Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 1042c Report Date: 09-May-96:16:04 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: A SUPERNOVA-BASED DETERMINATION OF QO (FOS 22): FUTURE-CYCLE OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID GALAXIES & CLUSTERS GTO/FOS 2 Long Term yrs Sub Category Target of Oppt. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Richard J. Harms APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION USA 301-459-8442 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract Two approaches will be used to determine qo from spectrophotometry of distant (z = 0.2-0.5) supernovae. In the Baade-Wesselink method, spectra of either a type I or II supernova are taken several times during the first month after outburst; the observed fluxes, expansion velocity, date of outburst, and redshift of the parent galaxy, when compared to models, allow a determination of qo. The second approach assumes that adequate understanding and modelling of type I and type II supernovae will allow us to use them as standard candles. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: SUPERNOVAE, DETERMINATION OF QO, COSMOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 45.85 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 15 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 1042c PI: Richard J. Harms Proposal Title: A SUPERNOVA-BASED DETERMINATION OF QO (FOS 22): FUTURE-CYCLE OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Edward Beaver UC, SAN DIEGO USA E. Margaret Burbidge UC, SAN DIEGO USA Bruce Margon WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF USA J. Roger P. Angel ARIZONA, UNIVERSITY OF USA Frank Bartko MARTIN MARIETTA CORPORATION USA Arthur F. Davidsen JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY USA Richard J. Harms APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION USA Ralph Bohlin SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Holland C. Ford SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. A faint supernova (SN), presumably with z about 0.3, will be observed spectroscopically with the FOS using grating G570H and the prism. A short PC picture, with filter F555W, will be taken to derive accurate coordinates. Ten bright SN will be studied spectroscopically with the FOS and gratings G130H, G190H, G270H, G400H, G570H, and G780H. A brief PC picture will be obtained with filter F555W to determine the morphology of the host galaxy. Exposures: Baade- Wesselink Target: 1,15 Cycle: 9 Line: 9-9.2 Standard Candles Target: 3,4,5,6,7 Cycle: 2,2,3,3,4 Line: 19-19.4 .........................9,10,11,12,13 Cycle: 3,2,3,4,4 Line: 20-20.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. HST spatial resolution is essential for reducing host galaxy background when acquiring spectra of the faint supernovae, and for distant host galaxy morphology determination. The ultraviolet response is needed for complete spectral coverage. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. Interactive acquisition is needed due to the complexity of the fields, as well as the faintness of the objects. The different wavelength regions covered for each object must be observed with minimal time delay due to the rapid variability of the objects. Repeat observations during about a one month period must be scheduled for the Baade-Wesselink supernova (observation 1). The SV prerequisite programs for all FOS observations in this program are: Prop. ID 2195....FOS Target Acquisition Tests....All observations Prop. ID 1317....Int./Ext. Wavelength Offsets....1st target Prop. ID 1318....Spectral Flat Fields............1st target Prop. ID 1320....Absolute Spectrophotometry..... 1st visit of .................................................bright targets Use the results of the interactive PC acquisition to center the targets in exposure lines 9.1-9.2. If WF/PC-assisted INT ACQ is not possible, then line 1 will be replaced by an INT ACQ FOS target acquisition. This is tested in FOS SV program 1427. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Data reduction will be performed at the STScI, and the analysis will be performed using FOS IDT computer facilities. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. The supernovae to be observed will be discovered in ground-based observations, including the CTI survey of R. Angel at the University of Arizona. The filters were changed based on discussions with Pat Seitzer, who said that the original filter (F128LP) would not be calibrated. The integration times were shortened to avoid saturation. The change from WFC to PC was done to improve resolution. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). Data analysis, research assistant support, and funding will be provided under NASA's FOS GTO contract(s). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. Supernovae will be used to determine qo, using both the Baade-Wesselink and the standard candle technique. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: RICHARD J. HARMS Category: PI Institution: APPLIED RESEARCH CORP. Address: 8201 CORPORATE DRIVE SUITE 1120 City: LANDOVER State: MD Zip Code: 20785 Country: USA Telephone: (301) 459-8442 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST c)Generic Targets ID = 1042c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Selection Criteria |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SNA FAINT SUPERNOVAE IN GROUND-BASED DISCOVERY. OBJECT EXT 1 V=23 +/- 3 UNKNOWN GALAXY WITH Z COORDINATES RA= 13H +/- 2H, BKG 2 B=23 +/- 3 ABOUT 0.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SNB BRIGHT TYPE I SUPERNOVA GROUND-BASED DISCOVERY. OBJECTS ^ 1 V=15 +/- 2 7 IN UNKNOWN GALAXY COORDINATES RA= 13H +/- 2H, 2 B=15 +/- 2 WITH Z<0.03. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 SNC BRIGHT TYPE II ^ ^ 1 V=15 +/- 2 13 SUPERNOVA IN UNKNOWN 2 B=15 +/- 2 GALAXY WITH Z<0.03 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 SNA-GALAXY POSITION JUST OFF OF SMALL OFFSET FROM SUPERNOVA TARGET 1 V=23 +/- 5 SUPERNOVA TO OBTAIN GALAXY SPECTRUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1042c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 DEFINE # PC IMAGE ANY F555W PRE-FLASH=YES 1 1000S 1 # DARK TIME / 1-8 SNA TARGET OF OPP / 1- 8 INT ACQ FOR 3-8 Comments: 7/88 CHANGES: FILTER F128LP --> F555W; TIME 4000S --> 1000S; SEE GF8 FOR RATIONALE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ^ ^ FOS/RD ACCUM 0.5 PRISM 1 4800S 2 ^ SEQ 3-5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ 0.3 G570H ^ 10200S ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 ^ ^ ^ ^ 0.5 PRISM ^ 4800S ^ AFTER 5 BY 5D +/- 12H REPEAT 6-8 EVERY 5D +/- 12H FOR 1 TIME SEQ 6-8 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 ^ ^ ^ ^ 0.3 G570H ^ 10200S ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 USE SNA SNA 1 CYCLE 9 / 9-9.2 Comments: THE ABOVE EXPOSURES ARE FOR THE BAADE-WESSELINK METHOD. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.1 SNA FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 PRISM 1 4800S 2 1 AFTER 9 BY 20D +/- 12H SEQ 9.1-9.2 NO GAP Comments: USE THE EXPOSURES DEFINED IN 1, AND USED IN 9, FOR THE ACQUISITION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.2 SNA-GALAXY FOS/RD ACCUM 0.5 PRISM 1 8700S 1 1 Comments: USE THE EXPOSURES DEFINED IN 1, AND USED IN 9, FOR THE ACQUISITION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 DEFINE # FOS/BL ACQ 4.3 MIRROR 1 1.01S 1 # INT ACQ FOR 11-13 SNBC TARG OF OPP SEQ 10-17 NO GAP Comments: IF THE TRUE OBJECT IS 13-17, THEN THE ABOVE TIME CAN BE USED. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 DEFINE # FOS/BL ACCUM 0.3 G130H 1 600S 2 # SNBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ G190H 1 ^ ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ G270H ^ ^ ^ Comments: SWITCH DIGICONS DURING OCCULTATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1042c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 DEFINE # FOS/RD ACQ/ 1.0 MIRROR BRIGHT=261500 ^ 11.0S 1 ^ ONBOARD ACQ FOR SNBC BINARY FAINT=2610 15.5-17 Comments: THE EXPOSURE WILL BE UPDATED WHEN THE TRUE MAG OF THE OBJECT IS KNOWN. THE FINAL TIME WILL BE BETWEEN 0.3S (B=330000, F=3300) AND 11.0S. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.5 ^ ^ ^ ACCUM 0.3 G400H ^ 600S ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ G570H ^ ^ 2 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 DEFINE # FOS/RD ACCUM 0.3 G780H 1 600S 2 # SNBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 DEFINE # PC IMAGE ALL F555W PRE-FLASH=YES 1 35S 1 # AFTER 17 BY 50D +/ SNBC - 5D Comments: 7/88 CHANGES: WFC --> PC FILTER F128LP --> F555W; TIME 4000S -- > 1000S; SEE GF8 FOR RATIONALE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 USE SNB 1 DO FOR TARG 3 SNBC CYCLE 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.1 USE SNB 2 DO FOR TARG 4 SNBC CYCLE 2 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.2 USE SNB 1 DO FOR TARG 5 SNBC CYCLE 3 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.3 USE SNB 2 DO FOR TARG 6 SNBC CYCLE 3 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.4 USE SNB 1 DO FOR TARG 7 SNBC CYCLE 4 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 USE SNC 1 DO FOR TARG 9 SNBC CYCLE 3 Comments: EXPOSURES 19.0-20.4 ARE FOR BRIGHT SUPERNOVAE (STANDARD CANDLES). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.1 USE SNC 1 DO FOR TARG 10 SNBC CYCLE 2 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1042c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.2 USE SNC 2 DO FOR TARG 11 SNBC CYCLE 3 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.3 USE SNC 1 DO FOR TARG 12 SNBC CYCLE 4 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.4 USE SNC 2 DO FOR TARG 13 SNBC CYCLE 4 COND IF TAC OK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 1042c [ 8] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations PC FOS/RD ^ FOS/BL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ACCUM ^ ACQ ACQ/BINARY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters PRE-FLASH=YES BRIGHT=261500 FAINT=2610 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 45.85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category GALAXIES & CLUSTERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements DARK TIME / 1-8; TARGET OF OPP / 1-8; INT ACQ FOR 3-8; SEQ 3-5 NO GAP; AFTER 5 BY 5D +/- 12H; REPEAT 6-8 EVERY 5D +/- 12H FOR 1 TIME; SEQ 6-8 NO GAP; CYCLE 9 / 9-9.2; AFTER 9 BY 20D +/- 12H; SEQ 9.1-9.2 NO GAP; INT ACQ FOR 11-13; TARG OF OPP; SEQ 10-17 NO GAP; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 15.5-17; AFTER 17 BY 50D +/- 5D; DO FOR TARG 3; CYCLE 2; DO FOR TARG 4; COND IF TAC OK; DO FOR TARG 5; CYCLE 3; DO FOR TARG 6; DO FOR TARG 7; CYCLE 4; DO FOR TARG 9; DO FOR TARG 10; DO FOR TARG 11; DO FOR TARG 12; DO FOR TARG 13; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F555W PRISM G570H MIRROR G130H G190H G270H G400H G780H ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SNA SNB SNC SNA-GALAXY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------