Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 3346c Report Date: 09-May-96:18:29 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: PHYSICS OF ASTEROIDS-FUTURE CYCLES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID SOLAR SYSTEM GTO/FOC 1268 Sub Category MINOR PLANETS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Rudolf Albrecht ESA, EUROPEAN COORDINATING F GERMANY, W +49-89-320 06 DEPUTY HEAD, ST-ECF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The purpose of the proposed investigation is to detemine the physical properties of selected asteroids (currently more than 4000 known, mainly between Mars and Jupiter, diameters ranging up to 10dex3 km). The asteroid 1 Ceres has a diameter of 1025 km and produces an image of 0.7 arcsec at opposition. We will study it with the FOC F/288 high resolution mode to determine the absolute diameter (and thus calibrate the asteroid diameter scales), the irregularities of the body, and the reasons for variations during its rotation (about 9.1 hours). The surface structure will be resolved to about 10x10 km per pixel, and also studied during rotation. The same will be done for a number of other asteroids. The position of the rotational pole will be determined, as well as the sence of rotation. Several asteroids are suspected to consist not only of one single body, but to be binary or multiple in nature, or to have satellites. The proposed observations will provide answers to these questions. The FOC in F/288 mode will for the first time produce direct images of asteroids with a resolution sufficient to discern surface details. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: SOLAR SYSTEM, ASTEROIDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 10.00 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 16 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 3346c PI: Rudolf Albrecht Proposal Title: PHYSICS OF ASTEROIDS-FUTURE CYCLES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hans J. Schober GRAZ UNIVERSITY AUSTRIA X John J. Caldwell SPACE ASTROPHYSICS LABORATORY, CANADA ISTS Gerd Weigelt MPI F. RADIOASTRONOMIE GERMANY, WE X Theo M. Kamperman SPACE RESEARCH LABORATORY NETHERLANDS X UTRECHT Rudolf Albrecht ESA, EUROPEAN COORDINATING GERMANY, WE X FACILITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. A) DECONVOLUTION: The goal of these observations is to increase the resolution of the ST/FOC by image processing techniques. For this purpose exposures have to be taken with different ST roll angles, spaced as closely as possible in time. the rolled exposure can only be taken one orbit after the unrolled exposure. This time line should allow the determination of the direction of the rotation and of the pole axis, plus a confirmation of the potometric rotation period. One of the priority 1 objects shall be observed during cycle 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. Only the FOC provides the required resolution. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. Asteroids have to be observed close to opposition. The scheduling of the observations is therefore closely tied to the ST launch date and to the availability of the moving target acquisition mode. We expect to work closely with the schedulers at the ST ScI. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Quick-look data analysis will be carried out at the STScI immediately following the observations. Final data analysis will be carried out at the European Coordinating Facility, and at the computer installations of the home institutions of the other proposers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). Our institutions will supply the following resources: Salary, travel, data analysis facilities, research support, administrative support, office space. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. The purpose of this investigation is to determine physical properties of selected asteroids: diameters, shapes, surface structure, spin axis orientation, rotation, and possible binary nature. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Page 3 Name: RUDOLF ALBRECHT Category: PI Institution: ESA, EUROPEAN COORDINATING FACILI Address: City: State: Zip Code: Country: Telephone: Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ID = 3346c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: 1-CERES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=1(CERES) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=7.9 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 | TARGET NAME: 2-PALLAS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=2(PALLAS) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=8.5 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 3 | TARGET NAME: 3-JUNO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=3(JUNO) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=9.8 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ID = 3346c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 4 | TARGET NAME: 4-VESTA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=4(VESTA) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=6.8 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 5 | TARGET NAME: 7-IRIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=7(IRIS) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=9.4 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 7 | TARGET NAME: 10-HYGIEA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=10(HYGIEA) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=10.6 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ID = 3346c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 9 | TARGET NAME: 15-EUNOMIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=15(EUNOMIA) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=9.6 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 10 | TARGET NAME: 16-PSYCHE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=16(PSYCHE) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=10.6 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 11 | TARGET NAME: 532-HERCULINA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 532 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=532(HERCULINA) | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V=10.4 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3346c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 DEF # FOC/96 ACQ 512X512 # 1 10M 1 # INT ACQ FOR 2 DECON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 DEF # FOC/ IMAGE 256X256 # 1 10M 30 1 # DECON 288 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 DEF # FOC/ IMAGE 256X256 # 1 10M 30 1 # AFTER 2 BY 10M +/- DECON 288 10M Comments: TWO 10-MIN EXPOSURES TAKEN TO AVOID ROTATION BLURRING ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ^ # FOC/ IMAGE 256X256 # 1 10M 30 1 # ORIENT 30D +/- 10D 288 FROM 2 Comments: NOTE TO SCHEDULER: ROLL IN 4 AND 5 CAN ALSO BE -30D +/- 10D FROM 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 DEF ROT # FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 # 1 10M 15 1 # SEQ 12-16 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 ^ # FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 # 1 10M 15 1 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 ^ # FOC/96 IMAGE 256X256 # 1 10M 15 1 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 101 USE ROT 1-CERES F342W, 1 CYCLE 2 / 101-104 F6ND GUID TOL 0.020" / 101-204 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 USE ROT 2-PALLAS F342W, 1 CYCLE 2 / 101-104 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 103 USE ROT 3-JUNO F342W, 1 CYCLE 2 / 101-104 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 104 USE ROT 4-VESTA F342W, 1 CYCLE 2 / 101-104 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 105 USE ROT 7-IRIS F342W, 1 CYCLE 9 / 105-147 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 107 USE ROT 10-HYGIEA F342W, 2 CYCLE 9 / 105-147 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 109 USE ROT 15-EUNOMIA F342W, 2 CYCLE 9 / 105-147 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 USE ROT 16-PSYCHE F342W, 2 CYCLE 9 / 105-147 F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 147 USE ROT 532- F342W, 2 CYCLE 9 / 105-147 HERCULINA F6ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3346c [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 201 USE 1-CERES F342W, 1 SELECT 1 OF 201 OR DECON F4ND 202 OR 203 OR 204 COND IF FAVORABLE OPPOSITION DURING CYCLE 2 COND IF TAC OK CYCLE 2 / 201-204 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 202 USE 2-PALLAS F342W, 1 COND IF FAVORABLE DECON F4ND OPPOSITION DURING CYCLE 2 COND IF TAC OK CYCLE 2 / 201-204 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 203 USE 3-JUNO F342W, 1 COND IF FAVORABLE DECON F4ND OPPOSITION DURING CYCLE 2 COND IF TAC OK CYCLE 2 / 201-204 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 204 USE 4-VESTA F342W, 1 COND IF FAVORABLE DECON F4ND OPPOSITION DURING CYCLE 2 COND IF TAC OK CYCLE 2 / 201-204 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 3346c [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations FOC/96 FOC/288 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/FOC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 10.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category SOLAR SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category MINOR PLANETS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements INT ACQ FOR 2 AFTER 2 BY 10M +/- 10M; ORIENT 30D +/- 10D FROM 2 SEQ 12-16 NO GAP CYCLE 2 / 101-104; GUID TOL 0.020" / 101-204; CYCLE 9 / 105-147; SELECT 1 OF 201 OR 202 OR 203 OR 204; COND IF FAVORABLE OPPOSITION DURING CYCLE 2; COND IF TAC OK; CYCLE 2 / 201-204; COND IF FAVORABLE OPPOSITION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements # F342W,F6ND F342W,F4ND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 1-CERES 2-PALLAS 3-JUNO 4-VESTA 7-IRIS 10-HYGIEA 15-EUNOMIA 16-PSYCHE 532-HERCULINA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------