Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 1100c Report Date: 09-May-96:16:09 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: EVOLUTION OF THE NUCLEI OF PLANETARY NEBULAE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS GTO/HSP 3 Long Term yrs Sub Category SUBLUMINOUS STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Robert C. Bless WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF USA (608)262-1715 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The nuclei of planetary nebulae represent a central link in the late stages of stellar evolution, the connection between the asymptotic giant branch and the white dwarfs. In this picture, the core gradually increases in temperature and contracts after expelling the planetary nebula, eventually reaching the white dwarf cooling sequence. The agreement between models of this process and observations rests on assumptions about nebular distance scales, bolometric corrections and reddening. We propose to use the high-speed photometer to measure the luminosity variation of a central star directly. The evolutionary time scale and temperature changes will be observed utilizing the stability and precision of the photometer in combination with the angular resolution of Space Telescope. Revision History: Received on RPS 9/1/89; Added to SCCS 9/5/89 RPSS V7.2 remote & local; removed extraneous comments; fixed small syntax errors; Added coordinate uncertainty to target 5 & 6 - SALM 9/13/89 Added comments about acq. on repeat visits - SALM 9/28/89; Move NGC40 to cycle2, delete 1 UV filter, reduce repeat obs, do obs on VIS - SALM 3/5/90 Move NGC1360 to cycle 2 - SALM 3/19/90. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: PLANETARY NEBULAE, STELLAR EVOLUTION, WHITE DWARFS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 30.00 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 2 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 1100c PI: Robert C. Bless Proposal Title: EVOLUTION OF THE NUCLEI OF PLANETARY NEBULAE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ G. W. Van Citters NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION USA Robert C. Bless WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF USA Joseph F. Dolan NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT USA CENTER James L. Elliot MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF USA TECHNOLOGY Edward L. Robinson TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. The program central star (P) and 2 comparison stars (C1, C2) will each be observed in 3 filters during one orbit. The sequence is P, C1, P, C2. This is to be repeated for 3 orbits on each of 2 central stars. Stars should be reobserved at 1-month intervals. This request covers only Cycles 1 & 2. Further time will be requested as GO time based on results of these observations. During Cycle 1, NGC 40 should be observed for 5 months (total of 5 hours); NGC 1360 is also Cycle 1. The attached target list contains more stars than will be observed to allow for uncertainty of launch date and uncertainty about presence of suitable comparison stars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The differential technique has been used from the ground to obtain results at the 0.001 mag. level on stars near the main sequence. To detect the changes expected in these hot stars, access to the ultraviolet (where the nuclei will be brighter and brightness change more pronounced) and the photometric stability and repeatable image size and angular resolution is required. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. Real time acquisition is requested for the first observation of each star to center it in aperture and be certain no contaminating sources are present in the UV. This is critical given the limits to which photometry is to be attempted. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. The nuclei of planetary nebulae represent a central link in the late stages of stellar evolution: the connection between the asymptotic giant branch and the white dwarfs. We propose to use the high-speed photometer to measure the luminosity variation of a central star directly. The evolutionary time scale and temperature changes will be observed utilizing the stability and precision of the photometer in combination with the angular resolution of Space Telescope. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: ROBERT C. BLESS Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN Address: WASHBURN OBSERVATORY 475 N. CHARTER ST. City: MADISON State: WI Zip Code: 53706 Country: USA Telephone: (608)262-1715 Telex (or e-mail): 26542-UOFWISC-MDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 3 Name: G. W. VAN CITTERS Category: CON Institution: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Address: DIVISION OF ASTRONOMICAL 1800 G STREET, N.W. City: WASHINGTON State: DC Zip Code: 20550 Country: USA Telephone: (202)357-9793 Telex (or e-mail): 892-438 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 1100c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC40 CENTRAL STAR OF RA = 00H 13M 1.06S +/- 0.5", 2000 BKG 1 V = 11.6 PLANETARY NEBULA DEC = +72D 31' 19.0" +/- 0.5" Comments: POSITION PUT IN BY RLW,1/31/89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC40-C1 COMPARISON STAR RA = 00H 08M 40.14S +/- 1950 1 V = 11.6 0.5", DEC = +72D 24' 53.7" +/- 0.5" Comments: POSITION PUT IN BY RLW,1/18/89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NGC40-C2 COMPARISON STAR RA = 00H 07M 55.26S +/- 1950 1 V = 11.5 0.5", DEC = +72D 04' 39.3" +/- 0.5" Comments: POSITION PUT IN BY RLW,1/18/89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 NGC1360 CENTRAL STAR OF RA = 03H 33M 14.64S +/- 2000 BKG 1 V = +11.3 PLANETARY NEBULA 0.5", DEC = -25D 52' 18.7" +/- 0.5" Comments: POSITION PUT IN BY RLW,1/31/89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 NGC1360-C1 COMPARISON STAR RA = 03H 31M 0.1S +/- 0.5", 1950 1 V = +9.7 DEC = -26D 14' 42.4" +/- 0.5" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 NGC1360-C2 ^ RA = 03H 31M 38.2S +/- 0.5", 1950 1 V = +9.6 DEC = -26D 07' 39.1" +/- 0.5" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1100c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.5 DEFINE # HSP/ ACQ 1 4S 1 3 ACQ VIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 DEFINE # HSP/ SINGLE 1.0 F184W SAMPLE-TIME=5 1 2M 1 3 PLAN VIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ^ ^ HSP/ ^ ^ F551W ^ ^ ^ ^ VIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.9 USE ACQ NGC40 INT ACQ FOR 4,6,8, 10,12,14 CYCLE 2 / 3.9-15 REPEAT 3.9-15 EVERY 60D +/- 5D FOR 7 MORE TIMES Comments: TARGETS MUST BE RE-ACQUIRED ON REPEAT VISITS, UNTIL SYSTEM HAS CAPABILITY TO RE-USE GUIDE STARS, BUT AN INT ACQ IS NECESSARY FOR ONLY THE FIRST VISIT - AFTERWARDS USE ONBOARD ACQS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.91 USE ACQ NGC40-C1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 5, 9,13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.92 USE ACQ NGC40-C2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 7, 11,15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 USE NGC40 SEQ 4-7 NO GAP PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 USE NGC40-C1 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 ^ NGC40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 USE NGC40-C2 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 ^ NGC40 SEQ 8-11 NO GAP AFTER 7 BY 95M +/- 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 USE NGC40-C1 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 ^ NGC40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1100c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 ^ NGC40-C2 Comments: NEBULAR BACKGROUND IN APERTURE MUST BE ESTIMATED FROM INT ACQ DATA SINCE SKY MEASUREMENT OUTSIDE OF NEBULAE WOULD NOT BE VALID. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 USE NGC40 SEQ 12-15 NO GAP PLAN AFTER 11 BY 95M +/ - 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 USE NGC40-C1 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 USE NGC40 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 USE NGC40-C2 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.9 USE ACQ NGC1360 INT ACQ FOR 16,18, 20,22,24,26 CYCLE 2 / 15.9-27 REPEAT 15.9-27 EVERY 60D +/- 5D FOR 7 MORE TIMES Comments: TARGETS MUST BE RE-ACQUIRED ON REPEAT VISITS UNTIL SYSTEM HAS THE CAPABILITY TO RE-USE GUIDE STARS, BUT AN INT ACQ IS NECESSARY FOR ONLY THE FIRST VISIT - AFTERWARDS USE ONBOARD ACQS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.91 USE ACQ NGC1360-C1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 17 ,21,25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.92 USE ACQ NGC1360-C2 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 19 ,23,27 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 USE NGC1360 SEQ 16-19 NO GAP PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 USE NGC1360-C1 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 USE NGC1360 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 USE NGC1360-C2 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1100c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 USE NGC1360 SEQ 20-23 NO GAP PLAN AFTER 19 BY 95M +/ - 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 USE NGC1360-C1 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 USE NGC1360 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 USE NGC1360-C2 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 USE NGC1360 SEQ 24-27 NO GAP PLAN AFTER 23 BY 95M +/ - 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 USE NGC1360-C1 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 USE NGC1360 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 USE NGC1360-C2 PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 1100c [ 8] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HSP/VIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ SINGLE ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters SAMPLE-TIME=5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/HSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 30.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category SUBLUMINOUS STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements INT ACQ FOR 4,6,8,10,12,14; CYCLE 2 / 3.9-15; REPEAT 3.9-15 EVERY 60D +/- 5D FOR 7 MORE TIMES; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 5,9,13; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 7,11,15; SEQ 4-7 NO GAP; SEQ 8-11 NO GAP; AFTER 7 BY 95M +/- 10M; SEQ 12-15 NO GAP; AFTER 11 BY 95M +/- 10M; INT ACQ FOR 16,18,20,22,24,26; CYCLE 2 / 15.9-27; REPEAT 15.9-27 EVERY 60D +/- 5D ONBOARD ACQ FOR 17,21,25; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 19,23,27; SEQ 16-19 NO GAP; SEQ 20-23 NO GAP; AFTER 19 BY 95M +/- 10M; SEQ 24-27 NO GAP; AFTER 23 BY 95M +/- 10M; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F184W F551W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC40 NGC40-C1 NGC40-C2 NGC1360 NGC1360-C1 NGC1360-C2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------