Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 1195c Report Date: 09-May-96:16:18 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: WINDS OF COOL LUMINOUS STARS: DENSITIES, TEMPERATURES, GEOMETRIC EXTENTS, AND VELOCITY STRUCTURES -- CYCLE 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS GTO/HRS Sub Category COOL STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Kenneth G. Carpenter NASA - GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT USA (301)-286-3453 ASTROPHYSICIST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The goals of this program are to determine the physical characteristics of the winds/chromospheres around cool luminous stars. GHRS observations of the C II (UV 1) 1335 A and (UV 0.01) 2325 A multiplets will be used along with observations of the C I lines near 1655 and 1994 A to constrain the temperatures and densities in model chromospheres. The C II (UV 0.01) lines will also be used to estimate the turbulence in these chromospheres. The (confusing) far UV spectrum of the M supergiants will be explored with the GHRS. GHRS echelle observations of a set of Fe II lines in the 2700 - 2800 A region will be used to study the dependence of the wind velocity on radial distance above the photosphere. High quality Mg II profiles will be acquired to search for discrete velocity features and the presence of circumstellar absorption within the profiles. The photospheric absorption-line spectrum (2579-2675 A) of Arcturus will be observed in the echelle mode. Medium resolution observations of Fe II and Mg II in the dusty, very luminous star Mu Cep will provide information on the effect of dust and very low gravity on the wind velocity field. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: COOL STARS: WINDS, CHROMOSPHERES, MASS-LOSS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 7.00 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 6 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. Special sched req: Real Time obs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 1195c PI: Kenneth G. Carpenter Proposal Title: WINDS OF COOL LUMINOUS STARS: DENSITIES, TEMPERATURES, GEOMETRIC EXTENTS, AND VELOCITY STRUCTURES -- CYCLE 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kenneth G. Carpenter NASA - GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT USA CENTER Jeffrey L. Linsky COLORADO, UNIVERSITY OF USA Richard D. Robinson CSC - ASTRONOMY PROGRAM USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. Target: AlphaOri AlphaSco A GammaCru AlphaTau AlphaBoo LambdaVel Grating Wavel. exposure time (min) G140L 1314 17.7min 7.8 9.1 10.9 5.9 12.7 G140L 1550 17.7 7.25 5.9 - - - G140L 1800 17.7 7.25 5.9 - - - G200M 1655 23.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.9 - G200M 1994 4.6 7.8 7.25 9.1 7.8 10.0 ECH-B 2327 12.7 8.7 13.6 15.0 11.4 6.4 ECH-B 2759# - 8.7 - 8.7 - 5.5 ECH-B 2770# - 8.7 - 8.7 - 5.5 ECH-B 2596# 3.20 - 7.8 - - - ECH-B 2736# 3.20 - 3.2 - - - ECH-B 2759# 3.20 - 4.55 - - - ECH-B 2772# 3.20 - 4.55 - - - ECH-B 2799# 5.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.45 2.27 Cycle: 0 1 2 1 3 1 3 Priority: 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 # = to be accompanied by wavelength calibration exposures Cycle 0 Alpha Ori obs. adjusted for spherical aberration. Cycle 1 and later obs. not adjusted for any target yet. In addition, a G270M WSCAN of the 2012 - 2200 A region in Gamma Cru will be obtained and an echelle-B WSCAN of the 2579 - 2675 A region of Arcturus. Mu Cep will be observed with G270M at 2609, 2753, and 2802 A in Cycle 2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The data required for this program consists of UV spectra not obtainable from the ground. IUE has been used for a preliminary reconnaissance of all these targets, except for AlphaSco A (which has a hot companion that cannot be excluded from the larger IUE apertures). We now require the higher sensitivity, wavelength resolution, and S/N attainable with the HRS and ST to improve and extend our studies of the physical conditions characterising the outer atmospheres of these cool luminous stars. Only HRS is capable of providing us with the very high precision line profiles, fluxes, and absolute velocities required for our program. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. An interactive acquisition of HD148478 is required after the blind offset from HD148478-offset to ensure that the former target (i.e. the M-supergiant) will be properly located in the Small Science Aperture despite the presence of the nearby main-sequence B-star (HD148478-offset) and its scattered light and the uncertain orbital elements of the system. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. Wavelength calibration exposures for all the echelle observations are needed to provide us with a velocity scale accurate to about 1 km/sec. This accuracy is required to allow us to study the dependence of the wind flow velocities on distance above the photosphere of each star. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. The data will be reduced and analyzed primarily with in-house software developed for analysis of IUE data and with new software to be developed in-house. Software developed by the GHRS IDT and the proposers will be used in the reduction and analysis of these observations. The NLTE MULTI code will be used to construct model chromospheres and spectra which will be compared with the observations. References documenting the methods of analysis to be used in this investigation are given in the Scientific Justification section of this proposal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). See section 7. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. The targets observed in this program are: 1. Alpha Ori 2. Alpha Sco A 3. Gamma Cru 4. Alpha Tau 5. Alpha Boo 6. Lambda Vel 7. Mu Cep ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. We plan UV spectroscopic observations with GHRS of a sample of 7 cool luminous stars. Our goals are to determine, from analysis of chromospheric emission lines, the physical conditions in their wind regions/chromospheres and to study the dependence of wind velocity on radial distance above the photosphere. The UV photospheric absorption line spectrum of Arcturus will also be studied at very high resolution. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: KENNETH G. CARPENTER Category: PI Institution: NASA-GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Address: CODE 681 City: GREENBELT State: MD Zip Code: 20771 Country: USA Telephone: 301-286-3453 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: RICHARD D. ROBINSON Category: Institution: CSC @ NASA-GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT C Address: CODE 681 City: GREENBELT State: MD Zip Code: 20771 Country: USA Telephone: (301)-286-4530 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: JEFFREY L. LINSKY Category: Institution: JILA - UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO Address: CAMPUS BOX 440 City: BOULDER State: CO Zip Code: 80309 Country: USA Telephone: (303)-492-7838 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 1195c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD39801 M2 IAB RA=05H52M27.809S+/-0.1", 1950 V=+21 1 V=0.8+/-.5,TYPE=M2 IAB ALPHA-ORI DEC=07D23'57.92"+/-0.1" 2 F(1314)=3.E-14 3 F(1550)=5.0E-14 4 F(1800)=1.3E-13 5 F(1655)=1.5E-13 6 F(1994)=5.0E-13 7 F(2327)=1.E-11 8 F(2740)=8.E-12 9 F(2799)=2.5E-11 Comments: FLUXVAL 2-6 ARE FOR BASE OF LINES 10 F(2600)=2.0E-12 FLUXVAL 9 IS FOR MIDDLE OF VIOLET PEAK OF K-LINE Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) B 1950.00 0.0017 +/- 0.0001 0.0100 +/- 0.0010 0.0000 +/- 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1195c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 HD39801 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 FAINT=80 1 115.6S 1 1 CYCLE 0 / 23.0- MAP=END-POINT 28.3 SEARCH-SIZE=5 ONBOARD ACQ FOR LOCATE=YES 23.25 SEQ 23.0-28.3 NO GAP Comments: EXPECT 200 CTS/400 MSEC WITH SA STEP-TIME=0.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23.25 ^ HRS ACQ/ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 73.6S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR PEAKUP 23.50-28.030 Comments: CENTER IN LSA AFTER NEW DEFCAL STEP-TIME=1.6SEC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23.5 ^ HRS IMAGE 2.0 MIRROR-N2 1 96.8S 1 1 Comments: TAKE MAP AFTER CENTERING 200 MSEC INTEGRATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 ^ ^ ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1314 STEP-PATT=5 3 5.9M 20 2 ^ METER=YES HIGH- COUNT=120000 METER-WAVE=1305 Comments: FOR MODES G140L, G160M, G200M (LINES 24-28.0), SPYBAL SHOULD BE COMPUTED AS NECESSARY (PER STANDARD OPERATIONS) ON STSCI- INSERTED WAVE OBSERVATIONS. TARGET IS TOO FAINT FOR DIRECT SPYBALS. S/N IS FOR SUM OF 3 OBS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 HD39801 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1550 STEP-PATT=5 3 5.9M 20 3 1 METER=YES HIGH- COUNT=120000 METER-WAVE=1540 Comments: S/N IS FOR SUM OF 3 OBS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1800 STEP-PATT=5 3 5.9M 20 4 ^ METER=YES HIGH- COUNT=120000 METER-WAVE=1820 Comments: S/N IS FOR SUM OF 3 OBS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 HD39801 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G160M 1655 STEP-PATT=5 4 5.9M 10 5 1 METER=YES HIGH- COUNT=120000 METER-WAVE=DEF Comments: S/N IS FOR SUM OF 4 OBS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1195c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 ^ ^ ^ ^ G200M 1994 STEP-PATT=5 1 4.6M 10 6 ^ METER=YES HIGH- COUNT=120000 METER-WAVE=DEF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.03 ^ HRS ACQ/ 2.0 MIRROR-A2 1 73.6S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR PEAKUP 28.1-28.3 Comments: CENTER IN LSA AFTER NEW DEFCAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.1 HD39801 HRS IMAGE 0.25 MIRROR-A2 NX=9 1 80.0S 1 1 NY=9 Comments: STEP-TIME=1.6 SEC, USE ONLY IF SSA PEAKUP VALIDATED, OTHERWISE REPLACE WITH SSA MAP AND USE BLIND OFFSET TO SSA. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.2 HD39801 HRS ACCUM 0.25 ECH-B20 2799.0 STEP-PATT=7 1 656.0S 55 9 1 SEQ 28.2-28.3 NON- METER=YES INT HIGH- COUNT=480000 METER- WAVE=2802.7 FP-SPLIT=STD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28.3 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC1 ECH-B20 2799.0 STEP-PATT=3 1 3.2S 1 CALIB FOR 28.2 NO SLEW ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 1195c [ 7] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HRS ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACQ/PEAKUP IMAGE ACCUM ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FAINT=80 MAP=END-POINT SEARCH-SIZE=5 LOCATE=YES STEP-PATT=5 METER=YES HIGH-COUNT=120000 METER-WAVE=1305 METER-WAVE=1540 METER-WAVE=1820 METER-WAVE=DEF NX=9 NY=9 STEP-PATT=7 METER=YES HIGH-COUNT=480000 METER-WAVE=2802.7 FP-SPLIT=STD STEP-PATT=3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 7.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category COOL STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 0 / 23.0-28.3; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 23.25; SEQ 23.0-28.3 NO GAP ONBOARD ACQ FOR 23.50-28.030 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 28.1-28.3 SEQ 28.2-28.3 NON-INT; CALIB FOR 28.2 NO SLEW ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR-A2 MIRROR-N2 G140L ^ G160M G200M ECH-B20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD39801 ALPHA-ORI ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------