! File: 2348C.PROP ! Database: PEPDB ! Date: 17-FEB-1994:05:19:46 coverpage: title_1: ABUNDANCE ENHANCEMENTS IN HALO GAS sci_cat: INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM proposal_for: GO pi_title: DR. pi_fname: EDWARD pi_mi: B. pi_lname: JENKINS pi_inst: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY pi_country: USA pi_phone: 609-258-3826 keywords_1: HALO, SUPERNOVA REMNANT, ABUNDANCES, GAS hours_pri: 12.00 num_pri: 7 hrs: X funds_amount: 47000 funds_length: 12 funds_date: SEP-91 pi_position: SR. RES. ASTRONOMER off_fname: ALLEN off_mi: J. off_lname: SINISGALLI off_title: DIRECTOR off_inst: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY off_addr_1: OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND PROJECT ADMINISTRATION off_addr_2: 5 NEW SOUTH BUILDING off_city: PRINCETON off_state: NJ off_zip: 08544 off_country: USA ! end of coverpage abstract: line_1: We propose to use HRS in its moderate resolution mode to examine interstellar line_2: absorption lines in the spectra of stars situated ~1 kpc or more from the line_3: galactic plane. We will compare Fe II, S II, Si II and Al II to see if their line_4: relative abundances differ from ordinary interstellar gas, as indicated by a line_5: conservative interpretation of some IUE data. We will equate possible line_6: abundance enhancements in halo gas, if they are indeed real, with element line_7: replenishments found in shocked gases in the plane (associated with the Vela line_8: SNR) to see if the pattern from element to element differs from that resulting line_9: from the destruction of grains. This differentiation will indicate whether the line_10: principal enhancements are from grain evaporation as the gas is ejected from line_11: the plane, or whether element injection from Type I supernovae plays an line_12: important role. ! ! end of abstract general_form_proposers: lname: JENKINS fname: EDWARD title: P.I. mi: B. inst: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY country: USA ! lname: WALLERSTEIN fname: GEORGE inst: WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF country: USA ! ! end of general_form_proposers block general_form_text: question: 3 section: 1 line_1: A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED OBSERVATIONS line_3: For all of the 7 stars covered by this proposal, we intend to observe the line_4: following lines using the GHRS G160M grating. Our goal is to achieve a line_5: signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 50 for any diode which is exposed to a line_6: full continuum level. line_8: ION WAVELENGTH(A) LOG (F LAMBDA) COMMENTS line_10: S II 1250.586 0.83 these two lines can be line_12: Fe II 1608.456 2.55 line_13: Al II 1670.784 3.50 line_14: Al III 1854.720 2.70 these two lines can be line_16: P II 1301.878 1.35 Bonus line line_17: O I 1302.169 1.80 Bonus line line_18: Si II 1304.369 2.28 Strong line to match Al II line_19: Si II 1808.003 0.83 Weak line to match S II ! question: 3 section: 2 line_1: The two lines of S II can be observed simultaneously. The Fe II line may be line_2: observed at the same carrousel setting as the S II lines. The singly ionized line_3: species are the dominant ionization stages and represent the primary line_4: information on abundances. In addition, we'll observe doubly ionized Al to line_5: check that these elements are not appreciably ionized more than once by an line_6: extragalactic radiation flux below the Lyman limit. ! question: 4 section: 1 line_1: THE NEED FOR CAPABILITIES OF HST line_3: Lines from the ground states of the ions discussed in this proposal are found line_4: only in the ultraviolet. An extensive investigation of high-resolution line_5: spectra in the IUE archives revealed tantalizing but rather crude line_6: indications that indeed there is element enrichment in the halo gas. line_7: Unfortunately, interstellar absorption lines which are strong enough to line_8: measure reliably with IUE almost always are badly saturated. line_9: Correcting for the saturation using curve-of-growth techniques is of dubious line_10: value. If one has good signal-to-noise recordings at a high enough line_11: resolution to completely resolve the velocity structure of a line, column line_12: densities may be derived by integrating the optical depth over velocity line_13: intervals where the line is not heavily saturated. ! question: 5 section: 1 line_1: All of our stars except HD120086 (target 6) have line_2: published fluxes at 1565A available from the TD-1 survey. To obtain fluxes line_3: at wavelengths that will be covered by this program, relative to the flux at line_4: 1565A, we used spectra in the IUE spectral atlas for stars of similar line_5: spectral type. There are no large reddening corrections to apply to our line_6: stars, since all values of E(B-V) are of order or less than 0.1. line_8: To observe wavelength intervals centered at 1252.5, 1318.5, 1619.0, 1667.0, line_9: 1817.5, and 1857.0 A at a signal-to-noise ratio of 50:1 per diode, we line_10: expect that an observing time given by line_12: t_(-10) = sum{2.50e13 / [(S(lambda) F / F_1560) 0.94]} line_13: = 29715 seconds line_15: will be required to cover the 6 wavelength intervals for a star with F(1560) line_16: = 10^{-10} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1} A^{-1}. We used values of S(lambda) tabulated line_17: in an update on instrument performance dated 6 May 1991 (p. 8 of GHRS memo). line_18: These numbers, in turn, were multiplied by the SSA loss factor of 0.25. line_19: The factor 0.94 results from our planning to use Substep pattern #5. ! question: 5 section: 2 line_1: For the 7 stars in our program our total observing time T = t(-10) line_2: sum{[F(1565)X10^10]^-1} = 533 minutes. Since we need to observe each star line_3: only once, the additional spacecraft time is only 7 stars X (15 min line_4: acquisision + 6 min set-up) = 147 min. ! question: 7 section: 1 line_1: PLANS FOR DATA REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS line_3: We think that it is very likely that the capabilities of the SDAS/IRAF line_4: analysis system will satisfy our reduction requirements. We intend to line_5: familiarize ourselves with this system during one or more visits to the STScI line_6: in the early phases of the program. If it is not too difficult, we may try line_7: to install this software on our own computer systems and continue to work on line_8: our data at our home institutions. If this is not feasible, we will complete line_9: our reductions during subsequent visits to the STScI. line_11: Present systems at our home institutions are a VAX/8350, Sun and Convex at line_12: Princeton, and a VAX/780 and MicroVAX cluster at the University of line_13: Washington. IRAF is currently up and running at the University of line_14: Washington. ! question: 10 section: 1 line_1: VAX/8350, Sun-4 and Convex computers at Princeton line_2: VAX/780, and MicroVAX cluster at the University of Washington ! !end of general form text general_form_address: lname: JENKINS fname: EDWARD mi: B. title: DR. category: PI inst: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY addr_1: DEPT. OF ASTROPHYSICAL SCI. addr_2: PEYTON HALL; IVY LANE city: PRINCETON state: NJ zip: 08544 country: USA ! ! end of general_form_address records fixed_targets: targnum: 1 name_1: HD72089 descr_1: STAR; TYPE=B5 III pos_1: RA = 8H 27M 27.42S +/- .2" , pos_2: DEC = -45D 23' 23.0" +/- .2" equinox: 1950 rv_or_z: V=0 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V=7.6 +/- .5, TYPE=B5 III fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=1.6+/-.1E-11 ! targnum: 2 name_1: HD72127A descr_1: STAR; TYPE=B3 III pos_1: RA = 8H 27M 46.41S +/- 1." , pos_2: DEC = -44D 33' 25.6" +/- 1." equinox: ^ rv_or_z: V=+20 acqpr_1: COMP comment_1: SECONDARY OF THE DOUBLE comment_2: SYSTEM LOCATED AT comment_3: PA = 350D AND 4.6" comment_4: (DELTA V = 1.6) fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 5.2, TYPE = B 3 III fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=4.4+/-1.E-10 ! targnum: 3 name_1: HD177566 descr_1: STAR; TYPE=B1 III pos_1: RA = 19H 03M 36.8S +/- 1." , pos_2: DEC = -41D 47' 57" +/- 1" equinox: ^ rv_or_z: V=-131 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 10.2, TYPE=B1 III fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=1.2+/-.1E-11 ! targnum: 5 name_1: HD120086 descr_1: STAR; TYPE=B2 V pos_1: RA = 13H 44M 44.24S +/- .8" , pos_2: DEC = -2D 11' 40.2" +/- .8" equinox: ^ rv_or_z: V = -1 comment_1: FLUX #2 BASED ON V, comment_2: SPECTRAL TYPE AND E(B-V), comment_3: SINCE NO TD-1 DATA AVAIL. fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 7.9, E(B-V)=0.06, TYPE = B2 V fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=5.3+/-1.E-11 ! targnum: 6 name_1: HD22586 descr_1: STAR; TYPE=B2 III pos_1: RA = 3H 34M 14.79S +/- .5" , pos_2: DEC = -52D 43' 16.5" +/- .5" equinox: ^ rv_or_z: V=+97 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V=8.05, E(B-V)=0.05, TYPE = B2 III fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=3.3+/-.1E-11 ! targnum: 7 name_1: HD49798 descr_1: STAR; TYPE=O6 V pos_1: RA = 6H 46M 34.85S +/- .2" , pos_2: DEC = -44D 15' 33.5" +/- .2" equinox: ^ rv_or_z: V=+13 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V = 8.3, E(B-V)=0.08, TYPE = O6 V fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=9.6+/-.1E-11 ! targnum: 8 name_1: HD18100 descr_1: STAR; TYPE=B5 II/III pos_1: RA = 2H 51M 29.61S +/- .8" , pos_2: DEC = -26D 21' 31.6" +/- .8" equinox: ^ rv_or_z: V=+80 fluxnum_1: 1 fluxval_1: V=8.48, E(B-V)=0.09, TYPE=B5II/III fluxnum_2: 2 fluxval_2: F-CONT(1565)=4.4+/-.1E-11 ! ! end of fixed targets ! No solar system records found ! No generic target records found exposure_logsheet: linenum: 1.010 sequence_1: DEFINE SC1 targname: # config: HRS opmode: ACCUM aperture: 0.25 sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1252.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: STEP-PATT=6 param_2: FP-SPLIT=STD comment_1: COVERAGE: S II 1250.586 ! linenum: 1.020 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1318.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 1 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: SI II 1304.369 ! linenum: 1.030 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1619.0 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # s_to_n_time: 220S fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: FE II 1608.456 ! linenum: 1.040 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1667.0 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # s_to_n_time: 220S fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: AL II 1670.784 ! linenum: 1.050 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1817.5 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # s_to_n_time: 220S fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: SI II 1808.003 ! linenum: 1.060 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1857.0 num_exp: 2 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # s_to_n_time: 220S fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: AL III 1854.720 comment_2: 1862.795 ! linenum: 2.010 sequence_1: DEFINE SC2 targname: # config: HRS opmode: ACCUM aperture: 0.25 sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1252.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: STEP-PATT=6 param_2: FP-SPLIT=STD comment_1: COVERAGE: S II 1250.586 ! linenum: 2.020 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1318.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 110S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 1 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: SI II 1304.369 ! linenum: 2.030 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1619.0 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 220S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: FE II 1608.456 ! linenum: 2.040 sequence_1: DEFINE SC2 targname: # config: HRS opmode: ACCUM aperture: 0.25 sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1667.0 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 220S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 2 param_1: STEP-PATT=6 param_2: FP-SPLIT=STD comment_1: COVERAGE: AL II 1670.784 ! linenum: 2.050 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1817.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 220S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: SI II 1808.003 ! linenum: 2.060 sequence_1: ^ targname: # config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1857.0 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 220S s_to_n: # fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: AL III 1854.720 comment_2: 1862.795 ! linenum: 3.000 targname: HD72089 config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 5S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=140, param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 3.00-3.07; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 2.11K C/S, ! linenum: 3.010 targname: HD72089 config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.02-3.07 ! linenum: 3.020 targname: HD72089 config: HRS opmode: ACCUM aperture: 0.25 sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1252.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1320S s_to_n: 50.4 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 1 param_1: STEP-PATT = 5 param_2: FP-SPLIT=STD comment_1: COVERAGE: S II 1250.586, 1253.812 ! linenum: 3.030 targname: HD72089 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1318.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1320S s_to_n: 51.9 fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: SI II 1304.369 ! linenum: 3.040 targname: HD72089 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1619.0 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1320S s_to_n: 47.8 fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: FE II 1608.456 ! linenum: 3.050 targname: HD72089 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1667.0 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1320S s_to_n: 46.9 fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: AL II 1670.784 ! linenum: 3.060 targname: HD72089 config: ^ opmode: ^ aperture: ^ sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1817.5 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1320S s_to_n: 47.3 fluxnum_1: ^ priority: 2 param_1: ^ param_2: ^ comment_1: COVERAGE: SI II 1808.003 ! linenum: 3.070 targname: HD72089 config: HRS opmode: ACCUM aperture: 0.25 sp_element: G160M wavelength: 1857.0 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 1320S s_to_n: 44.8 fluxnum_1: 2 priority: 2 param_1: STEP-PATT = 5 param_2: FP-SPLIT=STD comment_1: COVERAGE: AL III 1854.720 ! linenum: 4.000 targname: HD72127A config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 57.8S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=4474, param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 4.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 4.00-4.02; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 36.8K C/S, ! linenum: 4.010 targname: HD72127A config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 4.02 ! linenum: 4.020 sequence_1: USE SC2 targname: HD72127A time_per_exp: X1.0 s_to_n: 101 comment_1: NOMINAL SNR ACHIEVED WITH X.25 comment_2: ENHANCEMENT HERE IS TO FILL UP comment_3: MINIMUM SCAN TIME FOR comment_4: STEP-PATT=5 ! linenum: 5.000 targname: HD177566 config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-N2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 5S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=5000 param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 5.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 5.00-5.02; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 104K C/S. ! linenum: 5.010 targname: HD177566 config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-N2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 5.02 ! linenum: 5.020 sequence_1: USE SC1 targname: HD177566 time_per_exp: X8.0 s_to_n: 47.1 ! linenum: 6.000 targname: HD120086 config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 5S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=275, param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 6.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 6.00-6.02; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 4130 C/S. ! linenum: 6.010 targname: HD120086 config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 6.02 ! linenum: 6.020 sequence_1: USE SC2 targname: HD120086 time_per_exp: X3.0 s_to_n: 60.6 ! linenum: 7.000 targname: HD22586 config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 5S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=258, param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 7.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 7.00-7.02; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 3870 C/S. ! linenum: 7.010 targname: HD22586 config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 7.02 ! linenum: 7.020 sequence_1: USE SC2 targname: HD22586 time_per_exp: X4.0 s_to_n: 55.3 ! linenum: 8.000 targname: HD49798 config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 5S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=393, param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 8.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 8.00-8.02; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 5900 C/S. ! linenum: 8.010 targname: HD49798 config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-A2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 8.02 ! linenum: 8.020 sequence_1: USE SC2 targname: HD49798 time_per_exp: X1.0 s_to_n: 47.1 ! linenum: 9.000 targname: HD18100 config: HRS opmode: ACQ aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-N2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 5S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 param_1: FAINT=8680 param_2: SEARCH-SIZE=5 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 9.01; req_2: CYCLE 1 / 9.00-9.02; comment_1: COMPUTED RATE = 130K C/S. ! linenum: 9.010 targname: HD18100 config: HRS opmode: ACQ/PEAKUP aperture: 2.0 sp_element: MIRROR-N2 num_exp: 1 time_per_exp: 73.6S fluxnum_1: 1 priority: 1 req_1: ONBOARD ACQ FOR 9.02 ! linenum: 9.020 sequence_1: USE SC2 targname: HD18100 time_per_exp: X3.0 s_to_n: 55.3 ! ! end of exposure logsheet ! No scan data records found