 219 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G130H 6 DEF 3 CALIB FOR 218 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 220 3C245 FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=67000 1 33S 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 221-224 GROUP 220-224 WITHIN 15D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 221 USE QSO 3C245 FOS/BL 1.0 G270H 2 X0.75 2 SEQ 221-222 NO GAP -BEG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 222 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 2 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 223 USE QSO 3C245 FOS/BL 1.0 G130H 6 X1.0 2 SEQ 223-224 NO GAP -NEXTG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 224 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G130H 6 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 223 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 225 PKS1103-006 FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=140000 1 33S 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 226-229 GROUP 225-229 WITHIN 15D COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 226 USE QSO PKS1103-006 FOS/BL 0.5 G270H 2 X0.75 1 SEQ 226-227 NO GAP -BEG COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 227 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 0.5 G270H 2 DEF 1 CALIB FOR 226 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3348o [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 228 USE QSO PKS1103-006 FOS/BL 0.5 G130H 6 X1.0 1 SEQ 228-229 NO GAP -NEXTG COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 229 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 0.5 G130H 6 DEF 1 CALIB FOR 228 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 230 Q1601.5+174 FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR 1 51S 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 7 BINARY 231-234 GROUP 230-234 WITHIN 15D COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 231 USE QSO Q1601.5+174 FOS/BL 1.0 G270H 3 X1.0 2 SEQ 231-232 NO GAP -BEG 7 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 232 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 3 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 231 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 233 USE QSO Q1601.5+174 FOS/BL 1.0 G130H 12 X1.0 2 SEQ 233-234 NO GAP -NEXTG 7 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 234 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G130H 12 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 233 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 235 3C66A FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=350000 1 33S 3 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 236-239 GROUP 235-239 WITHIN 15D COND IF BRIGHTER THAN V=16 DETERMINED FROM THE GROUND. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 236 USE QSO 3C66A FOS/BL 1.0 G270H 1 X0.6 3 SEQ 236-237 NO GAP -BEG COND IF BRIGHTER THAN V=16 DETERMINED FROM THE GROUND. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 237 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 1 DEF 3 CALIB FOR 236 COND IF BRIGHTER THAN V=16 DETERMINED FROM THE GROUND. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 238 USE QSO 3C66A FOS/BL 1.0 G130H 3 X0.8 3 SEQ 238-239 NO GAP -NEXTG COND IF BRIGHTER THAN V=16 DETERMINED FROM THE GROUND. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3348o [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 239 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G130H 3 DEF 3 CALIB FOR 238 COND IF BRIGHTER THAN V=16 DETERMINED FROM THE GROUND. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 901 ABELL2197- FOS/BL ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR 1 11S 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR QSO BINARY 902-905 GROUP 901-905 WITHIN 15D CYCLE 9 / 901-905 COND IF TAC OK Comments: ASSUMING V=19. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 902 USE QSO ABELL2197- FOS/BL 1.0 G270H 1 X1.0 2 SEQ 902-903 NO GAP -BEG QSO COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 903 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G270H 2 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 902 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 904 USE QSO ABELL2197- FOS/BL 1.0 G130H 4 X1.0 2 SEQ 904-905 NO GAP -NEXTG QSO COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 905 WAVE FOS/BL ACCUM 1.0 G130H 4 DEF 2 CALIB FOR 904 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 3348o [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations # FOS/BL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ACQ/BINARY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BRIGHT=180000 BRIGHT=55000 BRIGHT=67000 BRIGHT=140000 BRIGHT=350000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 40.42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ONBOARD ACQ FOR 204-209; GROUP 203-209 WITHIN 15D; CYCLE 2 / 203-239 SEQ 204-205 NO GAP CALIB FOR 204 SEQ 206-207 NO GAP CALIB FOR 206 SEQ 208-209 NO GAP CALIB FOR 208 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 211-214; GROUP 210-214 WITHIN 15D SEQ 211-212 NO GAP CALIB FOR 211 SEQ 213-214 NO GAP CALIB FOR 213 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 216-219; GROUP 215-219 WITHIN 15D SEQ 216-217 NO GAP CALIB FOR 216 SEQ 218-219 NO GAP CALIB FOR 218 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 221-224; GROUP 220-224 WITHIN 15D SEQ 221-222 NO GAP CALIB FOR 221 SEQ 223-224 NO GAP CALIB FOR 223 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 226-229; GROUP 225-229 WITHIN 15D; COND IF TAC OK SEQ 226-227 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 226; SEQ 228-229 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 228; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 231-234; GROUP 230-234 WITHIN 15D; SEQ 231-232 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 231; SEQ 233-234 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 233; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 236-239; GROUP 235-239 WITHIN 15D; COND IF BRIGHTER THAN V=16 DETERMINED FROM THE GROUND. SEQ 236-237 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 236; SEQ 238-239 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 238; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 902-905; GROUP 901-905 WITHIN 15D; CYCLE 9 / 901-905; SEQ 902-903 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 902; SEQ 904-905 NO GAP; CALIB FOR 904; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements # MIRROR G270H G190H G160L G130H ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 0015+162 3C48 0318-196 3C245 PKS1103-006 Q1601.5+1747 3C66A ABELL2197-QSO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------