Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 1035c Report Date: 09-May-96:16:03 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: BL LAC OBJECTS: AO 0235 + 164: CYCLE 3 AND 9 OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GTO/FOS 1035 Sub Category GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone E. margaret Burbidge UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SA USA 619-534-4477 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract AO0235+164 is an unusual case of a BL Lac object with very weak emission lines, 2 metallic line absorptions at z = 0.524, 0.851, and variable 21-cm absorption at z = 0.524. It has a faint emission-line companion 2 arc sec south with z = 0.524 and another companion 1.3 arc sec East. Special goals for it will be examination of L alpha absorption at both absorption redshifts, search for UV emission lines, search for luminosity between AO0235+164 and the (variable?) companion, or around AO itself, and study of all intervening objects. UV spectropolarimetry of all objects is planned in another program. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 4.68 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 1 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 1035c PI: E. margaret Burbidge Proposal Title: BL LAC OBJECTS: AO 0235 + 164: CYCLE 3 AND 9 OBSERVATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Richard J. Harms APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION USA Richard G. Allen UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA USA J. Roger P. Angel UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA USA Frank Bartko UNAFFILIATED USA Edward Beaver UC, SAN DIEGO USA Ralph C. Bohlin SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Pi E. Margaret Burbidge UC, SAN DIEGO USA Aurthur F. Davidsen JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY USA Holland C. Ford SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE George F. Hartig SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE USA INSTITUTE Bruce H. Margon UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. AO 0235+164: After a binary search target acquisition with the red detector, the following exposures will be taken in RAPID mode: Red G270H 3000s, REd G160L 5000s. The 1.0" aperture will be used. A 1200s WFC exposure will be done with a B filter. 600s exposures will be done with an R filter and a wide band filter. The exact choice will depend on whatever filters are available with WFC II. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The HST UV capability is needed to measure Lyman-alpha and C IV lambda1549 and other lines in the low redshift absorption systems. Good measurements in this object are impossible with the IUE. Observations of similar systems at higher redshift in the optical are not suitable because we with to use these observations to study the evolution of damped Lyman-alpha systems. The collecting area of HST and the sensitivity of the FOS make it possible to obtain spectra with the signal to noise needed to carry out these studies of QSOs at wavelengths below the atmospheric cutoff. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. The long observations of AO 0235+164 should only be done if the V magnitude is less than 17.5. We will monitor the object on a regular basis and notify the Space telescope science institute when this condition has been met. We will not require that the object be observed when it is at its peak brightness, so ability to schedule within a few months should be sufficient. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. These observations will be reduced using the standard spectroscopy and polarimetry reduction software available for FOS data. Calibration will be done using the results of SV observations. Any emission lines in the spectra will be analyzed by using IRAF / STSDAS and other existing software to measure line strengths. The line strengths will be compared to results from photoionization models. The absorption features in the spectra will be measured using existing software that has been used for optical data and the early HST spectra. The metal line systems will be studied by using curves of growth to obtain estimates and limits to column densities. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. Optical polarimetry and photometry will be performed using the facilities of Steward Observatory. Optical spectroscopy and photometry will be performed using the facilities of Lick Observatory. We will try to make the optical observations simultaneous with the HST UV observations if possible. This imposes no requirements on HST scheduling except as noted in question 5. Some of these observations were originally written as portions of observations begun GTO proposals. Thus the observations included here contain both the baseline and augmented portions. Some observations were moved from augmented to baseline proposals to balance this. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. Collaborators have received data from a number of GTO programs, SAT, and ERO programs. Related programs which have had observations are as follows: 1026 - ``UV Spectra of Low-Redshift-QSOs'', 1027 - ``UV Spectra of QSOs with z> 3.1'', 1029 - ``Spectropolarimetry of QSOs, Blazars, and AGN'', and 1033 - ``Search for Misdirected BL Lac Objects''. Low resolution observations of three high redshift QSOs have not revealed any with light at He II lambda 304. Observations of UM 675 have shown that any He I Gunn--Peterson effect is small, that He I absorption lines are not strong, that predictions of the ``Lyman valley'' may be correct, and that low redshift Ly-alpha is more prevalent than expected. Observations of low redshift QSOs (including 3C 273) have shown even more clearly that Ly-alpha absorption occurs in greater numbers than expected, as well as showing emission-- line profile differences more clearly than from earlier data. Unexpectedly, Ly- alpha is narrower than H-alpha. ``HST Imaging of the Inner 3 Arcseconds of NGC 1068 in the Light of [O III] lambda5007'', I.N.Evans, H.C.Ford, A.L.Kinney, R.R.J.Antonucci, L.Armus, and S.Caganoff, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 369}, L27, 1991. ``Faint Object Camera Observations of a Globular Cluster Nova Field'', B.Margon, S.F.Anderson, R.A.Downes, R.C.Bohlin, and P.Jakobsen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 369}, L71, 1991. ``Far--Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Quasar UM 675 with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope'', E.A.Beaver, E.M.Burbidge, R.D.Cohen, V.T.Junkkarinen, R.W.Lyons, E.I.Rosenblatt, G.F.Hartig, B.Margon, and A.F.Davidsen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L1, 1991. ``The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of 3C 273'', J.N.Bahcall, B.T.Jannuzi, D.P.Schneider, G.F.Hartig, R.Bohlin, and V.Junkkarinen, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L5, 1991. ``Faint Object Spectrograph Spectroscopy of Resolved Structure in the Nucleus of NGC 1068'', S.Caganoff, R.R.J.Antonucci, H.C.Ford, G.A.Kriss, G.Hartig, L.Armus, I.N.Evans, E.Rosenblatt, R.C.Bohlin, and A.L.Kinney, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L9, 1991. ``Faint Object Spectrograph Observations of the Low-Luminosity Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1566'', G.A.Kriss, G.F.Hartig, L.Armus, W.P.Blair, S.Caganoff, and L.Dressel, {\it Ap.J.(Lett.)}, {\bf 377}, L13, 1991. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). The majority of the resources required for this project other than the normal facilities of a university (librarys, offices, etc.) were supplied by NASA to the members of the FOS IDT for these projects. These include all the computing facilities required for the completion of data reduction and analysis. Optical and IR ground--based observing facilities and support are provided by the University of California and the University of Arizona. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. We will attempt to determine the redshift of the BL Lac object AO 0235 + 164 and the nature of the associated nebulosity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Page 4 Name: E. MARGARET BURBIDGE Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIE Address: CASS 0111, UCSD 9500 GILMAN DRIVE City: LA JOLLA State: CA Zip Code: 920930111 Country: USA Telephone: 619-534-4477 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 1035c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 AO0235+164 E,316,325, RA=2H 38M 38.913S +/- 0.3", 2000 Z=.94 1 V=16.5 +/- 2.0 H,515,516,519 DEC=16D 36' 59.76" +/- 0.3", 2 F(1800)=8 +/- 4 E-17 PLATE-ID = 01G9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1035c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 AO0235+164 WFC IMAGE W1 F492M 1 1200S 1 1 CYCLE 9 / 1-1.4 ORIENT 84D +/- 69D / 1-1.4 Comments: ANGLES +/- 180 D FROM ABOVE ARE OK THE OFFSET USED FROM TABLE 12 WAS 315D EXACT CHOICE OF FILTER AND EXPOSURE WILL DEPEND ON CHARACTERISTICS OF WF/PC II (LINES 1.0-1.4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.2 AO0235+164 WFC IMAGE W1 F128LP CR-SPLIT=0.5 1 600S 1 1 SEQ 1.2-1.4 NO GAP Comments: THE FILTERS USED IN 1.0-1.4 MAY BE CHANGED. THIS DEPENDS ON THE FILTERS AVAILABLE WITH WF/ PC II. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.4 AO0235+164 WFC IMAGE W1 F791W CR-SPLIT=0.5 1 600S 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 AO0235+164 FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR BRIGHT=720000 1 5.5S 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 6.0-7 SEQ 5-7 NO GAP REQ UPDATE / 5-7 CYCLE 3 / 5-7 Comments: EXPOSURE WILL BE DONE AFTER DETERMINATION THAT OBJECT IS BRIGHT ENOUGH FROM GROUND-BASED PHOTOMETRY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 AO0235+164 FOS/RD RAPID 1.0 G270H 2700 READ-TIME=40 1 3000S 20 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 AO0235+164 FOS/RD RAPID 1.0 G160L 1600 READ-TIME=40 1 5000S 10 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 1035c [ 7] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC FOS/RD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ACQ/BINARY RAPID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=0.5 BRIGHT READ-TIME=40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 4.68 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category GTO/FOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 9 / 1-1.4; ORIENT 84D +/- 69D / 1-1.4; SEQ 1.2-1.4 NO GAP ONBOARD ACQ FOR 6.0-7; SEQ 5-7 NO GAP; REQ UPDATE / 5-7; CYCLE 3 / 5-7; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F492M F128LP F791W MIRROR G270H G160L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names AO0235+164 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------