Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 1013c Report Date: 09-May-96:16:01 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROMETRY AND ASTROPHYSICS - AST/PC PART ONE OF FIVE - PROPOSAL 1013 (WFPC OBSERVATIONS) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GTO/AST 9 Long Term yrs Sub Category ASTROMETRY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Dr. William H. Jefferys UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTI USA (512)471-1455 PROFESSOR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract The goal of this project is the determination of the rotation of the HIPPARCOS Reference Frame with respect to an Extragalactic Frame. The program will derive the internal optical motions of extragalactic objects (QSOs, BL Lacs, AGNs) at the +/- 0.002 arcsecond per year level of accuracy. 160 SAO stars within the FGSFOV of all selected QSOs, BL Lacs, and AGNs are included in the HIPPARCOS catalog. Ground based speckle observations have been used to pre-detect doubles which would cause problems for the FGS. The FGSs will measure the relative positions of SAO stars with respect to objects brighter than 17 mag. Fainter objects will be observed with the WFPC and FGS together. The objects have been selected in conjunction with the recommendations of the IAU working group in Radio/Optical Identifications, and have been selected for compactness and intensity. Most of the objects are recommended as ultimate position calibrators. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: QUASARS, BL LACS, AGNS, HIPPARCOS, REFERENCE FRAMES FUNDAMENTAL ASTROMETRY, QUASAR INTERNAL MOTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 15.00 par: 15.00 10. Num targs pri: 74 par: 38 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FGS WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 1013c PI: Dr. William H. Jefferys Proposal Title: EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROMETRY AND ASTROPHYSICS - AST/PC PART ONE OF FIVE - PROPOSAL 1013 (WFPC OBSERVATIONS) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dr. James Westphal CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF USA TECHNOLOGY Dr. William H. Jefferys UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN USA Dr. William H. Jefferys UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Justification. The HIPPARCOS satellite will produce positions, proper motions, and parallaxes for 100,000 stars with an accuracy of 0.002 arcseconds in the positions and parallaxes. However, the nature of the observations means that the HIPPARCOS Instrumental Coordinate system will have an unknown overall rotation with respect to an inertial reference frame. The extragalactic objects define a frame which is very close to being inertial, differing only by cosmological effects. The goal of these observations is twofold: first to determine the relative positions and motions of selected Extragalactic Objects (EGOs) with respect to the HIPPARCOS reference frame, and, by inverting the observations, infer the rotation of the HIPPARCOS frame, as part of the Astrometry Team GTO time, and second, by using the Planetary Camera and guiding FGSs in the "Transit Circle" mode, obtain structural information about the EGOs as part of the WF/PC GTO time. Several methods have been proposed to "stop" the HIPPARCOS frame rotation. The Space Telescope observations have the possibility to provide the most accurate of these determinations, possibly to the level of 0.0002 arcsec/year accuracy. Such a determination would make a significant impact on our knowledge of the motions of groups of stars (which now must have precession removed) and would provide a more stable reference frame against which to measure the motions of solar system objects, for orbital and relativity studies. Because the observations will be made over the lifetime of ST, internal apparent motions within the EGO cores will be observed or not observed at a level which can only be obtained at radio wavelengths using VLBI at the present time. The study of time variable optical positions will bring a new aspect to bear on the study of these objects. Speckle observations of candidate HIPPARCOS stars were used to determine which ones are multiple and hence unsuitable for these studies. Franz and McAlister used the KPNO 4-meter and the Perkins telescope in the northern hemisphere, and Argue and Morgan used the AAT in the southern hemisphere to obtain observations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. Observations will be made with the "Transit Circle" mode using PC-8 and the astrometric data from the guiding FGSs simultaneously. The spacecraft must be oriented so that the EGO and HIP stars are aligned for appropriate use of the guide stars. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. Because of astrometric limitations of the atmosphere, ground- based observations are capable of only about 0.01 arcsecond accuracy in measuring the relative positions between two objects separated by more than an isoplanatic patch. These observations require the longest focus telescopes and detailed analysis of the optical distortions. This accuracy has only been achieved in a handful of fields. ST will provide single observations at the 0.002 arcsecond level, and should allow an order of magnitude increase over the ground-based observations. The standard method of ground-based observation is still the transit circle, so relative optical positions of the HIPPARCOS stars with respect to EGOs will not be measured from the ground. Radio positions using VLBI and VLA observations of RS CVn stars will be made to relate the HIPPARCOS frame to EGOs indirectly. However, ST has the capability to measure this rotation directly, without the problem of relating the optical and radio emission regions. The possible transfer of the radio reference frame to the optical will of necessity require such assumptions about the EGOs, but the use of at least 50 objects will allow statistical statements to be made which will be of great astrophysical interest. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. In order to minimize the impact of power constraints, the dates of observations were picked so that the nominal FGS orientation is aligned with the EGO-HIP star position angle, and off-nominal rolls are not required. However, this constraint makes the observations time-critical. Because the goal is to measure motions, the repeat observations must be made within multiples of one year within two days, in order not to contaminate the motions with the parallaxes of other HIPPARCOS stars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. The astrometric data will be reduced at STScI or the University of Texas using the SDAS/ADRS Software. The reduction of WF/PC data will use the SDAF/WF-PC Software. Analysis will be performed as appropriate. In particular, the reduced poitional data will be transmitted to the HIPPARCOS project, and the analysis will be performed in conjunction with that project. The PC observations using the F606W and F658N filters require the calibrations derived from the first 3 exposure log sheet lines of GTO proposal 1013. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. 160 HIPPARCOS stars have been identified within 10 arcminutes of 90 EGOs. During the GTO time, we expect to make three observations of 40 HIP star-EGO pairs, two observations of 40 more, and one observation of 40 more, for a total of 120 object pairs. We have included all the candidate objects, but expect scheduling constraints to limit which objects will be observed. The success of the program depends on obtaining essentially all of the priority one observations. Priority 2 solutions will strengthen the solution. Priority 3 observations are non- critical and should be treated as "fillers." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. Relative positions and motions of HIPPARCOS stars will be made with respect to Extragalactic Objects (EGOs), using the Fine Guidance Sensors and the Planetary Camera in the "transit circle" mode. The data will provide information on structure changes in the cores of these objects. The position measurements will be used to derive the overall rotation of the HIPPARCOS reference frame with respect to the extragalactic reference frame. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Page 4 Name: PAUL D HEMENWAY Category: CON Institution: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Address: DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN City: AUSTIN State: TX Zip Code: 78712 Country: USA Telephone: (512)471-3431 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: WILLIAM H. JEFFERYS Category: PI Institution: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Address: DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN City: AUSTIN State: TX Zip Code: 78712 Country: USA Telephone: (512)471-1455 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 1013c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC5139 GLOBULAR CLUSTER RA=13H 25M 37.04S +/- .1S, 2000 1 V = 14.5 +/- 1 DEC=-47D 35' 38.3" +/- 1" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 0607- (QSO) RA=06H 07M 25.91S +/- .2S, 1950 1 V = 18 +/- 1 157INCA221- DEC=-15D 42' 02.7" +/- 2" 37 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 INCA221-37- EGO-FGS2-STAR RA =92.099279D +/- .001D, 2000 1 V =13.72 +/- 1 AST1 DEC = -15.599083D +/- 0.001D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54 INCA221-37 (HIPPARCOS-STAR) RA=06H 06M 52.23S +/- .2S, 1950 1 V =12 +/- 1 DEC=-15D 41' 31.2" +/- 2" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 INCA221-37- HIP-FGS2-STAR RA =92.250854D +/- .001D, 2000 1 V =13.34 +/- 1 AST2 DEC = -15.627631D +/- 0.001D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 1546+027INCA (QSO) RA=15H 46M 58.31S +/- .2S, 1950 1 V = 17.79 +/- 1 221-106 DEC=+02D 46' 06.4" +/- 2" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 132 INCA221-106- EGO-FGS2-STAR RA =237.428008D +/- .001D, 2000 1 V =13.28 +/- 1 AST1 DEC = 2.415919D +/- 0.001D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 134 INCA221-106 (HIPPARCOS-STAR) RA=15H 47M 20.39S +/- .2S, 1950 1 V =12 +/- 1 DEC=+02D 39' 06.6" +/- 2" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 136 INCA221-106- HIP-FGS2-STAR RA =237.53205D +/- .001D, 2000 1 V =13.54 +/- 1 AST2 DEC = 2.328675D +/- 0.001D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST c)Generic Targets ID = 1013c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Selection Criteria |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 FIELD STAR CLUSTER;GUIDE STAR POINTING FOR GUIDE STAR TELEMETRY TELEMETRY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1013c [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.5 FIELD S/C DATA NONE FORMAT=FN 1 612S 1 PAR WITH 1.0 Comments: REQUEST GUIDE STAR TELEMTRY FOR LINES 1.0-1.02 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC5139 PC IMAGE P8 F606W PRE-FLASH=YES 1 6S 1 1 NON-INT CR-SPLIT=NO SEQ 1-1.02 NO GAP REPEAT 0.5-1.02 EVERY 365D +/- 2D FOR 1 MORE TIMES Comments: LINES 1-1.02 ARE CALIBRATION SAME ORIENT FOR OBSERVA- TIONS FOR PC/FGS 1.01-1.02 AS 1 OBSERVATIONS IN THE HIPPARCOS CYCLE 9 / 0.5-902 GTO PROGRAM. THESE OBSERVA- GUID TOL 0.007" TIONS SHOULD BE PERFORMED IN CONJUNC- TION WITH THE WFPC PHOTOMETRIC SV PRO- GRAM. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.01 NGC5139 PC IMAGE P8 F658N PRE-FLASH=YES 1 600S 1 1 NON-INT CR-SPLIT=NO GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.02 NGC5139 PC IMAGE P8 F606W PRE-FLASH=YES 1 6S 1 1 NON-INT CR-SPLIT=NO GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 231 0607- PC IMAGE P8 F606W PRE-FLASH=YES 1 60S 1 2 NON-INT 157INCA221- SEQ 231-231.06 NO 37 GAP ORIENT 272D +/- .3D REPEAT 231-231.06, Comments: NEAR JDTOBS = 2448162.000000 800-802 EVERY 730D USE THE SAME GUIDE STARS FOR +/- 2D ALL OBSERVATIONS. A POSSIBLE FOR 1 MORE TIMES PAIR FROM GSSS FOLLOWS: SAME ORIENT FOR 231.02-231.06 AS 231 COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1013c [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 231.02 INCA221-37 PC IMAGE P8 F658N PRE-FLASH=YES 1 2S 1 2 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION Comments: FGS3 GS: RA =92.352454D +/- POS TARG 10.8,- .0008D DEC = -15.517025D +/- 10.8 / .0008D V = 14.13 +/- 1 231.02 GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 231.06 0607- PC IMAGE P8 F725LP PRE-FLASH=YES 1 120S 1 2 NON-INT 157INCA221- COND IF SUITABLE 37 GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION POS TARG 10.8,- 10.8 / 231,231.06 GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 601 1546+027INC PC IMAGE P8 F606W PRE-FLASH=YES 1 50S 1 2 NON-INT A221-106 SEQ 601-601.06 NO GAP ORIENT 142D +/- .3D REPEAT 601-601.06, Comments: NEAR JDTOBS = 2448419.250000 900-902 EVERY 730D USE THE SAME GUIDE STARS FOR +/- 2D ALL OBSERVATIONS. A POSSIBLE FOR 1 MORE TIMES PAIR FROM GSSS FOLLOWS: SAME ORIENT FOR 601.02-601.06 AS 601 COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 601.02 INCA221-106 PC IMAGE P8 F658N PRE-FLASH=YES 1 1S 1 2 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION Comments: FGS3 GS: RA =237.313408D +/- POS TARG 10.8,- .0008D DEC = 2.393775D +/- 10.8 / .0008D V = 15.44 +/- 1 601.02 GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1013c [ 9] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 601.06 1546+027INC PC IMAGE P8 F725LP PRE-FLASH=YES 1 100S 1 2 NON-INT A221-106 COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION POS TARG 10.8,- 10.8 / 601,601.06 GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 800 INCA221-37- FGS POS 2 F550W DATA-RATE=32 1 60S 1 2 PAR WITH 231 AST1 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED Comments: FGS1 GS: RA =92.332237D +/- ORIENTATION .0008D DEC = -15.87765D +/- GUID TOL 0.007" .0008D V = 12.25 +/- 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 801 INCA221-37- FGS POS 2 F550W DATA-RATE=32 1 2S 1 2 PAR WITH 231.02 AST2 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED Comments: EQUINOX=J2000 ORIENTATION GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 802 INCA221-37- FGS POS 2 F550W DATA-RATE=32 1 120S 1 2 PAR WITH 231.06 AST1 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 900 INCA221-106 FGS POS 2 F550W DATA-RATE=32 1 50S 1 2 PAR WITH 601 -AST1 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED Comments: FGS1 GS: RA =237.516196D +/- ORIENTATION .0008D DEC = 2.731764D +/- GUID TOL 0.007" .0008D V = 13.71 +/- 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 1013c [ 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 901 INCA221-106 FGS POS 2 F550W DATA-RATE=32 1 1S 1 2 PAR WITH 601.02 -AST2 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED Comments: EQUINOX=J2000 ORIENTATION GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 902 INCA221-106 FGS POS 2 F550W DATA-RATE=32 1 100S 1 2 PAR WITH 601.06 -AST1 NON-INT COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION GUID TOL 0.007" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 1013c [ 11] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations S/C PC FGS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes DATA IMAGE POS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FORMAT=FN PRE-FLASH=YES CR-SPLIT=NO DATA-RATE=32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/AST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 15.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category ASTROMETRY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PAR WITH 1.0 NON-INT; SEQ 1-1.02 NO GAP; REPEAT 0.5-1.02 EVERY 365D +/- 2D FOR 1 MORE TIMES; SAME ORIENT FOR 1.01-1.02 AS 1; CYCLE 9 / 0.5-902; GUID TOL 0.007" SEQ 231-231.06 NO GAP; ORIENT 272D +/- .3D; REPEAT 231-231.06,800-802 EVERY 730D +/- SAME ORIENT FOR 231.02-231.06 AS 231; COND IF SUITABLE GUIDE STARS AVAILABLE FOR DESIRED ORIENTATION; POS TARG 10.8,-10.8 / 231.02; 231,231.06; SEQ 601-601.06 NO GAP; ORIENT 142D +/- .3D; REPEAT 601-601.06,900-902 EVERY 730D +/- SAME ORIENT FOR 601.02-601.06 AS 601; 601.02; 601,601.06; PAR WITH 231;NON-INT; PAR WITH 231.02;NON-INT; PAR WITH 231.06;NON-INT; PAR WITH 601;NON-INT; PAR WITH 601.02;NON-INT; PAR WITH 601.06;NON-INT; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F606W F658N F725LP F550W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC5139 0607-157INCA221-37 INCA221-37-AST1 INCA221-37-AST2 1546+027INCA221-106 INCA221-106-AST1 INCA221-106-AST2 FIELD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------