Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 2952c Report Date: 09-May-96:17:40 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: X-RAY BINARIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS GTO/HSP 1097 Sub Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Robert C. Bless WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF USA (608)262-1715 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The extreme conditions existing in the near vicinity of neutron stars which are the secondaries in close binaries provide a laboratory in which we may observationally confirm or refine many of our basic theories of astrophysics. This program will monitor the photometric and polarimetric light curves of X-ray binaries at several different phases of the binary orbit in several different wavelength bands in the UV. The results will be related to the structure of, and physical conditions existing in, the gas streams (and possibly, the accretion disk) in these systems. Revision History (1097): Prepared for future cycles submission--BJW 4/21/92; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: X-RAY BINARIES: NEUTRON STARS: BLACK HOLES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 8.97 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 10 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: HSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 2952c PI: Robert C. Bless Proposal Title: X-RAY BINARIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ G. W. Van Citters NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION USA Robert C. Bless WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF USA Joseph F. Dolan NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT USA CENTER James L. Elliot MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF USA TECHNOLOGY Edward L. Robinson TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF USA Richard L. White SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. The photometric and polarimetric light curves of each target will be built up by measuring the magnitude and linear polarization of the system in several different wavelength bands at several different phases in one orbit. Investigation of temporal variations in any gas stream will require observations over several different orbits. Some of these systems undergo substantial luminosity changes in the optical or X-ray region of the spectrum; the observations will be repeated for each different luminosity state the system assumes. Cycle 1 (SV/GTO) observations: Exposures (line numbers) 37 to 48 and lines 55-60 on 1 month centers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. UV radiation is believed to originate closer to the accretion disk around the secondary in X-ray binaries than does longer wavelength optical radiation. Hence, observations in the UV, accessible only to ST, will probe a different region of the gas streams between the stars than can be done in the optical. It is expected that the results will be more directly relatable to the conditions existing near the neutron star. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. The observations must be correlated with the period of the binary to obtain the desired light curves. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Given scattering from gas streams, the polarimetric (q, u) plot can determine the location of the stream relative to the line of centers and the orbital plane and the eccentricity of the scattering location's orbit about the primary (Dolan and Tapie, Astron. Ap., 139, 249, 1984; Dolan, Astron. Ap., 138, 1, 1984; and references cited therein). The phases at which photometric and polarimetric variability occur provide the longitudinal location of the gas streams; the magnitude of the varitions cn be related to the total amount of material in the stream. The ionization state of the stream can be determined from the dependence of the polarimetric variability on wavelength: Rayleigh scattering varies as the inverse 4th power of the wavelength and indicates neutral atoms as the scattering agents; Thomson scattering is independent of wavelength and indicate free electrons (i.e., ionized atoms) as the scattering agents. Variations in phase of features on the photometric and Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. The X-ray binaries program is directly related to the first scientific objective listed in the HSP CEI specifications, "determination of the properties of ... X- ray binaries, gas streams and accretion disks in compact binary systems", and to the fifth scientific objective, "determination of the wavelength and time dependence of polarization in compact binaries". ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. Photometric and polarimetric light curves of X-ray binaries will be established at several different UV wavelengths. Changes in these light curves will be monitored as a function of the luminosity state of the system. The results will be related to the structure of, and physical conditions in, the gas streams and accretion disk in these close binaries. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: ROBERT C. BLESS Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN Address: SPACE ASTRONOMY LAB. 1150 UNIVERSITY AVE. City: MADISON State: WI Zip Code: 53706 Country: USA Telephone: 608-262-1715 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: JOSEPH F. DOLAN Category: CON Institution: NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Address: CODE 681 City: GREENBELT State: MD Zip Code: 20771 Country: USA Telephone: (301)286-5920 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 2952c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HDE226868 X-RAY BINARY RA = 19H 58M 21.521S +/- 2000 1 V=8.6 CYGXR-1 0.1S, DEC = +35D 12' 05.088" +/- 1" Comments: SAO 69181 MAGREF = DOLAN POSREF = SAO CATALOG, WITH PM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 2952c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.5 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 24S 6 1 # ACQ2 UV2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.6 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 24S 6 1 # ACQP POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.7 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 1M # 1 # CTR2 UV2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.9 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 1M # 1 # CTRP POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.95 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 1M # 1 # CTR1 UV1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE 1.0 F145M SAMPLE- 1 20S 100 1 # FIRST UV2 TIME=0.0000108 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ^ # ^ ^ ^ F184W ^ ^ ^ ^ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ^ # ^ ^ ^ F284M ^ ^ ^ ^ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ^ # ^ ^ ^ F248M ^ ^ ^ ^ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE 1.0 F220W SAMPLE- 1 20S 100 1 # FIRST1 UV1 TIME=0.0000108 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE POL0 # SAMPLE-TIME=0.1 ^ 30S ^ # SEQ 6-9 NO GAP POL POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 ^ # ^ ^ POL90 # ^ ^ ^ ^ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE POL45 # SAMPLE-TIME=0.1 1 30S 100 1 # POL POL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 ^ # ^ ^ POL135 # ^ ^ ^ ^ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 DEFINE # HSP/ STAR- 1.0-A F145M # 1 1M 100 1 # SFIRST UV2 SKY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 DEFINE # ^ ^ 1.0-B F248M # ^ ^ # SFIRSTA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 DEFINE # ^ ^ 1.0-A F284M # ^ ^ # SFIRSTB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 DEFINE # ^ ^ 1.0-B F184W # ^ ^ # SFIRSTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 DEFINE # HSP/ ^ 1.0-B F220W # ^ ^ # SFIRST1 UV1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 2952c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 DEFINE # HSP/ STAR- POL0 # # 1 33S 100 1 # SEQ 15-21 NO GAP SPOL POL SKY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 ^ # ^ ^ POL90 # # ^ 33S 100 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 ^ # ^ ^ POL45 # # ^ 33S 100 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 DEFINE # HSP/ STAR- POL135 # # 1 33S 100 1 # SPOL POL SKY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE 1.0 F248M SAMPLE- 1 20S 100 1 # REP UV2 TIME=0.0000108 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 DEFINE # ^ STAR- 1.0-B F248M # 1 1M 100 1 # SREP SKY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24.9 USE HDE226868 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 25 ACQP -28.1 CYCLE 2 / 24.9-70 SEQ 24.9-28.1 NO GAP PCS MODE FINE / 24.9-30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 USE POL ^ F216M X6 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25.5 USE POL ^ F216M X6 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 ^ ^ F237M X6 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26.5 USE POL HDE226868 F237M X6 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 ^ ^ F327M X6 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27.5 ^ ^ F327M X6 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X6 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.1 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X6 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.2 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR CTR2 0.1S 28.5 SEQ 28.2-28.9 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.5 USE HDE226868 2 FIRST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.7 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR CTR1 0.1S 28.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 2952c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.9 USE HDE226868 2 FIRST1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 USE HDE226868 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 29.1 SEQ 29-30 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29.1 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X7.5 2 AFTER 28 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29.5 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 30 CTR2 0.1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 USE REP ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39 USE HDE226868 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 39.1 SEQ 39-40 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39.1 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X7.5 2 AFTER 29 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39.5 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 40 CTR2 0.1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 USE REP ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 USE HDE226868 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 49.1 SEQ 49-50 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49.1 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X7.5 2 AFTER 39 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49.5 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 50 CTR2 0.1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 USE REP HDE226868 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59 USE HDE226868 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 59.1 SEQ 59-60 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59.1 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X7.5 2 AFTER 49 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59.5 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 60 CTR2 0.1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 USE REP ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 2952c [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 USE HDE226868 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR ACQP 69.1 SEQ 69-70 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69.1 USE POL HDE226868 F277M X7.5 2 AFTER 59 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69.5 USE HDE226868 15 2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 70 CTR2 0.1S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 USE REP ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 2952c [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HSP/UV2 HSP/POL HSP/UV1 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ SINGLE ^ STAR-SKY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters SAMPLE-TIME=0.0000108 SAMPLE-TIME=0.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/HSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 8.97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements SEQ 6-9 NO GAP; SEQ 15-21 NO GAP; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 25-28.1; CYCLE 2 / 24.9-70; SEQ 24.9-28.1 NO GAP; PCS MODE FINE / 24.9-30; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 28.5; SEQ 28.2-28.9 NO GAP; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 28.9; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 29.1; SEQ 29-30 NO GAP; AFTER 28 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 30; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 39.1; SEQ 39-40 NO GAP; AFTER 29 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 40; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 49.1; SEQ 49-50 NO GAP; AFTER 39 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 50; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 59.1; SEQ 59-60 NO GAP; AFTER 49 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 60; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 69.1; SEQ 69-70 NO GAP; AFTER 59 BY 0.93D +/- 0.1D; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 70; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F145M F184W F284M F248M F220W # F216M F237M F327M F277M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HDE226868 CYGXR-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------